演講人：日期：艾滋病傳播途徑英文IntroductiontoHIVTransmissionSexualTransmissionofHIVBloodboneTransmissionofHIVOtherModesofHIVTransmissionDiagnosis,Treatment,andPreventionofHIV/AIDSConclusionandFuturePerspectives目錄01IntroductiontoHIVTransmissionHIVTransmissionreferstotheprocessbywhichtheHumanImmunologyVirus(HIV)istransmittedfromoneindividualtoanotherHIVisprimarilytransmittedthroughbodilyfluidssuchasblood,sex,vaginalsecrets,andbreastmilkThemostcommonmodesoftransmissionaresequentialcontact,bloodtobloodcontact,andfrommothertochildduringpregnancy,childbirth,orbreakfeedingDefinitionandOverviewUnderstandingtransmissionroutescanalsoreducesigmaanddiscriminationrewardspeoplelivingwithHIVUnderstandinghowHIVistransmittediscriticalforpreventingnewinfectionsKnowledgeaboutHIVtransmissioncanhelpindividualsmakeinformeddecisionsabouttheirsexualbehavioranddruguseImportanceofUnderstandingHIVTransmission01HIV/AIDShashadadebilitatingimpactonglobalhealth,affectingmillionsofpeopleworldwide02Theepisodehasdisproportionatelyaffectedpopulation,includingmenwhohavesexwithmen,peoplewhoinvestindrugs,sexworkers,andindividualsinlow-andmiddleencomecountries03HIV/AIDShasalsohadasignificanteconomicimpact,traininghealthcaresystemsandreducingproductivityduetoillnessanddeathGlobalImpactofHIV/AIDS02SexualTransmissionofHIVUnprotectedSequentialIntercourse010203UnprotectedVaginalIntercourse:HIVcanbetransmittedthroughunprotectedVaginalsex,especiallywhenthereisdirectcontactbetweenmucousmembersandmenorVaginalfluidsUnprotectedanalintercourse:AnalsexisahighriskactivityforHIVtransmissionduetotheinfrastructureoftheanalmucosaandthepresenceofbloodvesselsSequentialunprotectedintercoursewithmultiplepartners:EngaginginunprotectedsexwithmultiplepartnersincreasestheriskofHIVtransmissionasitexposesanindividualtoawiderrangeofpotentialinfectionsPresenceofothersexuallytransmittedinfections(STIs)HavinganotherSTIcanincreasetheriskofHIVtransmissionastheseinfectionscancausebreaksintheskinormucousmembranes,promotinganentrypointforthevirusUseofalcoholordrugsSubstanceusecanimprovejudgmentandleadtoriskysexualbehaviors,suchasunprotectedsexorhavingmultiplepartnersEngagingintransactionalsexTransactionalsex,suchassexwork,canincreasetheriskofHIVtransmissionduetotheexchangeofmoneyorgoodsforsex,whichmayinvolvemultiplepartnersandconsistentuseofprotectionRiskFactorsAssociatedwithSequalTransmissionConsistentandcorrectuseofCondomsCondomsprovideabarrierthatreducestheriskofHIVtransmissionduringsexItisimportanttouseconventionsconsistentlyandcorrectlyforallsexualactivitiesPreventionStrategiesforSexualTransmissionReducingthenumberofsexualpartnersLimitingthenumberofsexualpartnerscanreducetheriskofexposuretoHIVandotherSTIsGettingtestedforHIVandotherSTIs單擊此處添加正文，文字是您思想的提煉，為了最終呈現(xiàn)發(fā)布的想的提煉，為了最終呈現(xiàn)發(fā)布的良好良好效果，請(qǐng)盡量言簡(jiǎn)意賅的闡述觀點(diǎn)想的提煉，為了最終呈現(xiàn)發(fā)布的想的提煉，為了最終呈現(xiàn)發(fā)布的良好良好SeekingmedicalcareandtreatmentforSTIsIfyouhaveanSTI,seekingmedicalcareandtreatmentcanhelpreducetheriskofHIVtransmissionbyreducingthepresenceoftheinfectionandtheassociatedriskfactorsPreventionStrategiesforSexualTransmission03BloodboneTransmissionofHIVSharingNeedlesorSyringesInsomepartsoftheworld,unsafemedicalpracticessuchasreusingneedsorsymmetriesformultiplepatientscanspreadHIVUnsafeMedicalPracticesSharingneedsorsymmetrieswithsomeonewhoisinfectedwithHIVcantransmitthevirusdirectlyintothebloodstreamIntravenousDrugUsersUsinginjectiondrugs,evenonce,withsharedequipmentcanleadtoHIVtransmissionInjectionDrugUseBloodTransfusionReceivingbloodfromanaffecteddonorcantransmitHIVHowever,modernbloodscreeningpracticeshavegreatlyreducedthisriskOrganTransformationTransformingorganismsorissuesfromanHIVinfecteddonortoarecipientcantransmitthevirusStrictscreeningprocessesareinplacetominimizethisriskUnscreenedBloodProductsInsomepartsoftheworld,bloodproductsmaynotbescreenedforHIV,whichcanleadtotransmissionthroughtransferBloodTransfusionandOrganTransfusionDuringpregnancyHIVcanbetransmittedfromaninfectedmothertoherchildthroughtheplacentaDuringBirthHIVcanalsobetransmittedduringchildbirth,especiallyifthemotherhasahighviralloadorifthereareapplicationsduringdeliveryBreakfeedingHIVcanbetransmittedthroughbreakmilk,soitisrecommendedthatmotherswithHIVavoidbreakfeedingtoreducetheriskoftransmissiontotheirfansMothertoChildTransmission(MTCT)04OtherModesofHIVTransmission010203MothertoChildTransmissionHIVcanbetransmittedfromaninfectedmothertoherchildduringpregnancy,childbirth(permanentperiod),orbreakfeedingThisisknownasverticaltransmissionRiskFactorsFactorsthatincreasetheriskofpermanenttransmissionincludehighviralloadinthemother'sblood,lakeofantenatalcare,anddeliverythroughinvasiveproceduresPreventionPreventivemeasuresincludetheuseofantiviraltherapy(ART)bythemotherduringpregnancyandchildbirth,avoidanceofbreakfast,andselectivecesareansectioninsomecasesPerinalExposureBreakmilkcantransmitHIVfromaninfectedmothertoherchildTheriskishighestwhenthemotherhasahighviralloadoruntreatedHIVinfectionInresourcelimitedsettingswherereplacementfeedingisnotanoption,safebreakfeedingpracticessuchasexclusivebreakfeedingforthefirstsixmonthscanreducetheriskoftransmissionWhensafebreakfeedingisnotpossible,alternativefeedingoptionssuchasformulamilkorothersuitablefoodsshouldbeprovidedRiskofTransmissionSafeBreakfeedingPracticesAlternativeFeedingOptionsBreakfeedingRiskofTransmissionHealthcareworkersandotherindividualswhocomeintocontactwithbloodorotherbodilyfluidsofHIVaffectedindividualsareatriskofoccupationalexposurePreventiveMeasuresPreventivemeasuresincludetheuseofpersonalprotectiveequipment(PPE)suchasgloves,gowns,andeyeprotectionwhenhandlingbloodorotherbodilyfluidsPostExposureProphylaxis(PEP)Intheeventofanexposure,PEPshouldbeinitiatedimmediatelytoreducetheriskofHIVtransmissionPEPinvestmentstakingantiviralmedicinesforaspecifiedperiodafterexposureOccupationalExposuretoInfectedBlood05Diagnosis,Treatment,andPreventionofHIV/AIDS要點(diǎn)三DiagnosticCriteriaThediagnosisofHIVistypicallymadethroughacombinationofclinicalsymptoms,laboratorytests,andathroughmedicalhistory0102TypesofTestsThereareseveraltypesoftestsusedtodiagnoseHIV,includingantibodytests,antigen/bodycombinationtests,andnuclearacidtests(NATs)TestingRecommendationsItisrecommendedthateveryonebetweentheagesof13and64gettestedforHIVatleastonceaspartofroutinehealthcareThatathigherriskshouldbetestedmorefrequently03DiagnosisandTestingforHIVAntiviralTherapy(ART):ARTinvolvestheuseofacombinationofdrugstosuppressthereplicationofHIVinthebody,whilereducingtheamountofvirusinthebloodandallowingtheimmunesystemtorecoverTypesofARTDrugs:ThereareseveralclassesofARTdrugs,includingnucleosidereversetranscriptaseinhibitors(NRTIs),nonnucleosidereversetranscriptaseinhibitors(NNRTIs),productinhibitors(PIs),integratedinhibitors,andentryinhibitorsAdhesiontoTreatment:ItiscriticalforindividualswithHIVtoadaptstrictlytotheirtreatmentregimeinordertoachieveoptimalresultsandpreventthedevelopmentofdrugresistanceTreatmentOptionsforHIV/AIDSCommunitybasedPreventionCommunitybasedpreventionstrategiesfocusonreducingtheriskofHIVtransmissionwithincommunitiesbyincreasingawareness,promotingsafepractices,andprovidingaccesstotestingandtreatmentservicesStructuralInterventionsStructuralinterventionsaddresstheunderlyingsocial,economic,andenvironmentalfactorsthatincreasethevulnerabilityofindividualsandcommunitiestoHIVinfectionCombinationPreventionApproachesCombinationpreventionapproachesinvolvetheuseofmultiplestrategiestopreventthetransmissionofHIV,includingbehavioral,biological,andstructuralinterventionsPreventionStrategiesBeyondIndividualLevel06ConclusionandFuturePerspectivesAIDSistransmittedprimarilythroughsexualcontact,blood,andfrommothertochildduringpregnancy,childbirth,orbreakfeedingPreventioneffortsshouldfocusonreducinghighriskbehaviors,increasingaccesstotestingandtreatment,andpromotingawarenessandeducationTheglobalresponsetoHIV/AIDShasmadesignificantprogress,buttherearestillchallengesincombattingtheepidemicSummaryof