PAGEUnit2MoralsandVirtuesSectionⅢListeningandTalking，ReadingforWriting課前自主預(yù)習(xí)Ⅰ．重點(diǎn)單詞1．__accident__n.事故；車禍；失事→__accidental__adj.意外的；偶然的2．__operation__n．手術(shù)；企業(yè)；經(jīng)營(yíng)→__operate__v．操作；動(dòng)手術(shù)→__operator__n．操作人員；接線員3．__whisper__vi.&vt.悄聲說(shuō)；耳語(yǔ)；低語(yǔ)n．耳語(yǔ)(聲)；低語(yǔ)(聲)；傳言；謠傳4．__midnight__n．半夜；午夜5．__import__n．進(jìn)口；進(jìn)口商品vt.進(jìn)口；輸入；引進(jìn)6．__export__n．出口；出口商品vt.出口；輸出；傳播7．__pole__n．(行星的)極；地極8．__lap__n．(坐著時(shí)的)大腿部；(跑道等的)一圈9．__bite__vt.&vi.咬；叮；蟄n．咬；(咬下的)一口；咬傷→__bit__(過(guò)去式)→__bitten10．__lip__n．嘴唇11．__assist__vt.幫助；救濟(jì)→__assistance__n．幫助，救濟(jì)→__assistant__n．助手；助理12．__chairman__主席；主持人；董事長(zhǎng)13．__memory__n．記憶力；回憶→__memorize__v．記憶；記住14．__chain__n．一連串(人或事)；鏈子；鏈條15．__café__n．咖啡館；小餐館16．__waitress__n．(餐館的)女服務(wù)員；女侍者→__waiter__n．(餐館等的)服務(wù)員，侍者17．__pregnant__adj.懷孕的；妊娠的18．__disguise__vt.裝扮；假扮；掩蓋n．偽裝；化妝用具19．__maple__n．楓樹(shù)；楲樹(shù)20．__cart__n．手推車；運(yùn)貨馬車21．__spill__vt.&vi.(使)灑出；(使)溢出22．__limp__vi.跛行；一瘸一拐地走23．__tear__n．眼淚；淚水24．__harm__n．&vt.損害；損害→__harmful__adj.有害的→__harmless__adj.無(wú)害的25．__despair__n．無(wú)望；vi.無(wú)望；感到無(wú)望26．__might__n．力氣；威力27．__fable__n．寓言；寓言故事28．__court__n．(網(wǎng)球等的)球場(chǎng)；法院；法庭29．__flexible__adj.敏捷的；可變通的30．__income__n．收入；收益31．__per__prep.每；每一32．__therefore__adv.因此；所以33．__tension__n．驚慌關(guān)系；驚慌；焦慮Ⅱ．重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1．__first__aid急救2．pass__away__去世3．inmemory__of__作為對(duì)……的紀(jì)念4．trip__over__被……絆倒5．__in__tears流著淚；含著淚6．__in__despair處于無(wú)望中7．__a__greatdeal(of)大量8．__at__midnight在午夜9．neither...__nor__...既不……也不……10．make__an__attempttodo試圖/企圖做……11．succeed__in__doing勝利做了……12．belong__to__屬于Ⅱ．重點(diǎn)句型1．AfterDrBethune’sdeath，ChairmanMaoZedongwroteanarticleinmemoryofhim，__inwhich__hepraisedDrBethuneasaherotoberememberedinChina.白求恩大夫死后，毛澤東主席寫了一篇文章紀(jì)念他，贊揚(yáng)白求恩大夫是中國(guó)人民恒久牢記的英雄。2．Afterawhile，agroupofwomencamealong,__eachbalancing__apotofwateronherhead.過(guò)了一會(huì)兒，一群婦女走了過(guò)來(lái)，每個(gè)人頭上都頂著一罐水。3．__Neither__she__nor__herfriendsthoughtaboutmovingthestoneoutoftheroad.她和她的摯友都沒(méi)有想到把石頭移開(kāi)。4．She__hadbeenworking__alldayandwasverytired.她工作了一成天，特別累。Ⅳ．課文理解一、速讀文章并完成下面的問(wèn)題1．Whatdoesthefabletellus?__Ittellsusnottocomplainabouttheproblemswemeet,buttosolveitpositively.__2．Howmanypartscanthefablebedividedinto,andwhatarethey?Thefablecanbedividedinto__two__parts.__Part1__→__Paragraph1____Part2__→from__Paragraph2toParagraph9__二、細(xì)讀文章并選出最佳答案1．Whichofthefollowingistrue？__C__A．Thekingwantedtoplayajokeonothers.B．Thegroupofwomenmovedthestonetogether.C．Thegirlhadgreatdifficultymovingthestone.D．Themilkmanknewwhoputthestonethere.2．Whatcanyouinferfromthefable？__D__A．Thekingregrettedforwhathehaddone.B．Thegirlandthekingfoundtheownerofthecoins.C．Thegirlwasn’tsurprisedaboutthecoins.D．Thekingachievedhisgoalatlast.3．What’stherightorderofthefable？__B__①Thekingplacedastoneintheroad.②Agroupofwomenpassedit.③Agirlsawandmovedawaythestone.④Amilkmancrashedintothestone.A．①②③④ B．①④②③C．①②④③ D．④①②③課內(nèi)要點(diǎn)探究重點(diǎn)單詞1．whispervi.&vt.悄聲說(shuō)；耳語(yǔ)；低語(yǔ)n．耳語(yǔ)(聲)；低語(yǔ)(聲)；傳言；謠傳eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Whatareyouwhisperingabout?你們?cè)谛÷曊f(shuō)什么？Shewhisperedthesecretinhisear.她在他耳邊小聲說(shuō)隱私。Hewhisperedtomethathewasafraid.他低聲對(duì)我說(shuō)他膽怯 。Shesaiditinawhisper，soIdidn’thear.她是悄聲說(shuō)的，所以我沒(méi)有聽(tīng)見(jiàn)。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思維拓展inawhisper(＝inwhispers)低聲地whisperaboutsth.密談某事whispersth.tosb.小聲對(duì)某人說(shuō)某事whisper(tosb.)that...小聲(對(duì)某人)說(shuō)……Itiswhisperedthat...有人私下說(shuō)……eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(W))誤區(qū)警示whisper后接雙賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，間接賓語(yǔ)無(wú)論在前還是在后，其前都要帶介詞to，即whispersth.tosb.＝whispertosb.sth.。類似結(jié)構(gòu)還有：announcesth.tosb.同某人宣布某事explainsth.tosb.向某人說(shuō)明某事introducesth.tosb.向某人介紹某事suggeststh.tosb.向某人提議某事reportsth.tosb.向某人報(bào)告某事eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即學(xué)即練單句語(yǔ)法填空①“Youcancomeifyoulike，”hesaid__in__awhisper.②WhenIcamein,Ifindtwostudents__whispering__(whisper)toeachother.完成句子③Theydebatedit__inwhispers__.他們低聲辯論。④__Itwaswhispered__thathewasheavilyindebt.據(jù)說(shuō)他負(fù)債累累。2．a(chǎn)ssistvt.幫助；救濟(jì)eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Whowillassistustofinishthejob?誰(shuí)將幫助我們完成這項(xiàng)工作？Wewillassistyouinfindingsomewheretolive.我們將幫你找個(gè)住的地方。PleaseletmeknowifthereisanythingelseIcanassistyouwith.假如有什么我可以幫你的，請(qǐng)告知我。Anyonewillingtoassistcancontactthisnumber.凡愿幫助者可撥此號(hào)碼聯(lián)系。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思維拓展(1)assistsb.todosth.幫助某人做某事assistsb.in(doing)sth.幫助某人(做)某事assistsb.withsth.在某事上幫助某人(2)assistantn．助手，助理；售貨員adj.助理的(用在頭銜或職位前，表示級(jí)別略低)assistantmanager經(jīng)理助理(3)assistancen.[U]幫助，救濟(jì)，支持withtheassistanceof...在……的幫助下cometoone’sassistance/help來(lái)幫助某人eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即學(xué)即練單句語(yǔ)法填空①Johnworksasan__assistant__(assist)managerinanimportcompany.Heisanicepersonandusually__assists__(assist)hisneighbors__with/in__lotsofthings.Severaldaysago,Johnfelldownfromaladderandwasbadlyinjured.Withthe__assistance__(assist)ofLucy,whoisanurse,Johnisrecoveringquicklynow.一句多譯假如你能幫助我完成這個(gè)試驗(yàn)，我將不勝感謝。②I’dappreciateitgreatlyifyoucould__assistmeinfinishing/assistmetofinish__theexperiment.③I’dappreciateitgreatlyifyoucould__assistmewith/in__theexperiment.3．tearn．眼淚；淚水eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Sheburstintotearswhensheheardthebadnews.她聽(tīng)到那個(gè)壞消息時(shí)突然哭了起來(lái)。Hestoodtheresilentlyandwasmovedtotears.他靜靜地站在那里，感動(dòng)得流下了眼淚。Hestruggledtoholdbackthetears.他竭力忍住眼淚。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思維拓展(1)intears流著淚，含著淚burstintotears＝burstoutcrying突然大哭起來(lái)bemovedtotears感動(dòng)得落淚fightback/holdbackthe/one’stears強(qiáng)忍住眼淚(2)/te?r/vt.&vi.(tore，torn)撕裂，撕碎，扯破，戳破vttearapart使分別，使分裂；撕毀；使極其難過(guò)teardown拆毀，拆除(建筑物、墻等)tearup撕碎，撕毀(合同等)Seeinghersoupsetreallytorehimapart.看到她那么難過(guò)，他感到很難過(guò)。Shetoreupallthelettershehadsenther.她把他寄給她的信都撕了。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即學(xué)即練單句語(yǔ)法填空①(北京高考完形填空改編)Shewouldopenabook,pretendingtoread,with__tears__(tear)droppingontheopenpage.②(2024·江蘇四校期中)Manyoldresidentialareas(居民區(qū))weretorn__down__infavourofnewmoderncommunities.完成句子③Thepoorlittlegirl__burstintotears/burstoutcrying__whenhearingthenewsthathergrandmotherhadpassedaway.那個(gè)可憐的小女孩聽(tīng)到祖母去世的消息時(shí)突然大哭起來(lái)。④ThestoryofthelittleboywassosadthatIcouldhardly__fightback/holdbackmytears__.這個(gè)小男孩的故事如此令人哀痛，以至于我沒(méi)有忍住眼淚。4．harmn．&vt.損害；損害eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Eatingtoomuchsweetfoodwilldogreatharmtoyou/doyougreatharm.吃太多甜食對(duì)你危害甚大。Hemeantnoharm—hewasonlyjoking.他并沒(méi)有惡意——他只是在開(kāi)玩笑。Somerubbishinthewatercanharmthefishes.水中的一些垃圾會(huì)危及魚類。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思維拓展(1)doharmtosb./sth.＝dosb./sth.harm對(duì)某人/某物有害meannoharm(tosb.)(對(duì)某人)無(wú)惡意(2)harmfuladj.有害的beharmfultosb./sth.對(duì)某人/某物有害(3)harmlessadj.無(wú)害的eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即學(xué)即練單句語(yǔ)法填空①Eatinganddrinkingtoomuchandsoonwillsurelydoharm__to__theirhealth.②Theairpollutionisveryserious,sotakingoutdoorexercisemaybe__harmful__(harm)toourhealth.③Ithinkthiskindofbehaviourisnormaland__harmless__(harm)．④Asparents,theyhaveresponsibilitytomakesurewewon’t__beharmed__(harm)．重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1．passaway去世eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句It’sbeenoverayearsincemygrandfatherpassedaway.我祖父去世已經(jīng)一年多了。Sadly,DrBethunepassedawayinNovemberthefollowingyearandwasburiedinShijiazhuang.不幸的是，白求恩大夫其次年11月去世，葬在石家莊。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思維拓展(1)passby經(jīng)過(guò)pass...onto把……傳遞給passdown流傳，世代相傳passthrough通過(guò)，穿過(guò)pass...offas裝作，假裝passthedrivingtest通過(guò)駕照考試passthetime消磨時(shí)間passsth.tosb.把某物傳給某人(2)“死”的委婉表達(dá)法：passaway，sleepthefinalsleep，breatheone’slast。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即學(xué)即練單句語(yǔ)法填空①Wewerepassing__by__，sowethoughtwe’dcomeandsayhello.②Alicewasverysorrytohearhergrandmotherhadpassed__away__twodaysbefore.③Valuablethingsthatwerepassed__down__havesomethingincommon.④Onsuchanoccasion,thetorchwillbepassedfromoneperson__on__toanother.單句寫作⑤Theyallwavedmerrilyasthey__passedby__(經(jīng)過(guò))．⑥Shesaidshe’d__passed__themessage__onto__(把……傳給……)mycolleagues.2．inmemoryof作為對(duì)……的紀(jì)念eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Hewrotealongmovingpoeminmemoryofhiswife.他寫了一首感人的長(zhǎng)詩(shī)來(lái)紀(jì)念他的妻子。Hefoundedthecharityinmemoryofhislatewife.他創(chuàng)辦了這一慈善事業(yè)以紀(jì)念他已故的妻子。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思維拓展in＋n.＋of短語(yǔ)：inpraiseof歌頌inhonorof紀(jì)念；為向……表示敬意infavorof贊同insupportof支持inchargeof負(fù)責(zé)insearchof找尋inpossessionof擁有inneed/wantof須要inplaceof代替inhopeof希望eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即學(xué)即練用in＋n.＋of短語(yǔ)填空①Thisisabook__inpraiseof__theconstructionworkers.②Weareall__infavorof__yourplan.③Theystartedoffatonce__insearchof__themissinggirl.④Agreatbanquetwasheld__inhonorof__ourdistinguishedguests.⑤Weusechopsticks__inplaceof__knivesandforks.⑥Amedicalteamrushedtothesceneofthedisasterwherehospitalswere__inneed/wantof__doctorsandnurses.⑦Twominutesofsilencewereobserved__inmemoryof__thosewhodiedinthewar.⑧ShangZhiisthechiefcommanderwhowas__inchargeof__thelaunchofShenzhouVI.3．pickup撿起；整理；整理；(偶然)學(xué)會(huì)；用車接某人；收聽(tīng)到；(身體)好轉(zhuǎn)eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Hepickeduphissuitcaseandclimbedthestairs.他拎起手提箱，爬上了樓梯。Ipickedupsomehighlyusefuloldbooks.我偶然得到了幾本極為有用的舊書。RememberthattimeshepickedupmydaughterwhenIwasill?還記得那次我生病，她替我接女兒?jiǎn)?？eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思維拓展pickoneselfup(摔倒后)站起來(lái)pickout挑出；選擇；辨別出picksb.todosth.選中某人做某事pickone’spocket扒竊；掏包eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(T))圖解助記pickup的多種含義：寫出下列句中pickup的含義①(2024·北京閱讀理解改編)Insteadofwalkingafewblocks(街區(qū))topickupachildorthedrycleaning,theysendtheself-drivingminibus.__(開(kāi)車)接人；取回__解析：句意：他們不是步行幾個(gè)街區(qū)去接孩子或取回干洗的衣物，而是派自動(dòng)駕駛的小型公共汽車去做這些。②Thankstotheimmediatemeasuretakenbythegovernment,theeconomypickedupsoonaftertheglobalfinancialcrisis.__好轉(zhuǎn)__解析：句意：由于政府剛好實(shí)行措施，經(jīng)濟(jì)(狀況)在全球金融危機(jī)后很快好轉(zhuǎn)了。③It’ssurprisingthatyourbrotherpickedupRussiansoquickly—hehasn’tlivedthereverylong.__學(xué)會(huì)__④Hepickedupawalletonthewaytopickinguphisdaughteryesterday.__撿起__；__(開(kāi)車)接人__⑤(2024·北京閱讀理解改編)Theproblemofrobocallshadgottensobadthatmanypeoplenowrefusetopickupcallsfromnumberstheydon’tknow.__接電話__⑥Afterworkshealwayspicksupsomevegetablesandfruitattheshoproundthecorner.__(廉價(jià)地)買到__4．a(chǎn)greatdeal(of)大量eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Helikestoswimagreat/gooddeal.他特別寵愛(ài)游泳。Shespentagreat/gooddealofmoneyonclothes.她在衣服上花了不少錢。Agreat/gooddealhasbeensaidaboutit.關(guān)于這一點(diǎn)已經(jīng)說(shuō)了很多了。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(W))誤區(qū)警示(1)作狀語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞或者形容詞/副詞的比較級(jí)。(2)作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。(3)和of連用修飾不行數(shù)名詞。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思維拓展“很多，大量”的其他表述：(1)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(agood/greatmany,alarge/great/goodnumberof,quiteafew))＋eq\a\vs4\al(可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式)(2)manya(n)＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)(作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式)(3)much＋不行數(shù)名詞(作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式)(4)alotof/lotsof/plentyof＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不行數(shù)名詞(作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后的名詞)(5)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(alargeamountof,largeamountsof))＋eq\a\vs4\al(不行數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于amount的形式)(6)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(alargequantityof＋不行數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞取決于of后的名詞,largequantitiesof＋不行數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式))eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即學(xué)即練單句語(yǔ)法填空①Howcanwedealwithit?Agreatdealoftrouble__lies__(lie)beforeus.②Itisreportedthatmanyanewhouse__isbeingbuilt__(build)atpresentinthedisasterarea.③Nowplentyofgas__isneeded__(need)fortheincreasingcarstoruninthestreet.④Largeamountsofmoney__werespent__(spend)buyingnewbookslastyear.⑤Largequantitiesofresearchintothesubject__havebeendone__(do)sofar.⑥Agoodmanyforeigners__pay__(pay)avisittotheGreatWalleveryyear.5．belongto屬于eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Doyoubelongtothetennisclub?你是網(wǎng)球俱樂(lè)部的嗎？eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思維拓展(1)belongtosb.屬于某人，歸某人全部belongtoaclub是俱樂(lè)部的成員(2)belongingsn．(pl.)全部物；財(cái)產(chǎn)，財(cái)物asenseofbelonging歸屬感personalbelongings(pl.)個(gè)人財(cái)物，私人用品eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(W))誤區(qū)警示belongto既無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，也不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。但可用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。to是介詞，后面跟名詞或人稱代詞賓格作賓語(yǔ)而不能跟名詞全部格或者物主代詞。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即學(xué)即練單句語(yǔ)法填空①Ireallydon’tknow__to__whomthiscomputerbelongs.②Thecarbelongingto__him__(he)wasseriouslybrokeninatrafficaccident.③Thehouse__belonging__(belong)tomestandsinthecentreofthecity.④Ijustescapedfromthefloodandallmybelongings__wereswept__(sweep)away.單句寫作⑤Livingabroad,hedoesn’thave__asenseofbelonging__(歸屬感)．⑥D(zhuǎn)oyouthinktheseboxesofmedicine__belongto__(屬于)thatclinic?重點(diǎn)句型1．AfterDrBethune’sdeath，ChairmanMaoZedongwroteanarticleinmemoryofhim，inwhichhepraisedDrBethuneasaherotoberememberedinChina.白求恩大夫死后，毛澤東主席寫了一篇文章紀(jì)念他，贊揚(yáng)白求恩大夫是中國(guó)人民恒久牢記的英雄。(1)句式分析：這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。主句是ChairmanMaoZedongwroteanarticleinmemoryofhim，后面是inwhich引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞anarticle。(2)“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”可引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，也可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，現(xiàn)將其用法歸納如下：eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(\a\vs4\al(1介詞的位置：介詞可以放在關(guān)系代詞之前，也可以后置，放,

在定語(yǔ)從句的句末。,2關(guān)系代詞的選擇：①當(dāng)介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞,

只能用whom指人，which指物和whose表示所屬關(guān)系；,

②當(dāng)介詞后置時(shí)，則可用that/who代替which/whom，也可省略,

關(guān)系代詞。,3介詞的選取原則：①依據(jù)介詞與先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配；②依據(jù)介,

詞與定語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞或形容詞的搭配；③依據(jù)句子的詳細(xì)含義。,4某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、緣由等狀語(yǔ)的“介詞＋關(guān)系代,

詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when，where，why互換。,5有時(shí)which在定語(yǔ)從句中可以作定語(yǔ)。)))Thepapers(which)hewassearchingforhavebeenrecovered.他剛才在找尋的那些文件已經(jīng)找回來(lái)了。Theholidayvillahadalargewindowoneverysidefromwhich(＝where)onecouldenjoythelakesidescenery，asenchantingasfairyland.度假別墅軒窗四周，滿目湖光山色，真如仙境。Thefarmonwhichweworkedtenyearsagoisn’twhatitusedtobe.十年前我們工作過(guò)的那個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)已不是過(guò)去的樣子了。(onthefarm在農(nóng)場(chǎng)里)Thebridgeonwhichtheywerestandingcollapsed.他們站在上面的那座橋倒塌了。(standonthebridge站在橋上)Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool，afterwhichhewenttoPekingUniversity.在當(dāng)?shù)刂袑W(xué)接受完教化后，他去了北京高校。(依據(jù)句子的詳細(xì)含義)Tenyearsofhardworkchangedhergreatly，forwhichreasonhecouldhardlyrecognizeheratfirstsight.十年的辛苦使她改變很大，他一眼很難認(rèn)出她來(lái)。(which作定語(yǔ))eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(W))誤區(qū)警示(1)指抽象或隱含關(guān)系時(shí)，介詞要置于關(guān)系代詞之前。ThedecisionwasmadeatthemeetingduringwhichIkeptfallingasleep.這項(xiàng)確定是在我瞌睡不斷的那次會(huì)議上做出的。(during不能后置)(2)某些兩個(gè)詞或三個(gè)詞構(gòu)成的固定動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，在定語(yǔ)從句中一般不宜將介詞置于關(guān)系代詞前。Thisisthegirlwhomhewilltakecareof.這就是他將照看的女孩。(of不宜前置)eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即學(xué)即練單句語(yǔ)法填空①HeiskindtoBill，with__whom__heplayschess.②Isthisthecar__for__whichyoupaidahighprice?③NelsonMandeladevotedhislifetofightingforafreesocietyin__which__allpeoplelivetogetherinharmony.④(2024·浙江卷語(yǔ)法填空)Sometimeafter10,000BC，peoplemadethefirstrealattempttocontroltheworldtheylived__in__，throughagriculture.2．Afterawhile，agroupofwomencamealong，eachbalancingapotofwateronherhead.過(guò)了一會(huì)兒，一群婦女走了過(guò)來(lái)，每個(gè)人頭上都頂著一罐水。(1)句式分析：這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)潔句。本句中eachbalancingapotofwateronherhead是一個(gè)由代詞each和動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語(yǔ)組成的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，充當(dāng)句子的狀語(yǔ)，這種語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象被稱作“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”。(2)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的用法：語(yǔ)法功能只在句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示緣由、條件、讓步、結(jié)果、伴隨狀況等語(yǔ)法構(gòu)成名詞/人稱代詞主格＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分,詞/不定式,形容詞/副詞/介詞,短語(yǔ)/名詞))特性可置于句首或句尾，常由逗號(hào)將其與句子的主體部分分開(kāi)。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與句子之間不能運(yùn)用任何連接詞其邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不同，它獨(dú)立存在Timepermitting，wewillgoforanoutingtomorrow.假如時(shí)間允許的話，我們明天外出游玩。(Time和permit是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系)Manyfunnystoriesincludedinthebook，itisverypopularwithchildren.這本書中有很多好笑的故事，深受孩子們的寵愛(ài)。(stories和included是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)Theexamtobeheldtomorrow，Ican’tgotothecinematonight.明天將實(shí)行考試，今晚我不能去看電影了。(Theexam和hold是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作)Somanywindowstoclean，Ihadtodevotethewholemorning.因?yàn)橛泻芏啻皯粢粒抑缓糜昧苏麄€(gè)上午。(windows是clean這一動(dòng)作的承受者，但句子主語(yǔ)I為clean這一動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，所以這里用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義)Shelookedathim，hereyesfullofexcitementandcuriosity.她看著他，目光里充溢了興奮和新奇。Shecameup，herhairamess.她走了過(guò)來(lái)，頭發(fā)蓬亂不堪。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(M))名師點(diǎn)津在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中用動(dòng)詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的意義是不同的。動(dòng)詞不定式往往表示動(dòng)作沒(méi)有發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生，現(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，過(guò)去分詞往往表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)可以和with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)互換。Withautumncoming，thetreeleavesturnyellowandsomebirdsflytothesouth.＝Autumncoming，thetreeleavesturnyellowandsomebirdsflytothesouth.秋天來(lái)了，樹(shù)葉變黃了，一些鳥(niǎo)兒飛到了南方。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即學(xué)即練單句語(yǔ)法填空①TomlookedatJenny，tears__filling__(fill)hiseyes，andshoutedoutthewords__hidden__(hide)inhisheartforyears.②Hisattention__concentrated__(concentrate)onwhathewasdoing，hedidn’tnoticethathisbikehadbeenstolen.③Alotofwork__todo__(do)，hehadnotimetotalkwithus.④Time__permitting__(permit),I’llassistyoucleaningthekitchen.⑤It__being__(be)hot,manypeoplesitintheshadeofthemaple.⑥There__being__(be)notruck,wehadtousecarts.單句寫作⑦Hecameintotheroom,__hisnoseredwithcold__(他的鼻子凍得通紅)．⑧Aceremonywasheldinmemoryofthehero,__eachpersonwearingawhiteflower__(每人戴著一朵白花)．3．Neithershenorherfriendsthoughtaboutmovingthestoneoutoftheroad.她和她的摯友都沒(méi)有想到把石頭移開(kāi)。