2024學(xué)年第一學(xué)期高二年級10月四校聯(lián)考英語學(xué)科試題考生須知：1.本卷滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘；2.答題前，在答題卷指定區(qū)域填寫班級、姓名、考場號、座位號及準(zhǔn)考證號并填涂相應(yīng)數(shù)字；3.所有答案必須寫在答題卷上，寫在試卷上無效；4.考試結(jié)束后，只需上交答題卷。第一部分：聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分20分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Wherewillthewomanprobablygofirst?A.Toacinema.B.Toasupermarket.C.Toabank.2.Whydoesthemanrefusethewoman'srequest?A.Theheatingisbroken.B.Hecan'taffordtheheatingbill.C.Hedoesn'tliketousetheheating.3.Whatdoesthewomanmostprobablywanttodo?A.ApplytoIslandAirforthejob.B.Getsomeworkexperiencefirst.C.Takeatrainingcourse.4.Whatdoesthemanthinkofhishistoryteacher?A.Respectable.B.Annoying.C.Talkative.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Awebsite.B.Apieceofmusic.C.ATshirt.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatagegroupisthegamegoodfor?A.From10to19.B.From8to13.C.From6to12.7.WhereisBlack'sPCshop?A.OnMarsdenStreet.B.OnHunterRoad.C.NexttoWalker'sstore.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Advertiserandadvertisingagent.B.Businesspartners.C.Workmates.9.WhywasthepanyunsuccessfulinJapan?A.ThetargetgroupbetweenJapanandAmericaisdifferent.B.Thenameofthepanyscaredoffcustomers.C.Themarketingstrategiesdidn’twork.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatisthemandoing?A.Givingdirections.B.Offeringaninvitation.C.Askingforinformation.11.Whereistheregistrar'soffice?A.Oppositethelibrary.B.Intheclassroombuilding.C.Intheredbrickbuilding.12.Whatdoesthemanoffertodoforthewoman?A.Havedinnerwithher.B.Showheraroundtheschool.C.Acpanyhertotheregistration.聽第9段材料,回答第13至16題。13.Whydidthemanmisshisconnectingflight?A.Hisplanearrivedlate.B.Hetookawrongplane.C.Hedidn'tcatchtheearliestflight.14.Whenwilltheman'sconnectingflightdepart?A.At3:00.B.At4:30.C.At7:00.15.Whereisthemannow?A.InMunich.B.InDenver.C.InChicago.16.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Askthetechniciansforhelp.B.Attendthemeetingonline.C.Havethemeetingvideotaped.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whoarethelisteners?A.Servers.B.Cashiers.C.Students.18.Whichismentionedbythespeaker?A.Wheretoapplyforadotjob.B.Whytochooseadotjob.C.Howtogetadotjob.19.Whatdostudentsenjoymostwhendoingdotjobs?A.Respect.B.Highpay.C.Goodexperience.20.Whydosomeuniversitystudentsdropouttostarttheirowndots?A.Dotsneedlittlemoneyandfewskills.B.Dotsdemandlittleworkingexperience.C.Dotsrequirefewformalqualifications.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AFourWaysYourCatTriestomunicatewithYouCatsareamazingcreatures,andwhiletheycan’ttalktous,theycertainlyknowhowtomunicatetheirneedsandfeelings.It’sjustuptoustolearnhowtolistentowhattheyaresaying.MeowingCatsmeowattheirownersforseveralreasons,including:toaskforfood,togreetpeople,toaskforattention,toletyouknowtheywanttogooutside/einside.Inaddition,elderlycatssufferingfromcognitivedisfunction,similartoAlzheimer’sDisease(阿爾茨海默癥)inhumans,maymeowduetobeingconfusedordisoriented,soweencourageyoutoscheduleanappointmentwithusifyourseniorcatseemsconfusedorismeowingmorethanusual.PurringWhilecatsdopurrasasignofcontentment,theyalsodoitasaselffortingmechanismwhensick,stressedorinjured.Ifyourcatispurringbutalsoshowingsignsthatsomethingmaybewrong,likehidingmorethanusualorrefusingfood/water,theycouldbesickorinpain.TailPostureIftheyholdtheirtailstraightupandhaverelaxedfur,they’relikelytofeelhappyorcurious.Butiftheirfurstandsonendwhiletheirtailisstraight,thisindicatesfearoranger.Holdingthetailloworhiddenbetweenthelegsindicatesinsecurity,andatailthat’srapidlytwitchingbackandforthsuggestsanxiety.RubbingWhenyourcatrubsagainstyourlegsorgivesyouheadbutts,theyaretellingyouthattheyloveyou.Thatisnottheonlythingtheyaredoing,though!Catsrubtheirbodiesandcheeksagainstpeopleandobjectstomarktheirterritoryandtoclaimhumans,othercats,andvariousobjectsastheirown.1.Whencatsaresickorinpain,whataretheylikelytodo?A.Meowattheirowners. B.Rubagainstyourlegs.C.Purrandrefusefood. D.Holdtheirtailstraightup.2.Whatmayacatshowwhenithidesitstailbetweenlegs?A.Insecurity. B.Depression. C.Curiosity. D.Happiness.3.Whoprovidesthistextmostprobably?A.Acatsitter. B.Acatowner.C.Ananimalshelter. D.Apethealthcarecentre.【答案】1.C2.A3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。本文主要講述了和寵物貓咪交流的四種方式?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Ifyourcatispurringbutalsoshowingsignsthatsomethingmaybewrong,likehidingmorethanusualorrefusingfood/water,theycouldbesickorinpain.”（如果你的貓咪正在咕嚕咕嚕地叫，但同時(shí)也表現(xiàn)出可能出了問題的跡象，比如比平時(shí)藏得更多或者拒絕食物/水，它們可能生病了或者很痛苦。）可知，貓咪生病或很痛苦的時(shí)候，它們會咕嚕咕嚕叫或者拒絕食物。故選C。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Holdingthetailloworhiddenbetweenthelegsindicatesinsecurity,andatailthat’srapidlytwitchingbackandforthsuggestsanxiety.”（把尾巴放低或藏在兩腿之間表示不安全感，尾巴快速來回抽動表示焦慮。）可知，當(dāng)貓咪把尾巴藏在兩腿之間，表示它們感覺到了不安全感。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章標(biāo)題“FourWaysYourCatTriestomunicatewithYou”（你的貓?jiān)噲D和你交流的四種方式）及第一段“Catsareamazingcreatures,andwhiletheycan’ttalktous,theycertainlyknowhowtomunicatetheirneedsandfeelings.It’sjustuptoustolearnhowtolistentowhattheyaresaying.”（貓是神奇的生物，雖然它們不能和我們說話，但它們當(dāng)然知道如何交流它們的需求和感受。只有我們才能學(xué)會如何傾聽它們所說的話。）可知，本文主要講述了和寵物貓咪交流的四種方式，而了解貓咪的生活特點(diǎn)的只有寵物保健中心的工作人員熟悉，因而文章可能是寵物保健中心的人提供的。故選D。B閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Soon,you’regoingtohavetomoveout!”criedmyneighboruponseeingthelargesttomatoplantknowntomankind,oratleastknowninmyneighborhood.Onetiny9inchplant,boughtfor$1.25inthespring,hasalreadytakenovermuchofmyrosebed,coveringmuchofotherplants,andiswellonitswaytothefrontdoor.Rosesrequireagooddealofcare,andifitweren’tforthepleasuretheygive,itwouldn’tbeworththework.Asitis,Ihaveagardenfullofsweetsmellingrosesformostoftheyear.Bushesmustbepruned(剪枝)inearlyspring,leavinguglywoodybranchesuntilthenewgrowthappearsafewweekslater.Itwasthespaceavailableinthegardenthatledmeintoplantingjustonelittletomatoplant.Abigmistake.Soilconditionsmadejustperfectforrosesturnouttobeevenmoreperfectfortomatoes.Thedailywateringcoupledwithfullsunandregularfertilizing(施肥)haveturnedthelittleplantintoatallbush.ThecageIplacedarounditastheplantgrewhaslongdisappearedunderthethickleaves.NowthetaskIfaceinharvestingthefruitistwofold.First,Ihavetofindtheredonesamongtheleaves,whichmeansIalmosthavetostandonmyhead,andoncefoundIhavetoreachdownandunder,pickthetomatoesandwithdraw(縮回)myfullfistwithoutdroppingtheprizesodearlywon.IfoundtwofullblownwhiterosespletelyhiddenasIpickedtomatoesinJune.Buttheywereweakandtheleavesalreadyyellowforlackoflight.HereIamfacedwithapainfulsmalldecision:Totearupawonderfulandproductivetomatoplantthatoffersupbetweentenandtwentyripesweettomatoeseachdayorsaygoodbyetoseveralexpensiveandtreasuredroses.LikeScarlettinGoneWiththeWindI’llthinkaboutthattomorrow.4.Whataretherequirementsforthehealthygrowthofrose?A.Frequentpruningandfertilizing.B.Alotofcareandtherightsoil.C.Tomatoplantsgrownalongside.D.Cagesplacedaroundtheroots.5.Thewriterplantedthetomatoplantbecause______.A.therewasroomforitinthegardenB.thesoilwasjustrightforitC.itcostonly$1.25D.theroses’branchesneededtobecovered6.Thisyearthewriter’sroseswere_______.A.removedfromtherosebedB.largelyhiddenunderthetomatoplantC.mostlydamagedbytoomuchsunlightD.pickedalongwiththetomatoes7.Bysaying“theprizesodearlywon”inParagraph5,thewriterwantsto_________.A.expressherlikingfortherosesB.showthehardshipofgrowingtherosesC.showthedifficultyinpickingthetomatoesD.expresshercareforthetomatoes【答案】4.B5.A6.B7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者種西紅柿的經(jīng)歷。作者在春天偶然栽種的一棵西紅柿長成后個(gè)頭非常大，影響到了園中的玫瑰花，作者在享受西紅柿美味的同時(shí)，又難以割舍珍貴的玫瑰花，面對兩種選擇，作者舉棋不定。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Rosesrequireagooddealofcare,andifitweren’tforthepleasuretheygive,itwouldn’tbeworththework.(玫瑰需要精心呵護(hù)，如果不是為了它帶來的樂趣，它就不值得花那么多功夫)”和第四段中的“Soilconditionsmadejustperfectforrosesturnouttobeevenmoreperfectfortomatoes.(正好適合玫瑰生長的土壤條件對番茄來說更完美)”可知，玫瑰健康生長需要大量的照料和正確的土壤。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第三段倒數(shù)第二句“Itwasthespaceavailableinthegardenthatledmeintoplantingjustonelittletomatoplant.(是因?yàn)榛▓@里有足夠的空間，我才種了一株小小的番茄)”可知，作家種西紅柿是因?yàn)榛▓@里有空地。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Onetiny9inchplant,boughtfor$1.25inthespring,hasalreadytakenovermuchofmyrosebed,coveringmuchofotherplants,andiswellonitswaytothefrontdoor.(花1美元買了一株9英寸的小植物，在春天的時(shí)候，它已經(jīng)占據(jù)了我的大部分玫瑰花圃，覆蓋了很多其他的植物，而且很快就會到達(dá)前門)”可知，西紅柿已經(jīng)蓋住了玫瑰花。故選B項(xiàng)。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)本段首句中thetask可知，作者將摘西紅柿看成是一項(xiàng)“任務(wù)”；以及“First,Ihavetofindtheredonesamongtheleaves,whichmeansIalmosthavetostandonmyhead,andoncefoundIhavetoreachdownandunder,pickthetomatoesandwithdraw(縮回)myfullfistwithoutdroppingtheprizesodearlywon.(首先，我必須在葉子中找到紅色的，這意味著我?guī)缀跻沽⑵饋恚坏┱业搅?，我就必須把手伸到下面，摘起西紅柿，然后收回我的拳頭，不讓我來之不易的獎(jiǎng)品掉下去)”可知，在第5段中，作者想通過說“來之不易的獎(jiǎng)品”來表達(dá)摘西紅柿的困難。故選C項(xiàng)。COnemorningafewyearsago,HarvardPresidentNeilRudenstineoverslept.Forthisbusyman,itwasasortofalarm:afteryearsofnonstophardwork,hemightwearhimselfoutanddieanearlydeath.Onlyafteraweek’sleave——duringwhichhereadnovels,listenedtomusicandwalkedwithhiswifeonabeach——wasRudenstineabletoreturntowork.Inourmodernlife,wehavelosttherhythmbetweenactionandrest.Amazingly,withinthisworldthereisauniversalbutsillysaying:“Iamsobusy.”Wesaythistooneanotherasifourtirelesseffortswereatalentbynatureandanabilitytosuccessfullydealwithstress.Thebusierweare,themoreimportantweseemtoourselvesand,weimagine,toothers.Tobeunavailabletoourfriendsandfamily,andtobeunabletofindtimetorelax——thishasbeethemodelofasuccessfullife.Becausewedonotrest,weloseourway.Wemisstheguidetellinguswheretogo,thefoodprovidingiswithstrength,thequietgivinguswisdom.Howhaveweallowedthistohappen?Ibelieveitisthis:wehaveforgottentheSabbath,thedayoftheweek——forfollowersofsomereligions——forrestandpraying.Itisadaywhenwearenotsupposedtowork,atimewhenwedevoteourselvestoenjoyingandcelebratingwhatisbeautiful.Itisagoodtimetoblessourchildrenandlovedones,givethanks,sharemeals,walkandsleep.Itisatimeforustotakearest,toputourworkaside,trustingthattherearelargerforcesatworktakingcareoftheworld.Restissspiritualandbiologicalneed;however,inourstrongambitiontobesuccessfulandcareforourmanyresponsibilities,wemayfeelterriblyguiltywhenwetaketimetorest.TheSabbathgivesuspermissiontostopwork.Infact,“RemembertheSabbath”ismorethansimplypermissiontorest;itisaruletoobeyandaprincipletofollow.8.The“alarm”inthefirstparagraphrefersto“_______”.A.asignalofstressB.awarningofdangerC.asignofageD.aspreadofdisease9.AccordingtoParagraph4,asuccessfulpersonisonewhoisbelievedto_______.A.beabletoworkwithoutstressB.bemoretalentedthanotherpeopleC.bemoreimportantthananyoneelseD.bebusyingworkingwithouttimetorest10.Somepeoplefeelguiltywhentakingtimetorestbecausethey_______.A.thinkthattakingarestmeanslackingambitionsB.failtorealizethatrestisanessentialpartoflifeC.failtorealizethatreligionsforcethemtorestD.thinkthattakingarestmeansbeinglazy11.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Weshouldbalanceworkwithrest.B.TheSabbathgivesuspermissiontorest.C.Itissillyforanyonetosay“Iambusy.”D.Weshouldbeavailabletoourfamilyandfriends.【答案】8.B9.D10.B11.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文。本文通過哈佛教授多年無休止的工作，最后由于身體不適，不得不休息一段時(shí)間再回去工作這件事，來進(jìn)一步說明工作是必須的，但是休息也是精神和生理的需要，我們要做好工作和休息的平衡?！?題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)下句afteryearsofnonstophardwork,hemightwearhimselfoutanddieanearlydeath.（幾年無休止的辛勤工作，可能會讓他耗盡自己的精力，并且早衰而亡），可知“alarm”指的是危險(xiǎn)的警告，故選B。【9題詳解】判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段Thebusierweare,themoreimportantweseemtoourselvesand,weimagine,toothers.Tobeunavailabletoourfriendsandfamily,andtobeunabletofindtimetorelax——thishasbeethemodelofasuccessfullife.（我們越忙，我們對自己和他人就顯得越重要。無法與朋友和家人相聚，無法找到時(shí)間放松——這已成為成功生活的典范。）由此推知，根據(jù)第四自然段，一個(gè)成功的人就是忙于工作，沒時(shí)間休息的人。故選D。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段Restissspiritualandbiologicalneed;however,inourstrongambitiontobesuccessfulandcareforourmanyresponsibilities,wemayfeelterriblyguiltywhenwetaketimetorest.可知一些人花時(shí)休息時(shí)，感到愧疚是因?yàn)樗麄儧]有意識到休息是生活必需的一部分。故選B?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。本文通過哈佛教授多年無休止的工作，最后由于身體不適，不得不休息一段時(shí)間，再回去工作這件事，來進(jìn)一步說明工作是必須的，但是休息也是精神和生理的需要，我們要做好工作和休息的平衡。選項(xiàng)B、C、D只是文章提到的某一方面，不能概括全文主旨。故選A。DCaliforniahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s,accordingtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor(因素).Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests,thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected,fromthefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry,thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent;inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline,saidPatrickMcIntyre,anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatpetewithbigtreesforresources(資源).ButinparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010,McIntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithaputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettinginparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded,takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall,airtemperature,dampnessofsoil,andthetimingofsnowmelt(融雪).Sincethe1930s,McIntyresaid,thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair,andearliersnowmelt,whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.12.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.TheseriousnessofbigtreelossinCalifornia.B.TheincreasingvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees.C.ThedistributionofbigtreesinCaliforniaforests.D.TheinfluenceoffarmingonbigtreesinCalifornia.13.Whichofthefollowingiswellintentionedbutmaybebadforbigtrees?A.Ecologicalstudiesofforests.B.Banningwoodcutting.C.Limitinghousingdevelopment.D.Firecontrolmeasures.14.WhatisamajorcauseofthewatershortageaccordingtoMcIntyre?A.Inadequatesnowmelt. B.Alongerdryseason.C.Awarmerclimate. D.Dampnessoftheair.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.California’sForests:WhereHaveAlltheBigTreesGone?B.CuttingofBigTreestoBeProhibitedinCaliforniaSoonC.WhyAretheBigTreesImportanttoCaliforniaForests?D.PatrickMcIntyre:GrowMoreBigTreesinCalifornia【答案】12.A13.D14.C15.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。根據(jù)一項(xiàng)研究顯示，自20世紀(jì)30年代以來，加州已經(jīng)損失了一半的大樹，而氣候變化似乎是其主要因素?！?2題詳解】主旨大意題。第二段中，作者用具體數(shù)據(jù)說明了大樹損失在各個(gè)地區(qū)的嚴(yán)重程度，沒有任何地區(qū)幸免或不受影響，故選A?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatpetewithbigtreesforresources(資源).可知，對野火的控制使得加利福尼亞的森林里擠滿了小樹，與大樹爭奪資源，也就是對野火的控制是善意的，但對大樹產(chǎn)生了不利的影響。故選D?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair,andearliersnowmelt,whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.可知，造成加州水資源短缺的最大因素是溫度升高，這導(dǎo)致樹木向空氣中流失更多的水分，以及更早的融雪，這減少了旱季對樹木的供水量。故選C?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，自20世紀(jì)30年代以來，加州已經(jīng)損失了一半的大樹，文章分析了引起該現(xiàn)象的幾個(gè)主要因素。全文圍繞“加州森林的大樹都去哪兒了”話題展開，故選項(xiàng)A。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。WhyDoWeGetAngry?Angerseemssimplewhenwearefeelingit,butthecausesofangerarevarious.Knowingthesecausescanmakeusexamineourbehavior,andcorrectbadhabits.Themainreasonswegetangryaretriggering（觸發(fā)）events,personalitytraits（特征）,andourassessmentofsituations.___16___Triggeringeventsforangeraresomanythattodescribethemallwouldtakehundredsofpages.However,herearesomeexamples:beingcutoffintraffic,adeadlineapproaching,experiencingphysicalpain,andmuchmore._____17_____Thereasonwhysomeoneistriggeredbysomethingandothersarenotisoftenduetoone’spersonalhistoryandpsychologicaltraits.Eachperson,nomatterwhotheyare,haspsychologicalimbalances.Peoplewhohavepersonalitytraitsthatconnectwithpetitivenessandlowupsettolerancearemuchmorelikelytogetangry.____18____Also,sometimespreangerdoesnothavetodowithalastingcondition,butratheratemporarystatebeforeatriggeringeventhasoccurred.___19___Sometimesevenroutineoccurrencesbeesourcesofpreanger,orangeritself.Sometimesignoranceandnegative(消極的)outlooksonsituationscancreateanger.___20___However,angercaneasilyturnviolent,anditisbesttoknowthereasonsforangertoappearinordertopreventitspresence.Withthesemainreasonsinmind,wecanevaluateourlevelofangerthroughoutthedayandpreventcasesofoutburstsbyprehendingthereasonsforourfeelings.A.Ourattitudeandviewpointonsituationscancreateangerwithinusaswell.B.Butsometypesofsituationscanhelpustogetridoftheoccurrenceofanger.C.Angerisrarelylookeduponasabeneficialcharactertrait,andisusuallyadvisedtoreduceit.D.Angerisaparticularlystrongfeelingandmaybepeoplethinkthattheyhavereasonstofeelangry.E.Havingthesepersonalitytraitsimpliesthepreangerstate,whereangerisinthebackgroundofyourmind.F.Understandingthesereasonswillcontrolourownangerifwearewillingtoevaluateourselveswithacriticaleye.G.Noteveryoneactsthesameinresponsetoevents,andthatiswhywhattriggersonepersonmayormaynottriggeranother.【答案】16.F17.G18.E19.A20.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章分析了導(dǎo)致人們生氣的三個(gè)原因并指出如何防止憤怒爆發(fā)。【16題詳解】考查上下文理解和邏輯推理能力。上一句提到導(dǎo)致人們生氣的三個(gè)主要原因：triggering（觸發(fā)）events，personalitytraits（特征），ourassessmentofsituations，下面的幾段具體分析了這三個(gè)原因與生氣的關(guān)系。故該句應(yīng)該起承上啟下的作用，故F選項(xiàng)（如果我們愿意用批判性的目光來評估自己的話，那么了解這些原因?qū)刂莆覀兊膽嵟＃┏猩蠁⑾?，故選F。【17題詳解】考查上下文理解和邏輯推理能力。該空前面兩句提到引發(fā)憤怒的事件很多，例如：堵車，截止日期臨近，身體疼痛等。下一句提到：某件事會激發(fā)一個(gè)人的怒氣，但其他人卻不會為此而生氣的原因是由于個(gè)人的歷史和心理特征。該空承上啟下，應(yīng)當(dāng)提到某件事會使某些人生氣，但不會使別人生氣這個(gè)現(xiàn)象，故G選項(xiàng)（人們對這些事情的反應(yīng)不一樣，這就導(dǎo)致使一個(gè)人生氣的事情可能會讓另一個(gè)人生氣，也可能不會讓另一個(gè)人生氣。）承上啟下，故選G?！?8題詳解】考查上下文理解和邏輯推理能力。上一句提到：每個(gè)人都有自己心里不平衡的地方。那些比較好強(qiáng)，氣量比較小的人更容易生氣。下一句提到：而且，有時(shí)候，preanger并不一定是一種持久的狀態(tài)，而是一種觸發(fā)事件發(fā)生前的暫時(shí)狀態(tài)。該空承上啟下，既要提到上一句中的那些性格特征，又要提到下一句中的preanger，故Havingthesepersonalitytraitsimpliesthepreangerstate,whereangerisinthebackgroundofyourmind.（擁有這些個(gè)性特征意味著憤怒之前的狀態(tài)，憤怒就在你的大腦背景中。）承上啟下，故選E?！?9題詳解】考查上下文理解和邏輯推理能力。下一句提到：有時(shí)候，甚至常規(guī)性的事件也會變成preanger或惱怒的來源。有時(shí)候?qū)@些情況的無知和負(fù)面觀點(diǎn)會產(chǎn)生憤怒。該空位于段首，引出下文，故A選項(xiàng)（我們的對情況的態(tài)度和看法也會在我們內(nèi)心產(chǎn)生憤怒。）是本段的主題句，概括全段內(nèi)容，故選A?！?0題詳解】考查上下文理解和邏輯推理能力。下一句提到：但是生氣很容易轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楸┝?，所以最好了解一下憤怒的原因來阻止它的存在。該句和上一句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，結(jié)合剩余選項(xiàng)可知，D選項(xiàng)（憤怒是一種特別強(qiáng)烈的感情，或許人們認(rèn)為他們有理由生氣。）和下文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選D。點(diǎn)睛：七選五解題策略之一：詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)包括原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)和同反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，及正確選項(xiàng)和空格前后句子有相同的詞或同反義詞相互呼應(yīng)。抓住這些復(fù)現(xiàn)線索，題目自然迎刃而解。在第一小題中，空前的themainreasons和G選項(xiàng)中的thesereasons屬于原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。第二小題空前文提到的trigger，G選項(xiàng)中的trigger，和空后一句中的trigger也屬于原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Perhapsyou’veheardtheoldsaying“curiositykilledthecat.”It’saphrasethat’softenusedto___21___people—especiallychildren—nottoasktoomanyquestions.Yetit’swidelyagreedthat___22___actuallymakeslearningmoreenjoyableandeffective.___23___researchhasshownthatcuriosityisjustasimportantasintelligencein___24___howwellstudentsdoinschool.Curiosityalso___25___ustoembraceunfamiliarcircumstances,bringsexcitementintoourlives,andopensupnewpossibilities.Beingcuriousrequiresustobebothhumbleenoughtoknowwedon’thavealltheanswers,andbraveenoughto___26___it.Askingthequestionsthathelpus___27___thegapbetweenwhatwealreadyknowandwhatwe’dliketoknowcanleadustomakeunexpecteddiscoveries.Inscience,basiccuriositydrivenresearc—conductedwithoutpressuretoproduceimmediatepracticalresults—canhave___28___andincrediblyimportantbenefits.___29___,onedayin1831,MichaelFaradaywasplayingaroundwithacoil(線圈)andamagnet(磁鐵)___30___hesuddenlysawhowhecouldgenerateanelectricalcurrent.Atfirst,itwasn’tclearwhatusethiswouldhave,butitactuallymade___31___availableforuseintechnology,andsochangedtheworld.Unsurprisingly,therearechemicalandevolutionarytheoriesto___32___whyhumansaresuchcuriouscreatures.Whenwebeecurious,ourbrains___33___achemicalcalleddopamine(多巴胺),whichmakestheprocessoflearningmorepleasurableandimprovesmemory.Itisstillnotknownwhylearninggivesussuch___34___butonetheoryisthatwemayhavedevelopedabasicneedtofightuncertainty—themoreweunderstandabouttheworldaroundus,themore___35___wearetosurviveitsmanydangers!21.A.warn B.scold C.beg D.order22.A.creativity B.intelligence C.curiosity D.imagination23.A.Asaresult B.Inturn C.Inaddition D.Infact24.A.checking B.determining C.discovering D.describing25.A.allows B.requires C.convinces D.reminds26.A.know B.deny C.admit D.report27.A.ignore B.bridge C.widen D.identify28.A.unfamiliar B.unnecessary C.unexpected D.uncertain29.A.Forexample B.Inreturn C.Foronething D.Asaconsequence30.A.then B.as C.while D.when31.A.fuel B.electricity C.magnet D.energy32.A.prove B.indicate C.explain D.evaluate33A.release B.reduce C.reproduce D.refresh34.A.fort B.pleasure C.relaxation D.pain35.A.possible B.potential C.definite D.likely【答案】21.A22.C23.D24.B25.A26.C27.B28.C29.A30.D31.B32.C33.A34.B35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了好奇心對學(xué)習(xí)和個(gè)人成長的重要性及其科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)。【21題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這是一個(gè)習(xí)語，常被用來警告人們，特別是孩子，不要問太多的問題。A.warn警告；B.scold責(zé)備；C.beg懇求；D.order命令。根據(jù)后文“people—especiallychildren—nottoasktoomanyquestions”可知，這是對人們，特別是對孩子的警告。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，人們普遍認(rèn)為好奇心實(shí)際上使學(xué)習(xí)更加愉快和有效。A.creativity創(chuàng)造力；B.intelligence智力；C.curiosity好奇心；D.imagination想象力。根據(jù)后文“curiosityisjustasimportantasintelligence”可知，這里討論的是好奇心對學(xué)習(xí)的影響。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：事實(shí)上，研究表明好奇心在決定學(xué)生在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)如何方面與智力一樣重要。A.Asaresult因此；B.Inturn依次，輪流；反過來；C.Inaddition此外；D.Infact事實(shí)上。根據(jù)后文“researchhasshownthat”可知，研究已經(jīng)表明好奇心的重要性，此處表示“事實(shí)上”。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：事實(shí)上，研究表明好奇心在決定學(xué)生在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)如何方面與智力一樣重要。A.checking檢查；B.determining決定；C.discovering發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.describing描述。根據(jù)前文“curiosityisjustasimportantasintelligence”及后文“howwellstudentsdoinschool”可知，此處指好奇心在決定學(xué)生在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)如何方面很重要。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：好奇心也讓我們欣然接受陌生的環(huán)境，給我們的生活帶來興奮，并打開新的可能性。A.allows允許；B.requires要求；C.convinces說服；使信服；D.reminds提醒。根據(jù)句意及后文“ustoembraceunfamiliarcircumstances”可知，此處指好奇心讓我們接受陌生的環(huán)境。allowsbtodosth意為“允許某人做某事”。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：有好奇心要求我們既要足夠謙遜，知道自己并非無所不知，又要足夠勇敢去承認(rèn)這一點(diǎn)。A.know知道；B.deny否認(rèn)；C.admit承認(rèn)；D.report報(bào)告。根據(jù)句意及前文“humbleenoughtoknowwedon’thavealltheanswers”可知，此處指足夠勇敢去承認(rèn)自己有所不知。故選C?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：問那些能幫助我們彌合已知與想知之間差距的問題，可以讓我們做出意想不到的發(fā)現(xiàn)。A.ignore忽視；B.bridge彌合；C.widen加寬；D.identify識別。根據(jù)句意及后文“thegapbetweenwhatwealreadyknowandwhatwe’dliketoknow”可知，此處指彌合已知與想知之間的差距，通過提問來填補(bǔ)知識空白。bridgethegap意為“彌合差距”。故選B?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域，基于基本好奇心的研究——在沒有壓力要求產(chǎn)生即時(shí)實(shí)際結(jié)果的情況下進(jìn)行——可以帶來意想不到且極其重要的好處。A.unfamiliar不熟悉的；B.unnecessary不必要的；C.unexpected意想不到的；D.uncertain不確定的。根據(jù)句意及后文“incredibly(難以置信地)”可知，空格處表達(dá)的意思和incredibly相近，表示基礎(chǔ)研究的結(jié)果可能有意想不到的好處。故選C?！?9題詳解】考查短語辨析。句意：例如，1831年的一天，邁克爾·法拉第在玩一個(gè)線圈和一個(gè)磁鐵時(shí)，他突然看到了如何產(chǎn)生電流。A.Forexample例如；B.Inreturn作為回報(bào)；C.Foronething一方面；D.Asaconsequence因此。根據(jù)句意及后文舉例“

onedayin1831,MichaelFaradaywasplayingaroundwithacoil(線圈)andamagnet(磁鐵)

10

hesuddenlysawhowhecouldgenerateanelectricalcurrent.”可知，此處舉例說明前文的觀點(diǎn)。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查連詞辨析。句意：例如，1831年的一天，邁克爾·法拉第在玩一個(gè)線圈和一個(gè)磁鐵時(shí)，他突然看到了如何產(chǎn)生電流。A.then然后；B.as當(dāng)……時(shí)(強(qiáng)調(diào)主從句動作同時(shí)發(fā)生)；C.while當(dāng)……時(shí)(強(qiáng)調(diào)主句動作在從句動作進(jìn)行的過程中)；D.when當(dāng)……時(shí)(表示某一時(shí)間點(diǎn))。根據(jù)前文“wasplaying”可知，應(yīng)用固定句型wasdoingsthwhen...(正在做某事突然……)。故選D。【31題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：起初，還不清楚這項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)有何用途，但它實(shí)際上為技術(shù)在電力方面的應(yīng)用提供了可能，從而改變了世界。A.fuel燃料；B.electricity電力；C.magnet磁鐵；D.energy能量。根據(jù)句意及前文“generateanelectricalcurrent”可知，此處指法拉第的發(fā)現(xiàn)與電力的應(yīng)用有關(guān)。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：毫不奇怪，有化學(xué)和進(jìn)化論來解釋為什么人類是如此好奇的生物。A.prove證明；B.indicate表明；C.explain解釋；D.evaluate評估。根據(jù)句意及后文“whyhumansaresuchcuriouscreatures”可知，此處指的是理論試圖解釋好奇心的原因。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我們感到好奇時(shí)，我們的大腦會釋放一種叫做多巴胺的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，這使學(xué)習(xí)過程更加愉快，并改善記憶。A.release釋放；B.reduce減少；C.reproduce繁殖，復(fù)制；D.refresh刷新。根據(jù)句意及后文“achemicalcalleddopamine”可知，此處指大腦釋放多巴胺。故選A。【34題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：為什么學(xué)習(xí)會給我們帶來如此多的快樂仍然不清楚，但有一種理論是，我們可能已經(jīng)發(fā)展出了一種對抗不確定性的基本需求——我們對周圍世界的了解越多，就越有可能在應(yīng)對其眾多危險(xiǎn)中生存下來！A.fort安慰，舒適；B.pleasure快樂；C.relaxation放松；D.pain痛苦。根據(jù)句意及前文“whichmakestheprocessoflearningmorepleasurableandimprovesmemory”可知，此處指學(xué)習(xí)帶來的正面情緒，給我們帶來如此多的快樂。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：為什么學(xué)習(xí)會給我們帶來如此多的快樂仍然不清楚，但有一種理論是，我們可能已經(jīng)發(fā)展出了一種對抗不確定性的基本需求——我們對周圍世界的了解越多，就越有可能在應(yīng)對其眾多危險(xiǎn)中生存下來！A.possible可能的；B.potential潛在的；C.definite確定的；D.likely可能的。根據(jù)句意及后文“wearetosurviveitsmanydangers”可知，此處表示指的是可能性增加，且sb.belikelytodosth為固定搭配，意為“某人可能做某事”。故選D。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。EasyWaystoBuildVocabularyIt’snotallthathardtobuildanadvancedandlargevocabulary.Likemanythingsinlife,it’s___36___ongoingprocess,andthebestpartoftheproces