第二部分語法強化第三章

代

詞考點突破考點1人稱代詞數(shù)和人稱主格賓格單數(shù)第一人稱Ime第二人稱youyou第三人稱hehimsheheritit復數(shù)第一人稱weus第二人稱youyou第三人稱theythem1.人稱代詞的分類

2.人稱代詞的主格和賓格的區(qū)別主格通常放在動詞的前面作句子的主語Hewasborninthecountryside.他出生在鄉(xiāng)村。賓格通常放在動詞或介詞的后面作句子的賓語Jackwrotetoherlastweek.上周杰克給她寫了信。3.人稱代詞并列作主語時的順序單數(shù)形式：you，he，I(二三一)復數(shù)形式：we，you，they(一二三)如：You,heandIwillattendthemeeting.你、我和他將參加這次會議。We,youandtheyareallengineers.你們、我們還有他們都是工程師。用括號里所給單詞的適當形式填空。1.(2024·云南省中考改編)NieErisagreatmusicianinChina.Wealltakepridein________(he).2．(2024·包頭市中考改編)—Spacetechnologiesarewidelyusedindifferentindustries.—Iagree.Spaceexplorationbenefits________(we)alot.3．(2023·荊州市中考改編)—Hi,Bob!ShallweflykitesthisSunday?—Goodidea!Remembertocall________(I)then.4．(2023·揚州市中考改編)Thechildrenhavepaintedsince________(they)

couldfirstpickupabrush.5．(2022·達州市中考改編)—Sandy,couldyoufoldtheclothesforme?—Why________(I)?Iamnotavailable.YoucanaskDavidtodo________(it)instead.meushim即學即練itmethey

6．(2022·連云港市中考改編)OurEnglishteacher,MissLi,iskindandpatient.Wealllike________(she).7．(2022·十堰市中考改編)Anotherthreeastronauts,LiuYang,ChenDongandCaiXuzhe,havebeensentintospace.Let'sexpress(表達)ourbestwishesto________(they)．8．YuanLongping,knownasthefatherofhybridrice,helpedliftthenationoutofhunger.Peoplewillneverforget________(he).9．MrLi,ahumorousteacher,taught________(we)Mathslastterm.10．Annhasgotaletterfromherbestfriend.Itmakes________(she)quiteexcited.herthemhimusher考點

2物主代詞1.表示所有關系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞兩類。具體如下表所示：數(shù)和人稱形容詞性名詞性單數(shù)第一人稱mymine第二人稱youryours第三人稱hishisherhersitsits復數(shù)第一人稱ourours第二人稱youryours第三人稱theirtheirs2.形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞的區(qū)別形容詞性物主代詞只能作定語，后面要接名詞Theirclassroomisonthesecondfloor.他們的教室在二樓。名詞性物主代詞起名詞的作用，后面不能接名詞Hershoesaredifferentfrommine.她的鞋和我的不一樣。注意：雙重所有格的結構是“名詞＋of＋名詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格”。如：Thegirlisacousinofhis.＝Thegirlisoneofhiscousins.這個女孩是他的一個表妹。Thisisaphotoofmyfather’s.＝Thisisoneofmyfather’sphotos.這是我爸爸的一張照片。即學即練用括號里所給單詞的適當形式填空。1．(2024·達州市中考改編)Thereissomethingwrongwithmycomputer.CouldIuse________(you)?2．(2024·白銀市中考改編)Markjustphonedtosayhe’dlefthiscoatbehind.Doyouknowifthisis________(he)?3．(2024·河北省中考改編)—Mary,isthisyoursister’ssmartwatch?—No,________(she)ispink.4．(2024·成都市中考改編)MissLinteachespianoverywell.With________(she)help,I’vemadegreatprogress.5．(2023·黑龍江省中考改編)Wewon’tbelieveituntilweseeitwith________(we)owneyes.ourhisherhers

yours

6．(2023·連云港市中考改編)Yourschoollibrarylooksasmodernas________(we).Canyoushowmearound?7．(2023·東營市中考改編)—Lily,putyourbooksintoyourschoolbag.—They’renot________(I).TheyareLucy’s.8．(2022·天津市中考改編)—Whosecameraisthis?Isit________(you)?—No,it'snotmine.It's________(he)．9．(2022·重慶市中考改編)Wemustcleanup________(we)classroombeforegoinghome.10．Thisisn'tmydictionary.________(I)isoverthere,onthedesk.11．(1)Tomisafriendof________(she).＝Tomisoneof________(she)friends.(2)Thisisabookofhis_________(teacher).＝Thisisoneofhis_________(teacher)books.Minemineouryours

ours

his

hersherteacher’steacher’s考點

3反身代詞1.反身代詞的單復數(shù)形式

數(shù)和人稱反身代詞單數(shù)第一人稱myself第二人稱yourself第三人稱himselfherselfitself復數(shù)第一人稱ourselves第二人稱yourselves第三人稱themselves2.反身代詞的用法作賓語位于及物動詞或介詞之后Weenjoyedourselvesverymuchlastnight.我們昨晚玩得很開心。Theboycantakecareofhimself.那個男孩能照顧自己。作主語或賓語的同位語用于加強語氣，放在主語后或句尾Hehimselfdidthecleaning.=Hedidthecleaninghimself.他親自搞清潔。注意：(1)反身代詞不作定語，常用one’sown表示“某人自己的”。如：IthinkthatIshouldhavemyownshop.我認為我應該有自己的店鋪。(2)反身代詞常用短語。如：teachoneself/learn…byoneself自學byoneself獨自cometooneself恢復知覺

saytooneself自言自語devoteoneselfto致力于……

enjoyoneself玩得開心helponeselfto隨便吃/喝……即學即練用括號里所給單詞的適當形式填空。1．(2024·白銀市中考改編)Thecatlayonthesofa,washing________(it)．2．(2024·黑龍江省中考改編)Weenjoyed_________(our)atZhaolinParklastSunday.3．(2024·天津市中考改編)When________(I)parentswentawayonbusiness,Ilookedafter________(I)．4．(2024·云南省中考改編)—Maria,youshouldbelievein_________(you).That’sthesecretofsuccess.—OK,Iwill.5．(2023·河北省中考改編)—Wheredidyougetthetoycar?—FromBetty.Shemadeit________(she).ourselvesmy

itself

myself

yourself

herself

6．(2023·沈陽市中考改編)Don'trideyourbiketoofast,oryoumayhurt__________(you)．7．(2023·齊齊哈爾市中考改編)Teachersoftensaythatteenagersshouldlearntolookafter__________(they).8．(2023·達州市中考改編)Weshouldlearntoberesponsiblefor__________(us),notalwayswaitingtobepushed.9．(2022·成都市中考改編)—Wheredidyougetthisskylantern?—Imadeitby__________(I).10．LittleTomfelloffthebike,andhehurt__________(he).11．Thework_________(it)iseasy.yourselfthemselves

ourselves

myself

himself

itself

考點4指示代詞距離單數(shù)復數(shù)指近處thisthese指遠處thatthose1.作主語、賓語、表語。如：Thisisafan,andthatisanairconditioner.這是一臺風扇，那是一臺空調。2.在電話中，用this(我)表示本人，用that(你)表示對方。如：Hello!ThisisJenny(speaking).Who’sthat?

你好！我是珍妮。你是哪位?3.that和those常用于表示對雙方作比較的句子中，代替前文提到的名詞，以避免重復。that代替前面提到的單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞；those代替前面提到的復數(shù)名詞。如：TheweatherinBeijingisascoldasthatinQingdaoinwinter.北京冬天的天氣和青島的(天氣)一樣冷。ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofJapan.中國的人口要比日本的(人口)多。Theapplesinthisshoparemuchcheaperthanthoseinthatshop.這家店的蘋果比那家店的(蘋果)便宜得多。即學即練用this,that,these或those填空。1.Hello,________

isTom.Whois________speaking?

2.Thepriceofmeatishigherthan________ofrice.

3.Thelightsinyourroomareasbrightas________inmine.

4.________booksaremine,and________aremybrother’s.

5.—Look!Whatis________?—It’sanorange.this/thatthoseThesethose

that

that

this考點5疑問代詞疑問代詞用法例句who(誰)作主語Whoistalkingthere?誰在那里講話?作賓語(不能位于介詞后)Whowereyoutalkingwithjustnow?你剛才在和誰講話呢?作表語Whoistheboyunderthetree?在樹下的那個男孩是誰?whom(誰)只作賓語Withwhomdidyougo?你和誰去的?whose(誰的)作主語Allthecontestants’modelsarehere.Whoseisthebest?所有參賽者的模型都在這里了。誰的(做得)最好?作賓語Whosedidyouborrow,Jim’sorTom’s?你借了誰的,吉姆的還是湯姆的?作表語Whoseisthisdictionary?這本字典是誰的?作定語WhoseT-shirtisblue?誰的T恤衫是藍色的?1.疑問代詞的用法(續(xù)表)疑問代詞用法例句which(哪個)作主語Whichisyourfavourite,spring,summerorautumn?你最喜歡哪個，春天、夏天還是秋天?作賓語Whichwillyouchooseintheend?最終你要選哪個?作定語Whichcitywillyougoto?你要去哪個城市?what(什么)作主語Whatmakeshimcry?什么事把他弄哭了?作賓語Whatdoyouusuallydoatweekends?你周末通常做什么?作表語Whatisyourname?你叫什么名字?作定語Whatsubjectwillyoulearn?你將要學什么科目?2.what與which的區(qū)別what指不定數(shù)目中的“什么”，沒有范圍的限定；which指“哪一個；哪一些”，在一定范圍內特指人或物。如：Whichskirtdoyouprefer,thisoneorthatone？你更喜歡哪條裙子，這條還是那條？用what，which，who，whom或whose填空。1．—________petdoyouhave?—Ihaveaparrot.2．—________isthewomanunderthetree?—SheismyEnglishteacher.3．________didyouwanttosay?4.________didhewant,apples,pearsororanges?5．_________areyoutalkingto?6.—________bookisthis?—Ithinkit’sKate’s.7．To________didyoutalkjustnow?

即學即練Who

WhatWhat

Which

Who/Whom

Whose

whom考點6不定代詞不定代詞可分為普通不定代詞和復合不定代詞兩類。1.普通不定代詞主要有some，any，both，all，another，other，each，either，neither，none，one，afew，few，alittle，little，many，much等。常見普通不定代詞與人稱代詞的用法辨析如下表所示：代詞用法例句one和itone與所替代的名詞是“同名異物”Myeraserislost.Ineedtobuyanewone.我的橡皮丟了。我需要買一塊新的。it指原來的事物,是“同名同物”Iboughtaneweraser,andIgaveittoMike.我買了一塊新的橡皮，我把它送給邁克了。some和anysome用于肯定句及表示建議、反問、請求的疑問句中,期望得到肯定回答MsGreenreallygivesussomeusefuladvice.格林女士確實給了我們一些有用的建議。Wouldyoulikesometea?你要喝點茶嗎?any用于否定句、疑問句或條件狀語從句中Idon’thaveanygoodsuggestions.我沒有任何好建議。Ifyouhaveanyquestions,youmayaskJoe.如果你有任何問題，都可以去問喬。each和everyeach后面可加of，在句中可作主語、賓語、定語和同位語Eachofthemhasaticket.他們每個人都有一張票。Theyeachhavetheirowntickets.他們每個人都有各自的票。every只能作定語Everystudenthasaticket.每個學生都有一張票。(續(xù)表)

代詞用法例句many和muchmany修飾或替代復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞NotmanyfilmsaremadeinFinland.芬蘭出品的電影并不多。much修飾或替代不可數(shù)名詞Hehasmuchhomeworktodo.他有很多家庭作業(yè)要做。both和allboth意為“兩者都”，表示復數(shù)Bothofmyparentsareinterestedincollectingstamps.我父母都對集郵感興趣。all表示三者或三者以上的“都”Allofthestudentshavegottheirbooks.所有的學生都拿到了他們的書。either和anyeither指兩者中任何一個，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；either…or…意為“或者……或者……”Thereareflowersoneithersideoftheroad.路的兩旁都種了花。EitheryouorIamgoingtheretomorrow.明天要么你去那里，要么我去那里。any表示三者或三者以上的“任一”Youdon’tknowanyofmyfriends.我的朋友你一個都不認識。(續(xù)表)

代詞用法例句neither和noneneither意為“兩者都不”,謂語動詞用單數(shù)；“neither…nor…”意為“既不……也不……”NeitheryounorsheisabletospeakFrench.你和她都不會講法語。none表示三者或三者以上“都不”Noneofuslikesstorybooks.我們沒人喜歡故事書。afew和few,alittle和littleafew表示有幾個,修飾或替代可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)I’llgotobuyafewbooks.我要去買幾本書。Hehasfewfriendshere.他在這兒幾乎沒什么朋友。MarycanspeakalittleChinese.瑪麗會講一點漢語。Thereislittlemilkinthefridge,isthere?冰箱里幾乎沒有牛奶了，不是嗎?few表示幾乎沒有(否定含義),修飾或替代可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)alittle表示有一點,修飾或替代不可數(shù)名詞little表示幾乎沒有(否定含義),修飾或替代不可數(shù)名詞(續(xù)表)

代詞用法例句another,other,theother,others和theothersanother泛指范圍內的“另外一個”ThisT-shirtistoolargeforme.Canyoushowmeanotherone?這件T恤衫太大了。能給我拿另外一件嗎?other泛指范圍內的“其他”,后接復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，不單獨使用Somestudentsarecleaningthewindows.Otherstudentsaresweepingthefloor.一些學生在擦窗戶。其他人在掃地。theother特指某范圍內剩下的全體，后可接單數(shù)或復數(shù)名詞，也可單獨使用Theoldmanhastwosons.OneisinAmericaandtheotherisinCanada.那位老人有兩個兒子。一個在美國，另一個在加拿大。others=other+復數(shù)名詞Somestudentsarecleaningthewindows.Othersaresweepingthefloor.一些學生在擦窗戶。其他人在掃地。theothers=theother+復數(shù)名詞Inourclass,onlyTomisAmerican.TheothersareChinese.在我們班只有湯姆是美國人。其余的都是中國人。2.復合不定代詞

somebody(某人)anybody(任何人)nobody(沒有人)everybody(每人)someone(某人)anyone(任何人)noone(沒有人)everyone(每人)something(某事物)anything(任何事物)nothing(沒有東西)everything(每件事物)(1)一般情況下，由some構成的復合不定代詞用在肯定句中；由any構成的復合不定代詞用在疑問句和否定句中；由no構成的復合不定代詞表示否定意義。如：Hesaidnothing.=Hedidn’tsayanything.他什么都沒說。(2)不定代詞作主語時當作單數(shù)使用。如：Somethingiswrongwithherwatch.她的手表出問題了。(3)形容詞修飾不定代詞時要后置。如：Isthereanythinginterestingtotellme?有什么有趣的事要告訴我嗎？一、選擇適當?shù)牟欢ù~填空。1.—Yourdresslooksbeautiful.Wheredidyoubuy________?

—InShanghai.Icanbuy________foryou.(one/it)

2.SheisfromtheUK.Shecanonlyspeak________Chinesesoshehas________friendsinChina.(afew/few/alittle/little)3.Thereis________waterinthebottle,isthere?(alittle/little)4.Ifeel________tired.(alittle/little)5.Arethere________ladiesintheaudience?(some/any)6.Wouldyoul