高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1廣東省廣州市2025屆普通高中畢業(yè)班2月調(diào)研考試英語(yǔ)試卷第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ACamelcaravans(商隊(duì))crossingdesertdunes,merchantstradingsilksandspicesatmarkets—thesearetheimagesthatcometomindwhenwethinkoftheSilkRoad.Buttherealitygoesfarbeyondthis.RatherthanasingletraderoutefromEasttoWest,theSilkRoadwasmadeupofoverlapping(重疊的)networkslinkingcommunitiesacrossAsia,AfricaandEurope,fromEastAsiatoBritain,andfromScandinaviatoMadagascar.Thismajorexhibitionunveilshowthejourneysofpeople,objectsandideasthatformedtheSilkRoadshapedculturesandhistories.TheSilkRoadwasinuseforthousandsofyears,butthisvisuallystunningshowfocusesonadefiningperiodinitshistory,fromaboutAD500to1000.Thistimewitnessedsignificantleapsinconnectivityandtheriseofuniversalreligionsthatlinkedcommunitiesacrosscontinents.Workingwith29nationalandinternationalpartnerstopresentobjectsfrommanyregionsandculturesalongsidethosefromtheBritishMuseumcollection,theexhibitionoffersauniquechancetoseeobjectsfromthelengthandwidthoftheSilkRoad.FromTangChineseceramicsexportedtotheMiddleEasttoIndiangarnetsfoundinSuffolk,theyrevealtheastonishingreachofthesenetworks.HighlightobjectsfromUzbekistanandTajikistanthathaveneverbeenseenintheUKbeforealsoemphasizetheimportanceoftheseregionstothiscontinent-spanningstory.You’llmeetfigureswhosestoriesareinterwoven(交織)withtheSilkRoad,includingWillibald,aningeniousspicesmugglerfromEngland,andalegendaryChineseprincesswhosharedthesecretsofsilkfarmingwithhernewkingdom.Crossingdeserts,mountains,riversandseas,theSilkRoadtellastoryofconnectionbetweenculturesandcontinents,centuriesbeforetheformationoftheglobalizedworldweknowtoday.1.Whichofthefollowingistheprobablenameofthisexhibition?A.SilkRoad:BeyondCamelsandSpices. B.TradeNetworks:ExploretheSilkRoad.C.SilkRoad:IntheFootstepsofHistory. D.AcrossContinents:TraveltheSilkRoad.2.Whatcanwelearnabouttheobjectspresentedatthisexhibition?A.Theycoverawholehistoricalperiod. B.Theyareexhibitedonaglobaltour.C.TheyfeatureitemsfromCentralAsia. D.Theyeachnarratealegendarystory.3.WhatdoesthisexhibitionmainlyintendtoshowabouttheSilkRoad?A.Theoveralldescriptionofitsformation. B.Itscontributiontoconnectingtheworld.C.Theculturalexchangealongitsnetwork. D.Itsimportantinfluenceonglobalization.【答案】1.A2.C3.B【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文為一篇新聞報(bào)道，介紹了關(guān)于絲綢之路的展覽內(nèi)容及意義。【1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“RatherthanasingletraderoutefromEasttoWest,theSilkRoadwasmadeupofoverlapping(重疊的)networkslinkingcommunitiesacrossAsia,AfricaandEurope,fromEastAsiatoBritain,andfromScandinaviatoMadagascar.Thismajorexhibitionunveilshowthejourneysofpeople,objectsandideasthatformedtheSilkRoadshapedculturesandhistories.(絲綢之路不是一條從東方到西方的單一貿(mào)易路線，而是由重疊的網(wǎng)絡(luò)組成，連接著亞洲、非洲和歐洲的社區(qū)，從東亞到英國(guó)，從斯堪的納維亞到馬達(dá)加斯加。這個(gè)大型展覽揭示了形成絲綢之路的人、物和思想的旅程如何塑造了文化和歷史)”可知，這個(gè)大型展覽揭示了除了絲綢之路貿(mào)易之外的相關(guān)人、物和思想的旅程如何塑造了文化和歷史，因此，A選項(xiàng)“絲綢之路：不僅僅是駱駝和香料”能最好概括展覽的主題，適合作為最佳名字。故選A?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“FromTangChineseceramicsexportedtotheMiddleEasttoIndiangarnetsfoundinSuffolk,theyrevealtheastonishingreachofthesenetworks.(從出口到中東的中國(guó)唐代陶瓷到在薩?？丝ぐl(fā)現(xiàn)的印度石榴石，它們揭示了這些網(wǎng)絡(luò)的驚人范圍)”及第五段“HighlightobjectsfromUzbekistanandTajikistanthathaveneverbeenseenintheUKbeforealsoemphasizetheimportanceoftheseregionstothiscontinent-spanningstory.(來(lái)自烏茲別克斯坦和塔吉克斯坦的突出物品在英國(guó)從未見(jiàn)過(guò)，也強(qiáng)調(diào)了這些地區(qū)對(duì)這個(gè)跨越大陸的故事的重要性)”可知，在展覽上展出的展品很多來(lái)自中亞地區(qū)。故選C?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Thismajorexhibitionunveilshowthejourneysofpeople,objectsandideasthatformedtheSilkRoadshapedculturesandhistories.(這個(gè)大型展覽揭示了形成絲綢之路的人、物和思想的旅程如何塑造了文化和歷史)”及最后一段“Crossingdeserts,mountains,riversandseas,theSilkRoadtellastoryofconnectionbetweenculturesandcontinents,centuriesbeforetheformationoftheglobalizedworldweknowtoday.(絲綢之路穿越沙漠、山脈、河流和海洋，講述了一個(gè)文化與大陸之間聯(lián)系的故事，比我們今天所知的全球化世界形成還要早幾個(gè)世紀(jì))”可知，這項(xiàng)關(guān)于絲綢之路的展覽介紹了其對(duì)于連接世界的貢獻(xiàn)。故選B。BLastDecember,whileleavingthegym,Inoticedamessy-hairedyounggirlwholookedtobeinhermid-20s,asourdaughter,Lily,hadbeen.Iwatchedhowshewastryingtogetabrokentreadmill(跑步機(jī))toworkbeforeshethrewupherhandsandmadeafrustratedbutcuteface,sortoflaughingtoherself.SomethingLilywouldhavedone.Iusedtobethemotherofa25-year-old.Iusedtohaveayoungpersonwholovedme,belongedtome,connectedmetotheworldofyoungpeople.It’snotthatIdon’tknowotheryoungpeople,butmineisgone,lostsuddenlytoshockfromanallergic(過(guò)敏)reaction.Laterthatday,athome,IdiscoveredaphotoonmyphonefromDecember26,2022,exactlythedayafterthelastChristmasIspentwithLily,whileshewasgettingreadytoheadhome.Shewasn’tinarush,andIsaid,“Wait,let’sgetashotofyouandme.”Inthatlastpicture,wewereinthekitchen,ourarmsaroundeachother.Myfriendpointedoutit’sreallyapictureofusthree,becauseEricisbehindthecameraandoursmilesareforhim.We’relaughingatsomethinghesaid.Itwasagoodday.Weoftendon’tgettoknowwhenit’sthelasttime.TheremusthavebeenalasttimeIplayedtenniswithmyfather,afinaltriptothemovieswithmymother,beforeIlostthembothtoacaraccident.AlastdinnerwithmyfriendJuliewhenwethoughtwehadplentyoftime,beforehercancerdiagnosischangedeverything.Iwasn’tpayingattentionthen,andIdidn’tthinkIneededto.NowItrytobesoberer.Igoouttothebeach,whereaseagullusedtojumpintheairtopickaFrenchfryoutofLily’shandwhenhesawher.“Yousawthatseagull,didn’tyou?”I’mtalkingloud,soshecanhearmeovertheroarofwaves.ItellherIwilllistenincaseshewantstosendmeamessage.Iremindmyselftopayattention.Amessagecanbeabird,abreezeorashell.Amessagecanbeanything.4.WhatisLilylikeintheauthor’simpression?A.Adorableandangelic. B.Energeticandconsiderate.C.Genuineandinnocent. D.Optimisticandhumorous.5.Whatcanweinferaboutthephotoontheauthor’sphone?A.Itwasnotofmuchsignificancethen. B.Itwasfinelyshotforaspecialpurpose.C.Itbearsherlongingforherdaughter. D.Itisasweetandamusingfamilyphoto.6.Whydoestheauthorgoouttothebeach?A.Torecallpleasantmemoriesofthepast. B.Tomakeupforthepitiesofthepast.C.Toeasethepainoflosingherdaughter. D.Tostayconnectedwithherdaughter.7.Whatdoestheauthormainlywanttotellusthroughthistext?A.Speakupourdeeploveloudly. B.Liveforthecurrentmoment.C.Cherishthosewhoarepresent. D.Keeponmovingwithregret.【答案】4.A5.A6.D7.C【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】這是一篇記敘文。作者看到與女兒年齡相仿的女孩，憶起已逝女兒。又想起失去父母和朋友的經(jīng)歷，感慨應(yīng)珍惜當(dāng)下，如今常去海灘與女兒“對(duì)話”。【4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“Iwatchedhowshewastryingtogetabrokentreadmill(跑步機(jī))toworkbeforeshethrewupherhandsandmadeafrustratedbutcuteface,sortoflaughingtoherself.SomethingLilywouldhavedone.(我看著她如何試圖讓一臺(tái)壞了的跑步機(jī)工作，然后她舉起雙手，做了一個(gè)沮喪但可愛(ài)的臉，有點(diǎn)自嘲。Lily會(huì)做的事。)”可知，Lily在面對(duì)跑步機(jī)壞掉時(shí)，做出沮喪又可愛(ài)的表情，還自我解嘲地笑，所以在作者印象中Lily是可愛(ài)而溫柔的。故選A?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“Laterthatday,athome,IdiscoveredaphotoonmyphonefromDecember26,2022,exactlythedayafterthelastChristmasIspentwithLily,whileshewasgettingreadytoheadhome.Shewasn’tinarush,andIsaid,“Wait,let’sgetashotofyouandme.”Inthatlastpicture,wewereinthekitchen,ourarmsaroundeachother.Myfriendpointedoutit’sreallyapictureofusthree,becauseEricisbehindthecameraandoursmilesareforhim.We’relaughingatsomethinghesaid.(那天晚些時(shí)候，在家里，我在手機(jī)上發(fā)現(xiàn)了一張2022年12月26日的照片，正是我和Lily度過(guò)的最后一個(gè)圣誕節(jié)的第二天，當(dāng)時(shí)她正準(zhǔn)備回家。她并不著急，我說(shuō)：“等等，讓我們拍一張你和我的照片?！痹谧詈笠粡堈掌校覀?cè)趶N房里，雙臂摟著對(duì)方。我的朋友指出，這真的是我們?nèi)齻€(gè)人的照片，因?yàn)镋ric在鏡頭后面，我們的笑容都是為了他。我們因他說(shuō)的話而發(fā)笑。)”可知，當(dāng)時(shí)照片拍攝時(shí)，作者和Lily沒(méi)有匆忙行事，Eric給作者和女兒愉快而隨意地拍照，但當(dāng)時(shí)作者并未意識(shí)到這會(huì)是和Lily的最后一張照片，所以，當(dāng)時(shí)，它并沒(méi)有太大意義。故選A?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Igoouttothebeach,whereaseagullusedtojumpintheairtopickaFrenchfryoutofLily’shandwhenhesawher.“Yousawthatseagull,didn’tyou?”I’mtalkingloud,soshecanhearmeovertheroarofwaves.ItellherIwilllistenincaseshewantstosendmeamessage.(我去了海灘，在那里，一只海鷗看到Lily時(shí)，會(huì)跳到空中，從她手里抓薯?xiàng)l。“你看見(jiàn)那只海鷗了，是嗎？”我大聲說(shuō)話，這樣她就能在海浪的咆哮聲中聽(tīng)到我。我告訴她，如果她想給我發(fā)信息，我會(huì)聽(tīng)的。)”可知，作者去海灘是希望通過(guò)與和女兒有關(guān)的場(chǎng)景，與女兒保持某種聯(lián)系。故選D。【7題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Weoftendon’tgettoknowwhenit’sthelasttime.TheremusthavebeenalasttimeIplayedtenniswithmyfather,afinaltriptothemovieswithmymother,beforeIlostthembothtoacaraccident.AlastdinnerwithmyfriendJuliewhenwethoughtwehadplentyoftime,beforehercancerdiagnosischangedeverything.Iwasn’tpayingattentionthen,andIdidn’tthinkIneededto.(我們常常不知道這是最后一次。那一定是我最后一次和父親打網(wǎng)球，和母親最后一次去看電影，然后我就因?yàn)檐?chē)禍?zhǔn)チ怂麄儌z。最后一次和我的朋友Julie共進(jìn)晚餐時(shí)，我們認(rèn)為我們有足夠的時(shí)間，在她的癌癥診斷改變了一切之前。當(dāng)時(shí)我沒(méi)有注意，我也不認(rèn)為我需要注意。)”可知，文章通過(guò)講述作者失去女兒、父母、朋友等經(jīng)歷，意識(shí)到常常在不經(jīng)意間就度過(guò)了與親人朋友的最后時(shí)光，從而提醒人們要珍惜當(dāng)下身邊的人。故選C。CFromPestothepenguintoBiscuitstheseal—theinternetlovestoturnadorablebabyanimalsintoviralsensations.Butwhyarewesointerestedinsharingsomethingcutewithothersonsocialmedia?“Weseekoutcutenessbecauseitfeelsgood!”explainsPaulDale,theauthorofIrresistible:HowCutenessWiredOurBrainsandConqueredtheWorld.Sohowdoesourbraindefinecuteandwhydoesitreactthisway?ThefirststopforanyoneinterestedinthephenomenonofcutenessisAustrianethologistLorenz’slandmark1943paper,whichdescribesacollectionoffeaturesthatholdthekeytocuteness.Lorenzassumedthatourbrain’sresponsetocutenessisanevolutionaryadaptation:cutenesstriggers(引發(fā))inborncaregiving,nurturing,andprotectivebehaviorstoenhancethelikelihoodofspeciessurvival.Hebelievedourresponsetocutenesswasirresistible.ButLorenz’stheorydoesn’ttellthewholestory.AccordingtoSteinnes,aprofessorinbehavioralanalysis,there’smoreatplayherethansimplytriggeringcaregivinginstincts.“Whenweseesomethingcute,itevokesawiderangeofpowerful,predominantly(主要地)positive,emotions.Ourbrainhasaunique,rapid,andspecificresponse,withactivationinareaslinkedtoemotion,reward,motivation,andpleasure.”LikeSteinnes,Daleagreesthatourresponsegoesbeyondcaregiving,writinginhisbookthat“thefeelingofcutenessencouragesaffiliation,whichissocialbondinginabroadersensethanjustnurturing.Thisiswhyfeelingthatsomethingiscutemakesuswanttogetclosertoit,evenifwehavenoparticulardesiretoprotectornurtureit.”O(jiān)urinterest,ofcourse,extendsbeyondsocialmedia.Whilecontrolledinteractionswithwildlifecanincreaseourinterestinconservation,theymayalsofuelthedesireforwildanimalownershiporconveyacceptabilityofanimalexploitation.“It’snotjustaselfishpleasure.Feelingthedesiretoprotectandcareforacuteanimal,evenifit’sonlyanimage,encouragesempathyandcompassion,”Daleassuresus.“It’sbuiltintous,partofwhatmakesuswhoweare.Cutenessmakesushuman.”8.WhyarepenguinPestoandsealBiscuitsmentionedinparagraph1?A.Toattractreaders’curiosity. B.Todisplayaphenomenon.C.Tointroducethemaintopic. D.Toillustrateanassumption.9.WhatcanwelearnaboutLorenzandhistheory?A.Hedefinedthestandardofcuteness. B.Histheoryisevolutionism-based.C.Heisapioneerincutenessresearch. D.Histheoryisoutdatednowadays.10.WhatimpactdoescutenesshaveonourbrainaccordingtoSteinnesandDale?A.Itawakensournatureofparenting. B.Itsharpensareasinchargeofemotion.C.Itstrengthensourbondwithsociety. D.Itinspiresourintimacysubconsciously.11.WhatdoesDaleconveyaboutcutenessinthelastsentenceofthetext?A.Itarousesthepositivesideinhumanity. B.Itdistinguisheshumansfromanimals.C.Itisthecommonlanguageofmankind. D.Itreflectsthevaluesofhumanbeings.【答案】8.C9.B10.D11.A【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了人類(lèi)對(duì)于可愛(ài)感興趣這一現(xiàn)象并分析了背后的原因?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“FromPestothepenguintoBiscuitstheseal—theinternetlovestoturnadorablebabyanimalsintoviralsensations.Butwhyarewesointerestedinsharingsomethingcutewithothersonsocialmedia?(從企鵝佩斯托（Pesto）到海豹比斯基茨（Biscuits）——互聯(lián)網(wǎng)熱衷于將那些惹人喜愛(ài)的幼小動(dòng)物打造成網(wǎng)絡(luò)紅人。但我們?yōu)楹稳绱藷嶂杂谠谏缃幻襟w上與他人分享那些可愛(ài)的畫(huà)面呢)”及“Sohowdoesourbraindefinecuteandwhydoesitreactthisway?(那么我們的大腦是如何定義可愛(ài)的，為什么它會(huì)有這樣的反應(yīng)呢)”可知，文章第一段提及企鵝佩斯托（Pesto）到海豹比斯基茨（Biscuits）是為了引出文章的主要話題——大腦如何定義可愛(ài)。故選C。【9題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Lorenzassumedthatourbrain’sresponsetocutenessisanevolutionaryadaptation:cutenesstriggersinborncaregiving,nurturing,andprotectivebehaviorstoenhancethelikelihoodofspeciessurvival.Hebelievedourresponsetocutenesswasirresistible.(洛倫茲認(rèn)為，我們的大腦對(duì)可愛(ài)的反應(yīng)是一種進(jìn)化適應(yīng)：可愛(ài)觸發(fā)了天生的照顧、養(yǎng)育和保護(hù)行為，以提高物種生存的可能性。他相信我們對(duì)可愛(ài)的反應(yīng)是不可抗拒的)”可知，Lorenz提出的理論以進(jìn)化論為基礎(chǔ)。故選B?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“LikeSteinnes,Daleagreesthatourresponsegoesbeyondcaregiving,writinginhisbookthat“thefeelingofcutenessencouragesaffiliation,whichissocialbondinginabroadersensethanjustnurturing.Thisiswhyfeelingthatsomethingiscutemakesuswanttogetclosertoit,evenifwehavenoparticulardesiretoprotectornurtureit.”(和斯坦尼斯一樣，戴爾也認(rèn)為，我們的反應(yīng)超越了照顧，他在書(shū)中寫(xiě)道：“可愛(ài)的感覺(jué)鼓勵(lì)了歸屬感，這是一種更廣泛意義上的社會(huì)紐帶，而不僅僅是養(yǎng)育。這就是為什么當(dāng)我們覺(jué)得某樣?xùn)|西很可愛(ài)時(shí)，我們會(huì)想要靠近它，即使我們沒(méi)有特別想要保護(hù)或培育它?！?”可知，根據(jù)Steinnes和Dale的觀點(diǎn)，可愛(ài)對(duì)于我們大腦的影響在潛意識(shí)中激發(fā)了我們的親密關(guān)系。故選D?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段““It’snotjustaselfishpleasure.Feelingthedesiretoprotectandcareforacuteanimal,evenifit’sonlyanimage,encouragesempathyandcompassion,”Daleassuresus.“It’sbuiltintous,partofwhatmakesuswhoweare.Cutenessmakesushuman.”(“這不僅僅是一種自私的快樂(lè)。感受保護(hù)和照顧可愛(ài)動(dòng)物的欲望，即使它只是一個(gè)形象，也會(huì)激發(fā)同理心和同情心，”戴爾向我們保證?！斑@是我們與生俱來(lái)的，是我們成為自己的一部分?？蓯?ài)使我們成為人類(lèi)?！?”可知，戴爾認(rèn)為可愛(ài)激發(fā)了人性積極的一面。故選A。DParentshavealwaysblamedtheirteens’misbehaviorontheirkids’friends:theymaysaytheirkids“fellintobadcompany”or“gotinwiththewrongcrowd”.Topreventwhattheyseeasnegativeinfluences,parentshaverespondedwithstrategiesrangingfromcriticizingthewayward(任性的)companionstoforbiddinganycontactaltogether.Infact,however,parentslabelingakid’sfriendabadimpactactuallymakesbehaviorproblemsworse.Previousresearchhasprovidedapartialexplanationthatfitswithmostparents’experience.Themoreparentsprohibittheirchildrenfromassociatingwithfriendswhoareintrouble,themorethesekidsseekoutandsticktotheiroff-limitsfriends.Meanwhile,theirowntroublemaking,definedasbehaviorsincludingfightingandstealing,increases.Suchrebelliousbehaviorprovidesonlyapieceoftheanswer.Laursen,withhiscolleagues,setsoutabroaderexplanationinanewstudy.Researcherstrackedalmost600studentsaged9to14atthebeginning,middleandendofaschoolyear.Ateachpoint,thestudentsansweredaseriesofquestionsincludingtheiremotions,theirbehavior,theirrelationshipwiththeirmother,andtheirmother’sattitudestowardsthefriendstheyhad.Researchersalsoaskedthestudentstolistclassmatestheylikedordisliked—animportantdimensionthathadnotbeenconsideredinpriorresearch.Thenaclearpatternemerged.Wheneverachildhadbehaviorproblems—andtheirmotherdisapprovedoftheirfriends—thesepeers,inturn,dislikedthechildandthekid’sbehaviorgotworse.Whydidmom’sdisapprovalleadtomoreproblems?“It’sbecausetheclassmateshateit.Kidshatetheirparentsinterveninginpeerrelationships.”Laursensays.“Rejectedkidstendtohangoutwithotherexcludedkidswhothemselvesarelikelytohavebehaviorproblems.”“Theideathatparentalinterferenceinpeerfriendshipscanmakeachildseem‘uncool’topeersandsetthemoffonadisruptivetrackisareallynewinsight.”saysdevelopmentalpsychologistNinaMounts.“Ifparentswanttobeeffectiveinmiddleschool,theyhavetofosteraclose,warmrelationshipwiththeirkids.Inotherwords,youhavetostayinthegame—bytryingtocutyourkidsofffromtheirfriends,youareautomaticallyremovingyourselffromit.”12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“rebellious”inparagraph3mean?A.Criminal. B.Resistant. C.Abnormal. D.Dangerous.13.WhatadvantagesdoesLaursen’sexplanationhaveovertheformerone?A.Itchallengesparents’generalexperience. B.Itnoticesthechangeinparents’attitudes.C.Ittakeschildren’sfeedbackintoaccount. D.Itinquiresintochildren’ssocialnetwork.14.Whatisthedirectcausethatworsenschildren’sbehaviorproblems?A.Theinterventionoftheirparents. B.Themisguideofwaywardcompanions.C.Theisolationoftheirclassmates. D.Thepoorself-disciplineofthemselves.15.WhatdoesNinawarnaboutparents’interventionintheirchild’sfriendship?A.Itmakesthechildfeelunfairlytreated. B.Itimpairsthechild’simageamongpeers.C.Ittearstheirfamilyrelationshipapart. D.Itreducestheirweightinchild’sgrowth.【答案】12.B13.D14.C15.D【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一項(xiàng)研究，表明很多父母在孩子行為出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題時(shí)，會(huì)認(rèn)為孩子交往的伙伴不好，限制孩子的交往，結(jié)果孩子行為問(wèn)題得不到解決，甚至變得更糟，建議家長(zhǎng)不要過(guò)多干預(yù)孩子交友?！?2題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)Suchrebelliousbehavior所指代的上文“Themoreparentsprohibittheirchildrenfromassociatingwithfriendswhoareintrouble,themorethesekidsseekoutandsticktotheiroff-limitsfriends.Meanwhile,theirowntroublemaking,definedasbehaviorsincludingfightingandstealing,increases.(父母越是禁止他們的孩子與有麻煩的朋友交往，這些孩子就越會(huì)尋找并堅(jiān)持與那些不受限制的朋友交往。與此同時(shí)，他們自己制造麻煩的行為，包括打架和偷竊，也在增加)”可知，這些行為是叛逆行為，對(duì)父母的管束表示抗拒。resistant意為“抗拒的”意思相近。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Previousresearchhasprovidedapartialexplanationthatfitswithmostparents’experience.(之前的研究提供了符合大多數(shù)父母的經(jīng)歷的部分解釋)”及第四段“Researchersalsoaskedthestudentstolistclassmatestheylikedordisliked—animportantdimensionthathadnotbeenconsideredinpriorresearch.(研究人員還要求學(xué)生列出他們喜歡或不喜歡的同學(xué)——這是之前研究中沒(méi)有考慮到的一個(gè)重要方面)”可知，以前的研究?jī)H僅調(diào)查了孩子及其父母，而勞森的研究還調(diào)查了關(guān)于孩子的同學(xué)，調(diào)研內(nèi)容增加了孩子的社交關(guān)系。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Wheneverachildhadbehaviorproblems—andtheirmotherdisapprovedoftheirfriends—thesepeers,inturn,dislikedthechildandthekid’sbehaviorgotworse.(每當(dāng)一個(gè)孩子有行為問(wèn)題——而他們的母親就不喜歡他們的朋友——這些同齡人反過(guò)來(lái)也不喜歡這個(gè)孩子，孩子的行為就會(huì)變得更糟)”及“It’sbecausetheclassmateshateit.Kidshatetheirparentsinterveninginpeerrelationships.(那是因?yàn)橥瑢W(xué)們討厭它。孩子們討厭父母干預(yù)同伴關(guān)系)”和“Rejectedkidstendtohangoutwithotherexcludedkidswhothemselvesarelikelytohavebehaviorproblems.(被拒絕的孩子傾向于和其他被排斥的孩子一起出去玩，而這些孩子自己也可能有行為問(wèn)題)”可知，一些孩子行為問(wèn)題惡化的直接原因是其他孩子對(duì)他們的孤立。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Ifparentswanttobeeffectiveinmiddleschool,theyhavetofosteraclose,warmrelationshipwiththeirkids.Inotherwords,youhavetostayinthegame—bytryingtocutyourkidsofffromtheirfriends,youareautomaticallyremovingyourselffromit.(如果父母想在中學(xué)階段發(fā)揮作用，他們必須與孩子建立親密、溫暖的關(guān)系。換句話說(shuō)，你必須留在游戲中——如果你試圖把你的孩子和他們的朋友隔離開(kāi)來(lái)，你就自動(dòng)把自己從游戲中剔除了)”可知，妮娜建議家長(zhǎng)減少自己在孩子成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中的比重，不要過(guò)多干預(yù)孩子。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。InvisibleHabitsAreDrivingYourLifeAroundthenewyear,countlesspeopleresolvetoreformtheirbadhabitsandintroducebetterones.___16___.“Weliketothinkthatwe’redoingthingsforareason,thateverythingisdrivenbyagoal,”DavidNeal,apsychologistspecializinginbehaviorchange,toldme.Butgoalsseemlikeourprimarymotivationonlybecausewe’remoreconsciousofthemthanofhowstrongourhabitsare.Researchhassuggestedthathabitsarepracticallyautomatic“context-responseassociations”—afteryourepeatanactionenoughtimes,you’lldoitmindlesslyifyouencounterthecueandtheenvironment.“___17___,”Davidsays.“Itjustindicatesthatyourconsciousminddoesn’tneedtoparticipateintheinitiationorexecution(執(zhí)行)ofthebehavior.”O(jiān)urconsciousgoalsmightmotivateustorepeataparticularbehavior,andsoserveasthesparkthatgetsthehabitenginegoing.___18___,becauseoncetheysolidify,theycanbreakawayfromthegoalsthatinspiredthem.Ifourgoalsshift,contextcueswillstilltriggerhabitualbehavior.___19___.Ifyoudon’tlikesomethingthefirsttimeyoutryit,youprobablywon’trepeattheexperience.Buthabitscanpersisteveniftheiroutcomestopsbeingpleasing.InDavid’sstudy,peoplewiththehabitofeatingpopcornatthemoviesatemorestale(變質(zhì)的)popcornthanthosewithoutthehabit.It’snotsoterribletoenduresomestalepopcorn,butconsidertheconsequencesifmorecomplexhabitualactions—work-lifebalance,orinterpersonalrelationships—hangaroundpasttheirexpirationdate(過(guò)期).Neutralhabits,suchasthetimingofmyyogasession,canbehardesttoassess.Butbecausehabitswon’talwayshaveyourlatestintentionsinmind,it’sworthkeepinganeyeonthemtomakesuretheywon’tworkagainstyou.___20___.Butknowinghowtheywork—simplybecomingawareofhowunawareofthemwecanbe—canhelpgetyoutoalifewithaslittlestalepopcornaspossible.A.Likeitornot,peoplearedestinedtobebundledupwithhabits.B.Thatdoesn’tmeanthatpeoplehavenorecollectionofwhattheydid.C.Onceanactionbecomesahabit,youcanlosesightofwhatpromptsit.D.Yetthescienceofhabitsrevealsthattheyarenotsubjecttoourdesires.E.Habitsalsomaintaintheirindependencebynotbeingassensitivetorewards.F.Butevenhabitsthataredeliberatelybegunareworthreevaluatingeverysooften.G.However,peopletendtoexplaintheirhabitualbehaviorbyappealingtotheirdesires.【答案】16.D17.B18.F19.E20.A【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了無(wú)形的習(xí)慣是如何影響我們的生活的?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Aroundthenewyear,countlesspeopleresolvetoreformtheirbadhabitsandintroducebetterones.(新年前后，無(wú)數(shù)人決心改掉壞習(xí)慣，養(yǎng)成更好的習(xí)慣。)”可知，上文告訴我們?nèi)藗儧Q心改掉壞習(xí)慣，養(yǎng)成更好的習(xí)慣，D項(xiàng)意為“然而，習(xí)慣科學(xué)表明，它們不受我們欲望的支配?！?，選項(xiàng)與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，人們決心改掉壞習(xí)慣，養(yǎng)成更好的習(xí)慣，但習(xí)慣不受我們欲望的支配。故選D。【17題詳析】根據(jù)下文“Itjustindicatesthatyourconsciousminddoesn’tneedtoparticipateintheinitiationorexecution(執(zhí)行)ofthebehavior.(它只是表明你的意識(shí)不需要參與行為的發(fā)起或執(zhí)行。)”可知，下文告訴我們習(xí)慣表明你的意識(shí)不需要參與行為的發(fā)起或執(zhí)行，B項(xiàng)意為“這并不意味著人們不記得他們做了什么?！?，選項(xiàng)能夠引起下文，習(xí)慣并不意味著人們不記得他們做了什么，只是表明你的意識(shí)不需要參與行為的發(fā)起或執(zhí)行。故選B。【18題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Ourconsciousgoalsmightmotivateustorepeataparticularbehavior,andsoserveasthesparkthatgetsthehabitenginegoing.(我們有意識(shí)的目標(biāo)可能會(huì)激勵(lì)我們重復(fù)一種特定的行為，從而成為啟動(dòng)習(xí)慣引擎的火花。)”可知，上文告訴我們有意識(shí)的目標(biāo)有利于養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)意為“但即使是刻意養(yǎng)成的習(xí)慣，也值得偶爾重新評(píng)估?！?，選項(xiàng)與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，雖然有意識(shí)的目標(biāo)有利于養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣，但這種刻意養(yǎng)成的習(xí)慣也需要偶爾重新評(píng)估。故選F?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)下文“Ifyoudon’tlikesomethingthefirsttimeyoutryit,youprobablywon’trepeattheexperience.Buthabitscanpersisteveniftheiroutcomestopsbeingpleasing.(如果你第一次嘗試時(shí)不喜歡某件事，你可能不會(huì)重復(fù)這種經(jīng)歷。但即使結(jié)果不再令人愉快，習(xí)慣也會(huì)持續(xù)下去。)”可知，下文告訴我們即使你做某事時(shí)結(jié)果不令人愉快，習(xí)慣也會(huì)持續(xù)下去，習(xí)慣是具有獨(dú)立性的，E項(xiàng)意為“習(xí)慣也通過(guò)對(duì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)不那么敏感來(lái)保持獨(dú)立性?！?，選項(xiàng)能夠引起下文，下文具體解釋習(xí)慣是如何保持獨(dú)立性的。故選E?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)下文“Butknowinghowtheywork—simplybecomingawareofhowunawareofthemwecanbe—canhelpgetyoutoalifewithaslittlestalepopcornaspossible.(但是，了解它們是如何起作用的——只是意識(shí)到我們對(duì)它們的無(wú)知程度——可以幫助你過(guò)上盡可能少吃變質(zhì)爆米花的生活。)”可知，下文告訴我們應(yīng)該了解它們是如何起作用的，這對(duì)我們的生活有益，A項(xiàng)意為“不管你喜不喜歡，人們注定要和習(xí)慣捆綁在一起?！保x項(xiàng)能夠引起下文，正因?yàn)槿藗冏⒍ㄒ土?xí)慣捆綁在一起，所以我們要了解它們是如何影響我們的。故選A。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。IwassoexcitedabouttheLondonOlympicsandwantedtobeapartofit.AyearbeforetheGames,Ithought,they’regoingtoneedlifeguards,andGoogled“London2012volunteers”.I___21___therewouldbethousandsofapplicantsfortheOlympiclifeguardrole,soIdidn’texpecttohearback.But,afewweekslater,Iwasinvitedtoatwo-dayexamandsurprisinglypassed.I’veheardpeoplesay,“WhoneedslifeguardsattheOlympics?”“It’sthe___22___jobintheworld.”It’sbelittling(輕視).You’renota___23___,butyoumustbeprepared.Ifyoudon’tknowhowtopullsomebodyoutofthewater___24___,you’vedonethe___25___beforetheygetrealtreatment.Idon’tgetstarstruck,butyou’dbe___26___whenyou’restandingnexttosomeonelikeMichaelPhelps.OnedayIwaswaitingtostartmy___27___,whenhewalkedpassedandgaveusallhighfives.Whenyouseeathleteswin,youcelebratewiththem.Whentheyfail,yourheartbreaksforthem.That’snottosayit’snot___28___whenyou’reinthechair.Youdon’t___29___theracebecauseyou’resofocusedoncheckingeachathlete’s___30___toseeifanythingdoesn’tlookright.Whyishisarmdoingthat?What’shappeningwithhisfoot?Ishegettingcramp?Evennow,I’mstill___31___whilelifeguarding.Youcouldhaveapoolfullofthefittest-lookingpeople,butonecouldhaveahistoryofheartdisease.AttheParisOlympics,aSlovakianswimmer___32___afterherevent—shehadhadanasthma(哮喘)attack.Notallmedicalissuesare___33___.InowworkasalifeguardatapoolnearTelford.WheneverIwatchtheOlympics,Ialways___34___thelifeguards.There’sstuffgoingonbehindthescenesthatnoonerealize.We___35___andkeepcalm.Butifthere’saproblem,we’llstepforward.21.A.worried B.noticed C.checked D.figured22.A.humblest B.luckiest C.simplest D.dullest23.A.competitor B.paramedic C.volunteer D.superhero24.A.appropriately B.immediately C.successfully D.proficiently25.A.favour B.response C.damage D.survey26.A.dreaming B.suffering C.doubting D.marveling27.A.shift B.break C.trail D.round28.A.demanding B.professional C.accountable D.complicated29.A.appreciate B.understand C.withdraw D.remember30.A.performance B.movements C.difference D.conditions31.A.serious B.thrilled C.strained D.occupied32.A.wornout B.droppedout C.passedout D.brokeout33.A.predictable B.curable C.avoidable D.visible34.A.lookoutfor B.getthroughto C.standupfor D.turnbackto35.A.standby B.blendin C.carryon D.settledown【答案】21.D22.C23.B24.A25.C26.D27.A28.B29.D30.B31.C32.C33.D34.A35.B【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講的是作者在倫敦奧運(yùn)會(huì)期間擔(dān)任救生員的經(jīng)歷和感受。【21題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我估計(jì)會(huì)有成千上萬(wàn)的人申請(qǐng)奧運(yùn)會(huì)救生員的職位，所以我沒(méi)有想到會(huì)收到回復(fù)。A.worried擔(dān)心；B.noticed注意到；C.checked查看；D.figured認(rèn)為，估計(jì)。根據(jù)下文“therewouldbethousandsofapplicantsfortheOlympiclifeguardrole”可知，空后內(nèi)容是作者的估計(jì)。故選D?！?2題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這是世界上最簡(jiǎn)單的工作。A.humblest最卑微的；B.luckiest最幸運(yùn)的；C.simplest最簡(jiǎn)單的；D.dullest最愚鈍的。根據(jù)下文“It’sbelittling”可知，此處是說(shuō)這個(gè)工作是最簡(jiǎn)單的工作。故選C?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：你不是醫(yī)護(hù)人員，但你必須做好準(zhǔn)備。A.competitor競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者；B.paramedic護(hù)理人員；C.volunteer志愿者；D.superhero超級(jí)英雄。根據(jù)第一段“needlifeguards”和下文“beforetheygetrealtreatment”可知，此處是說(shuō)雖然救生員不是醫(yī)護(hù)人員，但是也要做好準(zhǔn)備。故選B?！?4題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：如果你不知道如何恰當(dāng)?shù)匕讶藦乃锢鰜?lái)，你在他們得到真正的治療之前就已經(jīng)造成了傷害。A.appropriately恰當(dāng)?shù)?；B.immediately立刻；C.successfully成功地；D.proficiently精通地。根據(jù)上文“Ifyoudon’tknowhowtopullsomebodyoutofthewater”可知，救生員應(yīng)該知道恰當(dāng)?shù)匕讶藦乃锢鰜?lái)。故選A。【25題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如果你不知道如何恰當(dāng)?shù)匕讶藦乃锢鰜?lái)，你在他們得到真