考查點(diǎn)全國(guó)新高考卷全國(guó)卷命題分析202220212020202220212020限制性定語從句卷I65題（that）浙江高考1,57題卷I，39題卷II，40題卷I，63題卷III，61題定語從句是近幾年高考的考查熱點(diǎn)，主要考查：1、關(guān)系代詞that、which、who、as以及關(guān)系副詞when、where的正確使用。2、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)介詞或關(guān)系代詞的選用等。非限制性定語從句甲卷62題（who）考點(diǎn)1、關(guān)系代詞法分考點(diǎn)1.關(guān)系代詞的用法①、who用于指人，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。Hisson,age15,whohadtakenanartappreciationclass,thoughtthattherewassomethingunusualabouttheonewithayounggirlsittingonagardenchair.他15歲的兒子曾上過藝術(shù)欣賞課，他認(rèn)為一位年輕女孩坐在花園椅子上的那幅畫不同尋常。（作主語）②、whom用于指人，在定語從句中作賓語，可用who代替;但是,若從句中的介詞提到關(guān)系代詞前，只能用whom直接跟在介詞后作賓語,，不可用who代替。Inourclassthereare48students,halfofwhomaregirls.我們班有48名學(xué)生，其中有一半是女生。(作賓語)③、which用于指物，在從句中作主語或賓語。Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudentswhichallowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.在為學(xué)生營(yíng)造自由交流的氛圍這方面，她很有天賦。(作主語)④、that既可指人又可指物,指人時(shí)通?？膳cwho,whom互換,指物時(shí)通?？膳cwhich互換。在從句中作主語、賓語或表語。Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhousesthatarebuiltclosetoeachother.這個(gè)古老的小鎮(zhèn)有狹窄的街道和建造得彼此靠得很近的小房子。(作主語)Somepeopleregisteralistofthingsthattheywantorneedfortheirnewhomeatalocalstoreorstores.有些人會(huì)在當(dāng)?shù)氐募一蚨嗉疑痰昀餅樗麄兊男录业怯浰麄兿胍蛐枰臇|西清單。⑤、whose表示所屬關(guān)系,既可指人又可指物,在定語從句中作定語。指物時(shí)相當(dāng)于ofwhich；指人時(shí)相當(dāng)于ofwhom。Dr.Rowan,whosesecretaryresignedtwoweeksago,hashadtodoallhisowntyping.恩博士的秘書兩周前辭職了,他只能自己做所有的打字工作。⑥、as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，作關(guān)系代詞，既可指人又可指物,在從句中作主語、賓語、表語。常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu):①such+名詞+as…,意為像……一樣的；像……之類的”;②such(+代詞+as)意為“像……一樣的；像……之類的”；③thesame(+名詞+)as…,意為“和……一樣的”。Heissuchamanasisalwaysreadytohelpothers..他是一個(gè)Ihavethesamebookasyou(have).我有一本和你的as,樣的書。引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,先行詞為整個(gè)主句或主句中的一部分,意為“正如;Asheoftendid,hestoppedbythe“afterworkauction'runbytheItalianpolicewherethingsfoundonthetrainsweresoldtothehighestbidder..像往常一樣,他順便去了由意大利警方經(jīng)營(yíng)的“下班后拍賣”,在像”?；疖嚿习l(fā)現(xiàn)的東西會(huì)在這個(gè)拍賣會(huì)上賣給出價(jià)最高的競(jìng)標(biāo)人。(作賓語)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語時(shí)一般可省略，但其前有介詞時(shí)般不可省略。分考點(diǎn)2關(guān)系代詞that和which的特殊用Point1限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞只用that不用which的情況。(1)、先行詞是不定代詞all,few,little,much,none,something,everything,nothing,anything等時(shí)?！馎llthatwehavetodonowistopracticeEnglish.現(xiàn)在我們不得不做的就是練習(xí)英語?！馡refusetoaccepttheblameforsomethingthatwassomeoneelse'sfault.我拒絕接受因別人的錯(cuò)誤而對(duì)我進(jìn)行的指責(zé)。(2)、先行詞被theonly,thevery,thelast,thesame,theright,all,any,every,each,few,little,no，some等詞修飾時(shí)。●ItistheverybookthatIwanttoread.它正是我想讀的書。●Pleasesendusalltheinformationthatyouhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.請(qǐng)把你所掌握的有關(guān)這個(gè)職位的候選人的所有信息發(fā)給我們。【特別注意】先行詞被thesame修飾時(shí)，如果表示同一事物，應(yīng)用thesame...that；但如果表示相同種類的事物，則用thesame...as?！馮hisisthesamepenthatIusedyesterday.這就是我昨天用的那支鋼筆。(that表示同一支鋼筆)●ThisisthesamepenasIusedyesterday.這支鋼筆和我昨天用的那支一樣。(as表示同類的鋼筆)(3)、先行詞是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)，或被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)?！馮hefirstletterthatIgetfromhimwillbekept.我收到的他的第一封來信將被保存起來●Thisisthebest（way）thatisusedtosolvetheproblem.這是用來解決這個(gè)問題的最好辦法(4)、先行詞既有表示人又有表示物的名詞時(shí)?！馭hetookphotographsofthethingsandpeoplethatshewasinterestedin..她把她所感興趣的人和物拍攝下來。(5)、先行詞是主句的表語,或關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語時(shí)?！馭henzhenisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.深圳不再是過去的那個(gè)樣子了●Theschoolisquitedifferentfromtheonethatitusedtobe.這所學(xué)校已經(jīng)與從前截然不同了。(6)、當(dāng)主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)?！馱hoisthemanthatisgivingustheclass?給我們上課的那個(gè)人是誰?●Whichofthebooksistheonethatbelongstoyou?這些書中哪一本是你的?(7)有兩個(gè)定語從句時(shí)，如果一個(gè)從句用which引導(dǎo)，則另一個(gè)從句用that引導(dǎo)。●Theybuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.他們建了一個(gè)工廠，這個(gè)工廠生產(chǎn)的東西人們以前從未見過。(8)、主句是therebe句型，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語時(shí)，如果先行詞指物、用that，不用which；如果先行詞指人,常用who引導(dǎo)定語從句。●Thereisaroominthebuildingthatisstillfree.在這個(gè)大廈中,還有一個(gè)房間空著?！馮hereisagirlwhowantstoseeyou.一個(gè)女孩想見你。Point2當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí),定語從句中關(guān)系代詞只用which不用that的情況(1)、引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，只用which,不用that?！馎coinisputintothecake,whichsignifiessuccessintheNewYearforthepersonwhoreceivesit.往蛋糕里放一枚硬幣，這表示收到這塊有硬幣的蛋糕的人在新的一年里會(huì)取得成功。(2)、關(guān)系代詞指物，且其前有介詞時(shí)，只用which，不用that。●Protectingthemountainforestsinwhichgiantpandaslivehasbeengoodformanyotheranimals.保護(hù)大熊貓所生活的山地森林對(duì)許多其他動(dòng)物是有益的。(3)、先行詞本身是that時(shí)，只用which。●Whatisthatwhichyouhavestuffedintotheplasticcup.你剛才塞進(jìn)塑料杯里的是什么東西分考點(diǎn)3關(guān)系代詞as和which的區(qū)別as與which均可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞為整個(gè)主句或主句中的一部分內(nèi)容,可在從句中作主語、賓語或表語，兩者均不可省略。Point1as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，既可放在主句前，又可放在主句后，有時(shí)還可插人主句中，而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能置于主句后?！馎sweknow,Shakespeareisafamouswriter.正如我們所知,莎土比亞是一位著名的作家?！馎ftergraduatingfromcollege,Itooksometimeofftogotraveling,whichturnedouttobeawisedecision.大學(xué)畢業(yè)以后,我抽出了些時(shí)間去旅行,后來證明這是個(gè)明智的決定。Point2as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，as引導(dǎo)的從句表達(dá)說話人的觀點(diǎn)、看法，并指出主句內(nèi)容的根據(jù)或出處，意為“正如”;；which意為“這一點(diǎn)”，引導(dǎo)的從句在意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列分句，補(bǔ)充說明事物的狀態(tài)或結(jié)果。●Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.正如我們所知,吸煙有害健康?！馩nenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentofanimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeepingtabsonmorethan2,000productionsthisyear.負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)督動(dòng)物在電影行業(yè)中是怎樣被對(duì)待的一個(gè)非營(yíng)利組織今年正在密切關(guān)注2,000多部作品的制作。Point3當(dāng)指代先行詞的關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語且從句為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，常用as引導(dǎo)，常用結(jié)構(gòu)有：asiswell--known/knowntoall眾所周知asisexpected/reported/announced正如所預(yù)料/報(bào)道/公布的那樣ashasbeensaidbefore正如前面所述asismentionedabove正如上面提到的但如果從句為主動(dòng)語態(tài)，一般用which作主語?！馠ewonfirstprize,asisexpected.正如預(yù)料的那樣，他得了一等獎(jiǎng)?！咎貏e注意】as的習(xí)慣用語:asisoftenthecase…是常有的事●Thereisnosimpleanswer,asisoftenthecaseinscience.科學(xué)中沒有簡(jiǎn)單的答案,這是常有的事分考點(diǎn)4“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的用法Point1“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，介詞的賓語只能用which或whom，且不能省略?！馭hestillremembersthedayonwhichshewontheprize.她仍然記得她獲獎(jiǎng)的那一天?！馮hemanwithwhomsheenteredthehallwasherhusband.和她一起走進(jìn)大廳的那位男士是她的丈夫。【特別注意】(1)、在限制性定語從句中，若介詞不提前，位于定語從句的末尾時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞that/which/who/whom作介詞的賓語時(shí)可以省略?！馮hisistheboy(that/whom/who)hisparentsareproudof.這就是他父母引以為豪的那個(gè)男孩。●Thisisthepen(that/which)Iwrotemyhomeworkwith.這就是我寫作業(yè)用的那支鋼筆。(2)、在非限制性定語從句中，“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”中的介詞不能移到從句的后面?！練w納總結(jié)】“介詞+which/whom”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中介詞的確定：①、根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞、形容詞等與介詞的習(xí)慣搭配來確定●Doyouknowthegirlwith/towhomtheteachertalkedjustnow?你認(rèn)識(shí)剛才和老師談話的那個(gè)女孩嗎?(talk作“交談”講時(shí)，常與with或to搭配)②、根據(jù)語意表達(dá)的需要來確定?！馣nowledgeisthewingswithwhichwerealizeourdreams.知識(shí)是我們借以實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想的翅膀。(with表示用某種手段、工具)Point2“介詞短語+關(guān)系代詞which'"結(jié)構(gòu)在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí)，從句常用倒裝語序?！馠eisstudyingintheclassroomnow,infrontofwhichstandtwotrees.他現(xiàn)在正在那間教室里學(xué)習(xí)，教室前面有兩棵樹。Point3“介詞+which+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語從句。常見的這類結(jié)構(gòu)有:duringwhichtime在此期間atwhichtime在這時(shí)atwhichpoint在這一時(shí)刻forwhichreason由于這個(gè)原因inwhichcase在這一情況●Motherispreparinglunch,duringwhichtimechildrenareplayingoutside.媽媽在準(zhǔn)備午餐,在此期間,孩子們?cè)谕饷嫱??！馠emaywinthecompetition,inwhichcaseheislikelytogetintothenationalteam.他可能會(huì)贏得這場(chǎng)比賽，那樣的話，他就有可能進(jìn)入國(guó)家隊(duì)。Point4“the+名詞+ofwhich/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語從句，一般為非限制性定語從句。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞和后面的關(guān)系代詞為所屬關(guān)系?！馮henewly-builtcafe,thewallsofwhicharepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,especiallyafterhardwork.建成的咖啡館,墻被刷成了淺綠色，對(duì)我們來說，真是一個(gè)安靜的去處，特別是在辛苦工作后。Point5表示全部或部分的詞語+ofwhich/whom結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語從句。常見的表示部分的詞或結(jié)構(gòu)有：不定代詞(all,both,none,some,most,several等)；數(shù)詞(基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞、百分?jǐn)?shù)、分?jǐn)?shù))；the+形容詞最高級(jí)/比較級(jí)?！馮hegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,mostofwhicharebeyondourcontrol.植物的生長(zhǎng)速度受很多因素的影響，其中大部分因素是我們無法控制的。●Johninvitedabout40peopletohiswedding,mostofwhomarefamilymembers.約翰邀請(qǐng)了大約40人參加他的婚禮，其中大部分是家族成員?？键c(diǎn)2關(guān)系副詞當(dāng)關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作狀語時(shí)，要用關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系副詞有時(shí)可以用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”替換。Point1關(guān)系副詞when指時(shí)間，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語，相當(dāng)于“表示時(shí)間的介詞(in,at,on,during等)+which”●Helivedinthetimeswhen（=inwhich）theblindcouldn'tgetmucheducation.在他生活的那個(gè)時(shí)代，盲人沒受過多少教育。●Thedaysaregonewhen（=duringwhich)physicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.完全靠體力謀生的時(shí)代已經(jīng)一去不復(fù)返了。Point2關(guān)系副詞where指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，相當(dāng)于“表示地點(diǎn)的介詞(in,at,on,under等)+which'”●Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,where(=atwhich)weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.我和朋友一起登上了山頂,在那里我們欣賞到了壯麗的湖光美景。●Manyofthesebagsendupintheoceanwhere(=inwhich)largeronescantrapseacreatures,suchasturtlesanddolphins.這些袋子中很多的最終歸宿是大海,在那里，大一些的袋子會(huì)困住海洋生物，如海龜和海豚?！咎貏e注意】若先行詞為一些表示地點(diǎn)的抽象名詞，如situation,point,stage,position等，且引詞在從句中作狀語，則常用關(guān)系副詞where或“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句。如果引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語、賓語或表語，則用關(guān)系代詞that/which引導(dǎo)。●Ihavecometothepointwhere（=atwhich）Ican'tstandhim.我已經(jīng)到了無法容忍他的地步。●He'sgotintothesituationwhere（=inwhich）heisindebt.他已經(jīng)陷入負(fù)債累累的境地?！馎tlasthegottheposition（that/which)hehadbeendreamingof.他最終得到了他夢(mèng)寐以求的那個(gè)職位。Point3關(guān)系副詞why指原因,在定語從句中作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于forwhich.●Isthisthereasonwhy（=forwhich）herefusedouroffer?這就是他拒絕我們的提議的理由嗎?●Doyouknowthereasonwhy（=forwhich）hedidn'tattendthemeeting?你知道他沒參加會(huì)議的原因嗎?1、（2022年全國(guó)高考甲卷）Onthe1,100.Kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,______losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovince.（2022年全國(guó)新高考I卷）TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies________livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.3、【2020年全國(guó)新高考I卷】The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum__________openedin17594、【2020年全國(guó)高考I卷】Becausethemoon''sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot______itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.5、【2020年全國(guó)高考Ⅲ卷】InancientChinalivedanartist________paintingswerealmostlifelike.1．Butlikeanyonefor________youfeelaffection,customerscanalsodriveyoumad.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）2．Theyrushedovertohelptheman__________carhadbrokendown.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)3．Thehousein__________LuXunoncelivedisamuseumnow.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)4．Astudyshowsthestudentswhojoininafter-schoolactivitiesarehappierthanthose__________arenot.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)5．ThiswasMary’skitchen________thebigfirebrokeout.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）6．Thereason________IwillfailtogowithyouisthatIhadmyleftfootinjuredtheotherday.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）7．Inthestrangecity,therewasn’tasingleperson________whomshecouldturnforhelp.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)8．Haveyousentthank-younotestotherelativesfrom________youreceivedgifts?（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）9．Thefamouswriterandhisworks________theradiobroadcasthavearousedgreatinterestamongthestudents.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）10．MrBlackwouldneverforgettheday________hejoinedthearmy.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）11．Lifeislikearace________weallcompetewithourselvesagainsttime.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）12．Thereweremanyfansinthesocialmedia________expressedtheirsadnessoverJinYong’sdeath.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）13．Theyexplainedthewaytous_________cangreatlyreduceenergywaste.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）14．Thepicturealwaysremindsmeofthemoments_________wespenttogetherinthehighschool.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）15．Paul’sfrienddidn’tknowtherealreason_________whichhelookedsosadtoday.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)16．Thiswasaperiod_________weChinesewentthroughalotofsufferings.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)17．Iwillneverforgetthescene_________yourisked(冒險(xiǎn))yourlifetosavetheinjured.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)18．Gonearethedays________surgerymeantcuttingapatientopen.Modernmedicineoffersdoctorslessinvasivetoolstooperateondisease-strickenbodies.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）19．Inadditiontothistraditionalmedicaltreatment,hetriedtoputhimselfinsituations________wouldbringaboutpositiveemotions.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）20．Thetrainranovertoaboyandhisdog________werejustcrossingthetrack.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）21．IhavebeenreadingCommonwealthbyAnnPatchettrecently.Ithinkitisthemostinterestingbook________Ihaveeverread.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）22．Itwasinthesmallhouse________wasbuiltwithstonesthathespenthischildhood.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）23．Ifyouwanttolearnthepianowell,all_______youhavetodoistopracticeeverydaywithcorrectmethods.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）24．Theytalkedaboutthethingsandpeople________theymetduringthetrip.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）25．Mygrandmotherlivedinageneration________womenwerelookeddownupon.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）26．Whetheryoulikeitornot,weliveinacommunity________onlinechattingisanimportantpartofcommunication.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）27．Thisrestauranthasaninviting,homelikeatmosphere________manyothersareshortof.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）28．Officialsofourcityareconsideringalaw________wouldrequirepetownerstoputmicrochipsintheiranimals.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）29．Inthefastmovinginformationage,teenagersshouldkeeppacewiththemediaenvironment________theycommunicatewiththeoutsideworld.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）30．AnalystsinChinasaytherearethreefactors________contributetothesuddenincreaseofbikes.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）31．Manyfarmsalsousechemicals________willkillinsectsinordertoprotecttheirplants.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）32．InancientChinalivedanartist________paintingswerealmostlifelike.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)33．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古·集寧二中三模）Shortspacetripswilldevelopfirst,thenthespacehotelswillgoaroundtheearth________itwillbepossibletohavealongervacation.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）34．（2022·山東·模擬預(yù)測(cè)語法填空）ThetaoraytaoraySpringSummer2020wasshownforthefirsttimeontheworldstageofNewYorkFashionWeek________traditionmetmodernity.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）35．（2015新課標(biāo)I卷）I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver_________arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinesepaintings.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)36．Thereason________hefailedisthathereliedonotherstoomuch.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)37．Aftergraduationshereachedapointinherlife________shehadtodecidewhattodo.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)38．Therearemanygo