PAGEUnit2Theuniversallanguage動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語和賓語[視察例句]視察下列例句，體會(huì)其黑體部分的語法功能1．Learningtounderstandandsharethevaluesystemofawholesocietycannotbeachievedjustinthehome. 作主語2．Takingexerciseeverymorninghelpsmakeonehealthy. 作主語3．IconsiderwaitingabitlongerbeforeIgiveup. 作賓語4．Ican'timaginemarryingsuchawoman. 作賓語5．IkeptstudyingEnglishfor1houryesterdayevening. 作賓語[歸納用法]1．動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(1)往往表示常常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Swimmingismyfavouritesport.游泳是我最喜愛的一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。Collectingstampsishishobby.集郵是他的愛好。[名師點(diǎn)津]動(dòng)詞-ing形式和不定式都可以作主語。動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語表示一般或抽象的多次行為，不定式作主語往往表示詳細(xì)的或一次性的動(dòng)作。作賓語時(shí)也是如此。Playingwithfireisdangerous.玩火危急。(泛指)Becareful！Toplaywithfirewillbedangerous.當(dāng)心點(diǎn)！玩火會(huì)帶來危急。(指一詳細(xì)動(dòng)作)(2)在Itisnouse/nogood/useless/worthwhile/dangerous/awasteoftime/fun等后需用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作真正的主語，句首的it是形式主語。It'snousewaitingforhimanylonger.再等他是沒有用的。It'sawasteoftimearguingaboutit.爭(zhēng)辯此事就是奢侈時(shí)間。(3)當(dāng)句型“Thereisno...”表示“不允許、禁止某種行為的發(fā)生或存在”時(shí)，需用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語。Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.這種事開不得玩笑。[即學(xué)即練1]單句語法填空①Going(go)tobedearlyandgettingupearlyisconsideredtobeagoodhabit.②Itisnousecomplaining(complain);thecompanywon'tdoanythingaboutit.③Itisworthmaking(make)anappointmentbeforeyougo.2．動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(1)作動(dòng)詞的賓語。下面的口訣能幫你記住可接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語的常見動(dòng)詞：避開錯(cuò)過少延期(avoid，miss，postpone)建議完成多練習(xí)(advise，finish，practise)喜愛想象禁不住(enjoy，imagine，can'thelp)承認(rèn)否定與嫉妒(admit，deny，envy)躲避冒險(xiǎn)莫寬恕(escape，risk，excuse)忍受保持不介意(stand，keep，mind)Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?你介意打開窗子嗎？(2)英語中有一些動(dòng)詞短語后也常跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語。常見的這類動(dòng)詞短語有insiston，objectto，begoodat，leadto，putoff，giveup，lookforwardto，feellike，devoteto，getusedto，payattentionto，beworth，dreamof等。Heinsistedondoingitinhisownway.他堅(jiān)持要根據(jù)自己的方法做這件事。Ihaveneverdreamedofvisitingthatplace.我從未幻想過要參觀那個(gè)地方。(3)有些動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語后跟動(dòng)名詞或不定式都可以，但意思不同。eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(stoptodosth.停下來要去做某事,stopdoingsth.停止做某事))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(meantodosth.想要做某事,meandoingsth.意味著做某事))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(trytodosth.努力/企圖做某事,trydoingsth.試著做某事))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(beafraidtodosth.不敢去做某事,beafraidofdoingsth.膽怯 發(fā)生……))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(rememberdoingsth.記得做了某事,remembertodosth.記住要去做某事))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(forgetdoingsth.遺忘做了某事,forgettodosth.遺忘要去做某事))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(regretdoingsth.懊悔做了某事,regrettodosth.缺憾要去做某事))(4)下列動(dòng)詞可接動(dòng)詞-ing的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，相當(dāng)于不定式的被動(dòng)形式。need/want/require/deservedoing＝need/want/require/deservetobedone。Thebikeneedseq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(repairing.,toberepaired.))這輛自行車須要修一下。3．動(dòng)詞-ing的邏輯主語及復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)要明確指出動(dòng)詞-ing所表示的動(dòng)作由誰發(fā)出時(shí)，須在動(dòng)詞-ing之前加上形容詞性的物主代詞或名詞全部格，這樣就構(gòu)成了動(dòng)詞-ing的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。其中物主代詞(名詞全部格)是邏輯上的主語，動(dòng)詞-ing是邏輯上的謂語。動(dòng)詞-ing的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可作主語、賓語、表語等，分別相當(dāng)于一個(gè)主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句。Hercomingtohelpencouragedallofus.(＝Thatshecametohelpencouragedallofus.)她來幫忙鼓舞了我們?nèi)咳?。Wouldyoueverhaveimaginedhim/hisbecomingapolitician？(＝Wouldyoueverhaveimaginedthathewouldbecomeapolitician？)你怎能料想到他竟成政治家了。[即學(xué)即練2]單句語法填空①Prof.Smithconsideredgiving(give)hisstudentsareadinglistbeforetheystartedthenextchapter.②Whenhecamebackhomefromhisnightshift，Jasontriedtoavoidwaking(wake)hisfamily.③Jane'sbeing(be)carelesscausedsomuchtrouble.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Canyouimagineyourselfstaying(stay)inalonelyisland?2．Ican'tunderstandyourlaughing(laugh)atthatpoorchild.3．Shedidn'tmindworking(work)overtime.4．Tomakealiving，hetriedwriting(write)，buthefailedintheend.5．WearelookingforwardtoMary'scoming(come)．6．Beingexposed(expose)tothesunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoyourskin.7．Hiscoming(come)herewillgetusoutoftrouble.8．Beinginvited(invite)tothepartywasagreathonortothefamily.9．Itisnousecrying(cry)overspiltmilk.10．Itfeelsfunnyspeaking(speak)loudtotheaudience.Ⅱ.短文語法填空EverytimeImention1.taking(take)anexamathome，myparentscan'thelp2.exploring(explore)theresult,3.risking(risk)ruiningtheso-calledharmoniousatmosphere.Parentsarebusy4.winning(win)bread,devotingtheirheartandsoulto5.supporting(support)theirfamilies.Theylookforwardtotheirchildren's6.growing(grow)upbest.Unemploymentanddiseasearetheirbiggestthreatsandpressures.Whoarewillingtorisk7.losing(lose)theirjobs?Parentsandchildrenhavemuchdifficulty8