2024年山東省聊城市高考英語二模試卷

一、閱讀理解：本大題共15小題，共37.5分。

A

Welcometothefascinatingworldofbooks!Whetheryouarealifelongbookwormoraretryingtodevelopalove

forreadinginyourlittleones,the2024MiamiBookFairisforyou.

WhenandWhereIstheFair?

Thismuch-lovedSouthFloridaeventwillbeheldfromMay12to18,2024attheMDCWolfsonCampusPlazain

DowntownMiami.Duringthisweek-longbookfeast,youwillfindagroupofeventsrunningfrommorningto

night.

WhattoExpectattheFair?

Thisyear,thefairwillfeaturemorethan400celebratedauthorsfromaroundtheworld.Therewillbearich

collectionofwritersandtheirworksofnonfiction,romances,children'sliterature,andalmosteveryothertype

underthesun.Forgreenwriters,it'saplacetoconnectwiththeirfavoriteeditors.Forbooklovers,it'san

opportunitytogetautographs（親筆簽名）frommanypopularauthorsandaskthemsomequestions.

IstheFairKid-Friendly?

Absolutely.Farfromaboringculturalevent,thisliteraryfestivalhasfunparent-childreninteractivegamesand

educationaltents.Besides,littlereaderscannotonlyexploreartsandcrafts,butalsoexperiencefacepaintingand

bookgiveaways.

HowMuchDoestheFairCost?

OnFriday,thefairisfree.OnSaturdayorSunday,itis$10foradultsforoneday,oryoucangetatwo-day

passfor$15.Kidsunderage12canattendforfreeandthekidsaged13-18are$5perday.Forpeopleaged62and

over,youcanalsogetticketsfor$5.

Somarkyourcalendars,headtoDowntownMiami,andenjoyyourselfintheheartofthecity'sliteraryscene.

1.Whatcanbeexpectedatthefair?

A.Donatingusedbooks.

B.Seekingautographsfrompublishers.

C.ExploringDowntownMiami.

D.Exchangingideaswithfavoriteeditors.

2.Howmuchshouldacouplewithaten-year-oldgirlpayfortheSundayfair?

A.$10.B.$15.C.$20.D.$25.

3.What*sthepurposeofthetext?

A.Toadvertiseforanactivity.

B.Toinspirechildren'sloveforreading.

C.Toraisemoneyforcharity.

D.Todescribealiteraryscene.

B

Itwasn'tuntilIgotintocollegeandtookaclassoncreativewritingthatIbegantotrustmyownmadness.The

professorencouragedustocoloroutsidethelinesandtrustourabilitiesasawriter.Wehadweeklysessionswhere

wereadeachother'sworkandhadtogiveconstructivecriticism.

Onourfirstassignment,Istruggledwithgettingmyideasontopaper.!knewthatkindofstoryIwantedtotell,

butasareservedyoungman,Iwasterrifiedofjudgementfrommypeers.!wasafraidtheywouldthinkmywriting

wastoodarkorreallymessedup.Butfinally,afterspendinghoursthinkingofmakingthewritingmoresocially

acceptable,IdecidedtowriteitlikeIfeltit.

Inthenextcritiquesession,Iwasshockedatthereactionfrommypeers.Therewassomeconstructivecriticism,

whichreallyhelpedmeimprove,butoverall,theylovedhowrealisticandconvincingmywritingwas.Attheend

oftheclass,theprofessoraskedmeifshecouldusemyassignmentasasampleforherotherclassestoknowthat

theycantrusttheirownmadnesswiththeirwriting.

ForthefinalwehadahugepaperforwhichwehadtowriteonHenryV.Theprofessorencouragedmetowriteitin

thevoiceIhaddevelopedinthecreativewritingclass,soIdid.Theconsequencewasthatshecalleditagraduate

levelpaperandaskedtouseitasanothersample.

ThatyearIendedupwinningawritingaward.!alsoenteredawritingcontestonlineandoutofhundredsof

entries,gotanhonorablemention.AndthatwaswhenIdecidedtohaveashotatfiction.

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“coloroutsidethelines"meaninthefirstparagraph?

A.Stressthewords.B.Generatenewideas.

C.Addcolortothelines.D.Takerisks.

5.Whathappenedwiththeauthor'sfirstassignment?

A.Hemesseditup.

B.Hedidn'tknowhowtodoit.

C.Hefeltinsecureaboutit.

D.Headjusteditinanacceptableway.

6.Whatcanweknowfromparagraph3?

A.Hispeersthoughthiswritingwaspersuasive.

B.Hispeerscriticizedhiswritingstyle.

C.Theprofessoraskedhimtoteachotherstowrite.

D.Hiswritingreachedgraduatelevel.

7.Whatwasthesecretoftheauthor'ssuccessinwriting?

A.Hispersistenceinwriting.

B.Trustinhisownmadness.

C.Hisprofessorsencouragement.

D.Constructivecriticismfromhispeers.

c

Astheclimatecontinuestogetwarmer,theglaciers（冰川）aremeltingandthesealevelsarerising.Asitaffects

theland,mountainsaretallerthanbefore.Howdoesthishappen?

Scientistsstudiedthelasticeage,whichoccurred16,000yearsagowhenmuchofEarth'sNorthernHemisphere

wascoveredinice.Althoughtheicemeltedlongago,Earth*scrust（地殼）isstillrisingandsinkinginreaction

toitspreviousiceageburden.Thismovementiscalledglacialisostaticadjustment（冰川均衡調(diào)整）.

Scientistsbelievethatanicesheetabout800metersthickcouldcauseadepressionabout275metersdeep,

accordingtotheSmithsonianMagazine."Astheicesheetsbegantomeltaround11,700yearsago,theglaciers

clearedlargeandheavymasses,allowingthemountainstoriseup,"USgeologistMikeKaplantoldthe

ColumbiaClimateSchoolwebsite.

RecentstudiessuggestthatlandinsoutheastAlaskaisrisingatarateofabout3centimetersperyear.Families

livingonthecoastwelcomethis"new"land,accordingtoTheNewYorkTimes.However,theysoonfind

themselvesinatrap.Asthelandupliftsandcoastalareasmoveawayfromthesea,riverscandryupmoreeasily,

makingitharderforthemtoreachthesea.Thiscouldresultinareductioninwaterresources,affectinganimals

andcreatureslivingintherivers.Researchersareconcernedthatthismaymakeachallengetofishermen,as

raisingfishintheseareascouldbecomemoredifficult.

WhilethedepressionofEarth'scrustspringsbackslowly,once-upliftedareasaresinking.Forexample,a2015

studysuggeststhattheChesapeakeBayontheeasterncoastoftheUScouldsinkmorethan15centimetersby

21OO.Thissinkingtrendalsosuggeststhattheseareasmayexperiencemoresignificantimpactsfromariseinsea

levels.

8.Whatcanwelearnaboutglacialisostaticadjustment?

A.Itmainlyhappenedduringthelasticeage.

B.Itcausestheicesheetstomelt.

C.Itbecomesaburdenoftheearth.

D.Itaffectstheland*sheightabovesealevel.

9.Howdothelocalpeopleprobablyfeelaccordingtoparagraph4?

A.Concerned.B.Surprised.C.Annoyed.D.Puzzled.

10.WhatchallengemighttheChesapeakeBayfaceinthefuture?

A.Moreseriousseapollution.B.Lowersealevel.

C.Increasedcoastalflooding.D.Rapidlanduplift.

11.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.ClimateChangeIsCausingHigherSeaLevel

B.MeltingGlaciersAreMakingMountainsTaller

C.GlobalWarmingIsAffectingEcosystem

D.GlacialMeltingIsPickingUpSpeed

D

Four-leggedrobotslikeBostonDynamics*SpotandCheetahowealmostalltheirquicknesstofancyfootwork.In

biology,however,afour-leggedanimal'smovement,flexibility,andcomplexmotorfunctionscomealmost

entirelyfromitsspine（脊柱）.Ifartificialspinescouldbeputintosuchdesigns,engineerscouldfindentirely

newapproachestoaccuratemobility.

Now,engineersarereportedlyafewstepsfurthertowardsspine-centric,four-leggedbotsthankstoaresearch

team'srat-inspiredrobot.NeRmoisabiomimeticandfour-leggedrobotthatdependsonaninnovativemotor-tendon

（運動肌腱的）structuretomovearoundenvironments.

Asfaraslooksgo,NeRmomirrorsamouse'sbonesystem.Therobot'ssolidfronthalfhousesitselectronics

systems,whileitslatterhalffunctionsmuchasanactualflexiblespinewould.Artificialtendonspassingthrough

thespineaswellastherobotsarmandkneejointsallowNeRmoevenmoremouselikemovementsalongside

quickerturningtimes.NeRmo^tendonsystempreventedtheneedforanymusclewhilestillallowingforsmooth

bendingcapabilities,i.e.side-to-side,andup-and-down.

Totesttheirnewdesign,theteamranNeRmothroughaseriesoffourexperimentstodemonstratebalancing,

straight-linewalking,quickturning,andmazenavigation.Eachtrialincludedtworounds一onewiththespinal

systemengaged,andtheotherwithitdisabled.Acrosstheboard,NeRmoperformedthetasksbetter,faster,

andmoreaccuratelywhenitcombinedthespinewithitsmovements.Mazenavigation,however,wasNeRmo's

trueshiningmoment.Withitsspineengaged,themouse-botcompleteditsmazerunsmuchfasterthansimply

wanderingthroughwithoutspinalsupport.

Althoughstillinitsearlystages,researchersbelievefurtherdesigninvolvingthespinalsystemsinfuturefour-

leggedrobotscouldvastlyimprovetheirfunctionality.IfNeRmowasn'tproofenough,thinkofitthisway一

MIT'sCheetahcanrun13feetpersecondwithjustonejointcopyingthebendingofthespineforwardand

backward.NeRmo,meanwhile,haseightjoints.

12.WhatisthelimitationofBostonDynamics'SpotandCheetah?

A.Havinganunattractiveappearance.

B.Referringtofewbiologicalbases.

C.Havingastrictrangeofapplications.

D.Lackingspine-basedmovingaccuracy.

13.WhichofthefollowingmakesNeRmomovemorelikemice?

A.Thetendonsystem.B.Thebonesystem.

C.Themusclesystem.D.Thekneejoint.

14.Whatdidthefourtestingexperimentsfind?

A.NeRmohadagreatsenseofdirection.

B.ThespinalsystembetteredNeRmo*smovement.

C.NeRmowithoutanartificialspinelostcontroleasily.

D.Artificialspinesgavehopetodisabledanimals.

15.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.PuttingNeRmointousehasdifficultiesinpractice.

B.Reducingthenumberofjointsinrobotsisnecessary.

C.Applyingspinalsystemstorobotshasapromisingoutlook.

D.Creatingmorefour-leggedrobotsisamatteroftime.

二、閱讀七選五：本大題共5小題，共12.5分。

Theheatandhumidityinsummercanmakeeventhemostdedicatedrunnerswanttostayinside.Herearesometips

whichcanhelpyouremainontrackevenwhentheweatherislessthanideal.

First,doremembertostayhydratedwhenrunninginsummer.Whenit'shot,youwillsweatmoreandlose

essentialelectrolytes(電角竿質(zhì)).Toavoidheatexhaustion,dizzinessandotherheat-relatedissues,drinkplenty

offluidsbefore,during,andafteryourrun.(1)

Anotherwaytomakesummerrunningeasieristogetanearlystart.Thetemperatureistypicallycoolerinthe

morning,andthesunwillbecomemoreintenseasthedaygoeson.(2)Further,startingyourrun

earlywillevenhelpyoumakethemostofyourday.

(3)However,it'sessentialtodressappropriatelyforsummerrunning.Onetipistochooselight-

coloredclothing,asdarkercolorsabsorbmoreheat.Youshouldalsolookforfabricsthatarebreathableandquick-

drying.

Whenrunninginthesummer,payattentiontoyourbody,andtakebreaksasneededincaseofoverexertion(過

度負(fù)荷)whichcanleadtoheatstroke.(4)___Justslowdownyourusualpaceandfocusonrunningfor

long,ratherthantryingtocoveralotofgroundquickly,andyouwillbeabletoenjoyyourrunwhilestaying

safe.

Afterahotrun,drinkplentyoffluidsandtakeafewminutestostretch.(5)Bycoolingdown

properly,you'llbeabletobeattheheat.Inaddition,ithelpstoregulateyourbodytemperatureandprevent

musclesoreness.

A.Then,hopinashowerortakeadipinthepool.

B.Theheatwillmakeitchallengingtorunoutside.

C.Thiswillhelpyoukeepyourbodyfunctioningatitsbest.

D.Hence,ontopoftipsabove,it'simportanttopaceyourself.

E.Solistentoyourbodyandtakebreaksifyoustartfeelingoverheatedortired.

F.Bydoingit,youcanavoidtheheatandcrowdsthatoftenbuilduplaterintheday.

G.Astheweathergetswarmer,itcanbetemptingtoputonyourshortsandtanktopforarun.

16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.F

G.G

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.F

G.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.F

G.G

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.F

G.G

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.F

G.G

三、完形填空：本大題共15小題，共15分。

EverySaturdaywetrainedwiththesamemarathonrunningclub.Ihadnoideahewasblindbecausehe(1)

pastmealongsidehisguiderunner.lttookafewweeksbeforeIwas(2)askinghimwhat,if

anything,hecouldsee.Iwasn'tjust(3)byhisrunningtimes.Healsohadabeautifulsmilethatlitupthe

room.

Wehadourfirst(4)dateclimbingthefamoussandduneonPacificCoastHighway.Eightyearsintoour

marriage,Adriandecidedtolearnto(5),sohecouldfulfillhisdreamofcompetinginanIronman

triathlon.

Adrian*sfirstlessonwasa(6),buthiscoach*senthusiasmwasshort-lived.Hisnextinstructorwaseasy

togiveinandrecommendedmyhusband(7)swimming.So,beingacompetitiveswimmerinhigh

school,Iwas(8)Icouldteachhim.

SoonIrealizedhowmuchofa(9)swimmingwasformyhusband,evenwithatetherrope.His

progressateachlessonwasslowbut(10).Nearlyamonthlater,hetriedwithoutthetetherrope,but

(11)goinginthewrongdirection.EverytimeIraisedmyvoiceovertheroaringwaveshefeltso(12)

bymyinstructions.

FortunatelythesedayswelaughbecauseAdrianisevenfasterthanIam.Hehasgrownmore(13)with

mewhenIhavetoraisemyvoice.1,(14),nolongersay,"Youwentthewrongway!",which

makeshimfeelbad.Instead,Isay,nOverhere,"towhichhe(15),andthenswimsbacktoward

me.

21.A.jumpedB.flewC.rodeD.drove

22.A.comfortableB.pleasedC.awkwardD.anxious

23.A.influencedB.defeatedC.confusedD.impressed

24.A.easyB.officialC.vitalD.complete

25.A.runB.bikeC.swimD.diet

26.A.messB.reliefC.successD.disaster

27.A.abandonB.keepC.riskD.appreciate

28.A.confidentB.doubtfulC.gratefulD.fortunate

29.A.benefitB.burdenC.regretD.struggle

30.A.slimB.steadyC.hardD.alarming

31.A.graduallyB.rarelyC.cautiouslyD.frequently

32.A.encouragedB.worriedC.frustratedD.surprised

33.A.patientB.carefulC.popularD.disappointed

34.A.infactB.inbriefC.inturnD.inreturn

35.A.looksB.nodsC.bowsD.shouts

四、語法填空：本大題共1小題，共15分。

36.Chineseacrobatic(雜技)datesbacktotheNeolithic,whenancientpeopledevelopeditfromdailylifefor

enjoymentandcelebration.Theuseofdailyitemssuchastables,chairs,bowlsandplates(1)(be)

commonintheirperformances.BythetimeoftheHanDynasty,theartofacrobatics(2)(achieve)

greatprogressinbothcontentandvariety.Therewerewonderfulacrobaticperformances(3)background

musiconthestage.DuringtheTangDynasty,thenumberofacrobatsgreatlyincreasedandtheirskillsimproveda

greatdeal.

(4)(regard)aspartofthenationalheritage,Chineseacrobaticsfeaturestheability(5)

(maintain)balanceinperformancemovements.Forexample,(6)experiencedacrobatcanwalkon

3-meter-highpoleswhilejuggling7bowls.Acrobatscanactlikefishswimming(7)(smooth)inthe

water,birdsflyingthroughtreesandbutterfliesdancingamongflowers,showcasingwonderfulskills(8)

requireyearsofhardtraining.Andtheperformancesreflecthumans*spiritofbravinghardshipsanddangers

whileseeking(9)(perfect).

ModernChineseacrobaticshassetupadesigninganddirectingsystem.ltisaimedatcreatingbeautifulstage

imagesand(10)(harmony)effectsofmusic,clothing,props,andlightingtobringaboutafully

developedstageart.

⑴

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

五、書面表達(dá)：本大題共2小題，共40分。

37.假定你是李華，得知你校的新西蘭交換生David打算學(xué)習(xí)中國傳統(tǒng)樂器二胡，但又擔(dān)心會影響自己其

他課程的學(xué)習(xí)。請給他寫封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：

(1)表示支持；

(2)給出建議；

(3)表達(dá)愿望。

注意：

(1)寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；

(2)請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

DearDavid,

Yours,

LiHua

38.Themanwaskindofsmall,buttoafive-year-old,hewasagiant.Cherry-scentedsmokefromGrandpa'spipe

keptthehungrymosquitoesatbay.Nowandagain,heblewasmokeringandlaughedasItriedtotargetthehole

withmyfinger.

Wesatsidebysideontheoldwoodenstairsthathotsummerevening,watchingthetraffic,countingcarsand

tryingtoguessthecolorofthenextonetoturnthecorner.WewatchedthesungodownbehindtheoldTexaco

servicestationacrossthebusystreet,whichIwasneverallowedtocrossunlessaccompaniedbyanadult.

Mygrandfatherwasbaby-sittingwhilemymother,fatherandgrandmotherwentout.Whilemytwobabybrothers

sleptinsidethehouse,mythreeoldersiblingsplayedwithfriendsaroundthecorner,whereIwasnotallowedto

go.IstayedwithGrandpa,andthatwasokaywithme.

"Thirsty?”Grandpaasked,neverremovingthepipefromhismouth."Yes,"wasmyreply.nHowwouldyou

liketorunovertothegasstationthereandgetyourselfabottleofCoke?”Icouldn'tbelievemyears.Onmy

family'smodestincome,Cokewasnotapartofourbudgetordiet."Okay,”Irepliedshyly,alreadywondering

howIwouldgetacrossthestreet.

Hestretchedhislonglegoutstraightandreachedhishugehanddeepintothepocket.Openinghisfist,heexposed

severalsilvercoins.Heinstructedmetopickoutone.Afterhedepositedtherestofthechangebackintohis

pocket,hestoodup."Okay,"hesaid,helpingmedownthestairsandtothecurb（馬路沿兒）.

"Pmgoingtostayhereandkeepanearoutforthebabies.riltellyouwhenit*ssafetocross.Yougoovertothe

Cokemachine,getyourCokeoutandcomeback.Waitformetotellyouwhenit'ssafetocrossback."Myheart

pounded.Excitementtookmybreathaway.

注意：

（1）續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；

（2）請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

Grandpaheldmyhandtightly.

MyheartpoundedmorewildlyasIapproachedtheCokemachine.

答案和解析

1?3.【答案】D、C、A

【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題o根據(jù)?WhattoExpectattheFair?部分中Forgreenwriters,it'saplacetoconnect

withtheirfavoriteeditors.（對于新手作家來說，這是一個與他們最喜歡的編輯聯(lián)系的地方。）可知博覽會

上新手作家可以與喜歡的編輯交流思想。故選D。

（2）數(shù)字計算題。根據(jù)?HowMuchDoestheFairCost?部分中OnSaturdayorSunday,itis10foranadult

foroneday,oryoucangetatwo-daypassfor$15.Kidsunderage12canattendforfreeandthekidaged13-18

is$5perday.（在周六或周日，成人一天的票價是10美元，或者你可以花15美元買一張兩天的出入證。

12歲以下的孩子可以免費參加，13—18歲的孩子每天5美元）可知，星期天成人票價10美元，12歲以下

孩子免費，所以一對夫婦和兩個12歲以下的孩子星期天參加書展只需要10+10=20美元。故選C項。

（3）目的意圖題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第一段Whetheryouarealifelongbookwormoraretryingtodevelopalove

forreadinginyourlittleones,the2024MiamiBookFairisforyou.（無論你是一個終身書蟲，還是想培養(yǎng)孩

子對閱讀的熱愛，2024年邁阿密書展都是為你準(zhǔn)備的）和下文對書展的介紹可知，文章的目的是為書展做

廣告。故選A項。

本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了2024年邁阿密書展的相關(guān)信息，包括書展的時間、地點、活動內(nèi)容和門

票價格等。

做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔

細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項選出正確答案。

4?7.【答案】B、C、A、B

【解析1（1）句意理解題。根據(jù)第一段Itwasn'tuntilIgotintocollegeandtookaclassoncreativewriting

thatIbegantotrustmyownmadness.Theprofessorencouragedustocoloroutsidethelinesandtrustourabilities

asawriter.Wehadweeklysessionswherewereadeachothefsworkandhadtogiveconstructivecriticism.（直至U

我上了大學(xué)，上了一堂創(chuàng)意寫作課，我才開始相信自己的瘋狂。教授鼓勵我們跳出界限，相信自己作為一

名作家的能力。我們每周都會閱讀對方的作品，并提出建設(shè)性的批評。）可知，劃線句意為”產(chǎn)生新的想

法”oA.Stressthewords強(qiáng)調(diào)單詞；B.Generatenewideas產(chǎn)生新想法；C.Addcolortothelines產(chǎn)生新的想

法；D.Takerisks冒險。故選B。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段Onourfirstassignment,Istruggledwithgettingmyideasontopaper.Iknew

thatkindofstoryIwantedtotell,butasareservedyoungman,Iwasterrifiedofjudgementfrommypeers.Iwas

afraidtheywouldthinkmywritingwastoodarkorreallymessedup.（在我們的第一次任務(wù)中，我很難把我的

想法寫在紙上。我知道我想講的那種故事，但作為一個矜持的年輕人，我害怕同齡人的評判。我擔(dān)心他們

會認(rèn)為我的文章太黑或真的一團(tuán)糟。）可知，作者對第一次作業(yè)感到?jīng)]有把握。故選C。

（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Inthenextcritiquesession,Iwasshockedatthereactionfrommypeers.There

wassomeconstructivecriticism,whichreallyhelpedmeimprove,butoverall,theylovedhowrealisticand

convincingmywritingwas.（在接下來的評論環(huán)節(jié)中，我對同行們的反應(yīng)感到震驚。有一些建設(shè)性的批評，

這確實幫助我提高了水平，但總的來說，他們喜歡我的寫作是多么的現(xiàn)實和令人信服。）可知，作者的同

齡人認(rèn)為他的文章很有說服力。故選A。

（4）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Attheendoftheclass,theprofessoraskedmeifshecouldusemyassignment

asasampleforherotherclassestoknowthattheycantrusttheirownmadnesswiththeirwriting.（在課程結(jié)束

時，教授問我，她是否可以把我的作業(yè)作為其他課程的樣本，讓他們知道自己的寫作可以相信自己的瘋

狂。）可知，作者寫作成功的秘訣是相信他自己的瘋狂。故選B。

本文為記敘文。這段短文主要講述了作者在大學(xué)創(chuàng)意寫作課上，如何在教授的鼓勵下開始信任自己的創(chuàng)

意，勇于表達(dá)內(nèi)心的故事。在同學(xué)們的建設(shè)性批評幫助下，他的寫作得到認(rèn)可并逐漸進(jìn)步，最終贏得了寫

作獎項，這讓他決定嘗試創(chuàng)作小說。過程中，他的作品還被教授選為樣本，用于激勵其他學(xué)生信任自己的

創(chuàng)作靈感。

做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔

細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項選出正確答案。做題時要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌

胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。

8?11.【答案】D、A、C、B

【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的Althoughtheicemeltedlongago,Earth'scrust（地殼）isstill

risingandsinkinginreactiontoitspreviousiceageburden.Thismovementiscalledglacialisostaticadjustment

（冰川均衡調(diào)整）.（雖然冰很久以前就融化了，但地殼仍然在上升和下降，這是對之前冰河時代的負(fù)擔(dān)的

反應(yīng)。這種運動被稱為冰川均衡調(diào)整。）可知，冰川均衡調(diào)整影響陸地的海拔高度，故選D。

（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的Researchersareconcernedthatthismaymakeachallengetofishermen,as

raisingfishintheseareascouldbecomemoredifficult.（研究人員擔(dān)心，這可能會給漁民帶來挑戰(zhàn)，因為在這

些地區(qū)養(yǎng)魚可能會變得更加困難。）可知，漁民養(yǎng)魚可能會變得更加困難，由此推知當(dāng)?shù)厝丝赡軙械綋?dān)

心，故選A。

（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中Forexample,a2015studysuggeststhattheChesapeakeBayonthe

easterncoastoftheUScouldsinkmorethan15centimetersby2100.Thissinkingtrendalsosuggeststhatthese

areasmayexperiencemoresignificantimpactsfromariseinsealevels.（例如，2015年的——項研究表明，至U

2100年，美國東海岸的切薩皮克灣可能會下沉15厘米以上。這種下沉趨勢還表明，這些地區(qū)可能會受到

海平面上升的更大影響。）可知，切薩皮克灣未來可能會下沉15厘米以上，該地區(qū)可能會受到海平面上

升的更大影響，故未來可能面臨沿海洪水的增加，故選C。

（4）標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容并結(jié)合第一段Astheclimatecontinuestogetwarmer,theglaciers（冰川）

aremeltingandthesealevelsarerising.Asitaffectstheland,mountainsaretallerthanbefore.Howdoesthis

happen?（隨著氣候持續(xù)變暖，冰川正在融化，海平面正在上升。由于它對陸地的影響，山比以前高了。

這是怎么發(fā)生的？）可知，文章主要是關(guān)于冰川融化對陸地的影響，山比以前更高，BMeltingGlaciers

AreMakingMountainsTaller（冰川融化使山脈變得更高）概括文意，可以作為本文的最佳標(biāo)題，故選B。

本文是一篇說明文，文章主要是關(guān)于冰川融化對陸地的影響，山比以前更高。

考查說明文。做題時要通讀全文，把握大意，然后結(jié)合題干及選項做出正確的選擇。

12?15.【答案】D、A、B、C

［解析］（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Four-leggedrobotslikeBostonDynamics*SpotandCheetahowe

almostalltheirquicknesstofancyfootwork.（波士頓動力公司（BostonDynamics）的“斑點"和“獵豹”等四足

機(jī)器人幾乎所有的敏捷都?xì)w功于花樣步法。）和最后一句Ifartificialspinescouldbeputintosuchdesigns,

engineerscouldfindentirelynewapproachestoaccuratemobility,（如果人工脊柱可以被放入這樣的設(shè)計中，

工程師們可能會找到完全新的方法來實現(xiàn)精確的機(jī)動性，）可知，波士頓動力公司的Spot和Cheetah缺乏

脊柱移動的準(zhǔn)確性。故選D。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段NeRmoisabiomimeticandfour-leggedrobotthatdependsonaninnovative

motor-tendon（運動肌腱的）structuretomovearoundenvironments.（NeRmo是一種仿生四足機(jī)器人，依靠

創(chuàng)新的電機(jī)肌腱結(jié)構(gòu)在環(huán)境中移動。）可知，肌腱系統(tǒng)讓NeRmo更像老鼠。故選A。

（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段Mazenavigation,however,wasNeRmo^trueshiningmoment.Withitsspine

engaged,themouse-botcompleteditsmazerunsmuchfasterthansimplywanderingthroughwithoutspinal

support.（然而，迷宮導(dǎo)航是NeRmo真正大放異彩的時刻。在它的脊柱參與下，這個老鼠機(jī)器人完成迷宮

的速度比沒有脊柱支撐的漫游快得多。）可知，脊柱系統(tǒng)改善了NeRmo的運動。故選B。

（4）推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Althoughstillinitsearlystages,researchersbelievefurtherdesigninvolving

thespinalsystemsinfuturefour-leggedrobotscouldvastlyimprovetheirfunctionality（盡管仍處于早期階段，

但研究人員相信，未來涉及脊柱系統(tǒng)的四足機(jī)器人的進(jìn)一步設(shè)計可以極大地提高它們的功能。）可知，將

脊柱系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用于機(jī)器人是有前途的。故選C。

本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了受老鼠啟發(fā)而設(shè)計的四足機(jī)器人NeRmo,它的運動依賴于創(chuàng)新的馬達(dá)-肌

腱結(jié)構(gòu)，模仿了老鼠的骨骼和脊柱系統(tǒng)。

一、速讀全文，了解大意知主題。

閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力，考生必須在十分有限的

時間內(nèi)運用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀，搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句，捕捉時空、順序、情節(jié)、人物、觀

點，并且理清文章脈絡(luò)，把握語篇實質(zhì)。

二、看題干，帶著問題讀文章。

首先要掌握問題的類型，客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案；而主觀判斷題考查的是對文章的感情

基調(diào)等，這類題必須經(jīng)過對作者的態(tài)度、意圖以及對整篇文章進(jìn)行深一層的推理等。其次，了解試題題干

以及各個選項所包含的信息，然后有針對性地對文章進(jìn)行掃讀，對有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位。此法加強(qiáng)了閱

讀的針對性，提高了做題的準(zhǔn)確率。

三、邏輯推理，做好深層理解題。

在實際閱讀中，有時作者并未把意圖說出來，閱讀者要根據(jù)字面意思，通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)的

暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓義。要求讀者對文字的表面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理，不能

就事論事，以偏概全。推理題在提問中常用的詞有：infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。

四、猜詞悟義，掃除閱讀攔路虎。

猜詞是應(yīng)用英語的重要能力。它不但需要準(zhǔn)確無誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認(rèn)識

較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會“順藤摸瓜”，通過構(gòu)詞，語法，定義，同位，對比，因果，常識，上下文等

線索確定詞義。

16?20.【答案】C、F、G、D、A

【解析】（1）聯(lián)系上文題。根據(jù)上文Toavoidheatexhaustion,dizzinessandotherheat-relatedissues,drink

plentyoffluidsbefore,during,andafteryourrun.（為了避免熱衰竭、頭暈和其他與熱相關(guān)的問題，在跑步

前、跑步中和跑步后要多喝水。）可知下文介紹這樣做的好處。C項Thiswillhelpyoukeepyourbody

functioningatitsbest（這將幫助你保持身體的最佳機(jī)能）符合語境。故選C。

（2）聯(lián)系上文題o根據(jù)上文Anotherwaytomakesummerrunningeasieristogetanearlystart.The

temperatureistypicallycoolerinthemorning,andthesunwillbecomemoreintenseasthedaygoeson.（讓夏

季跑步更容易的另一個方法是盡早開始。早上的溫度通常較低，隨著時間的推移，陽光會變得更加強(qiáng)

烈。）可知下文介紹早些開始跑步的優(yōu)勢。F項Bydoingit,youcanavoidtheheatandcrowdsthatoften

builduplaterintheday.（通過這樣做，你可以避免一天中晚些時候經(jīng)常聚集的高溫和人群）符合語境。故

選F。

（3）聯(lián)系下文題。根據(jù)下文However,it'sessentialtodressappropriatelyforsummerrunn