Unit4

SpaceExplorationDiscoveringUsefulStructures

MadebyErinLearningObjectivesBytheendofthisclass,youwillbeabletoUnderstandtheusageofinfinitivesasattributeandadverbial.Describespacefactsandeffortstoexplorespace.Useinfinitivescorrectlyincontext.Lead-in非謂語doingdonetodo動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行表主動(dòng)動(dòng)作已完成表被動(dòng)DiscussionDiscussfunctionsandmeaningsoftheinfinitives.Itrainedforalongtimetoflyairplanesasafighterpilot.目的狀語adverbial為了作為一名戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)飛行員而去駕駛飛機(jī)，我訓(xùn)練了很久。Discussfunctionsandmeaningsoftheinfinitives.Asweallknow,anastronautneedstobehealthyandcalminordertoworkinspace.目的狀語adverbial眾所周知，為了在太空工作一名宇航員需要健康和冷靜。Discussfunctionsandmeaningsoftheinfinitives.Firstofall,youmustbeintelligentenoughtogetarelatedcollegedegree.目的狀語adverbial首先，為了獲得相關(guān)大學(xué)學(xué)位你必須足夠聰慧。Discussfunctionsandmeaningsoftheinfinitives.Scientistsweredeterminedtorealizethedreamtoexplorespace.后置定語attribute科學(xué)家們下定決心實(shí)現(xiàn)探索太空的夢想。Discussfunctionsandmeaningsoftheinfinitives.On12April1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace.后置定語attribute1961年4月12日，尤里?加加林成為世上第一個(gè)進(jìn)入太空的人。Ihavenodesire

towrite.Theconference

totakeplaceinShanghainextweekisofgreatimportance.Therewasnothing

tobedone.Ihavealottosay.TheSmithswerethefirsttoarrive.不定式在句子中作__________________句子成分可修飾____________多置于被修飾詞_____多表示_________用法后置定語名詞或代詞后面將來Scientistsworkhardtofindoutthesecretsofuniverse.Asweallknow,anastronautsneedstobehealthyandcalminorder

toworkinspace.Youmustbeintelligentenoughtogetarelatedcollegedegree.不定式在句子中作__________________句子成分可表示_____________常見結(jié)構(gòu)有______________________________________用法目的狀語目的todo,inordertodo,soastodoUnderstandingInfinitivesasattribute不定式作定語Part1Practiceistheonlyway

tolearnalanguagewell.Hisability

togetonwellwithpeopleishischiefadvantage.Weshouldgetthecourage

tofacethechallenge.Sellersmadeanefforts

tokeeptheindustryfromdyingout.Ihavenodesire

toplaygames.抽象名詞ability,aim,attempt,right,chance,effort,opportunity,way,courage,decision,hope,wish,desire,dream,promise后面用動(dòng)詞不定式作定語。用法1【2021年全國甲卷七選五】It’sthebestway_____(get)rideofyourusedclothes,scoreclothesfromyoufriends,andhaveapartyallatthesametime.togetThenexttraintoarrivewasfromNewYork.ShewasthefirststudenttobeadmittedintoPekingUniversity.Hewastheonlyonetokeepmovingatthesamespeed.Itisrecognizedthatheis

thebestmantodothejob.序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)、theonly/thenext/thelast等或被這些詞修飾的名詞后面常用動(dòng)詞不定式作定語。用法2Heisalwaysthefirst_______(arrive)attheschoolandthelast_______(leave)theschool.toarrivetoleaveLetusgivehimsomething

toeat.Thequestion

tobediscussedatthemeetingisveryimportant.Theconference

totakeplaceinShanghainextweekisofgreatimportance.當(dāng)表示尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)，常用todo作后置定語。用法3Theairport_____________(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.tobecompletedTherewasnothing

tobedone.Wouldyoulikesomething

todrink?Ourschoolwasthefirstone

towinthisawardin2020.代詞one和不定代詞something,anything,nothing,everything等，用動(dòng)詞不定式作定語。用法4Doyouhaveanything__________(express)intheclass?toexpressWehavenothingtoeat.Wehavealothomeworktodo.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.動(dòng)詞不定式用在兩個(gè)句型中：

have…todotherebe…todo用法5Thereisnoone______(look)afterher.tolook注意Ihaveasuitablepentowritewith.Hehasnohousetolivein.Thereisnothingtotalkabout.作定語的動(dòng)詞不定式若是不及物動(dòng)詞(vi)，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞表示地點(diǎn)、工具等，則后面需加上相應(yīng)的介詞。工具地點(diǎn)不及物動(dòng)詞Tomdetermined_____(go)abroadforfurtherstudy.Noonelike__________(make)funof.Hepretend___________(read)whentheteachercamein.I’msorry____________(cause)yousomuchtroublelasttime.Thecarseems__________________(wash)already.

togo表動(dòng)作未發(fā)生todo

tobemadetodo表動(dòng)作未發(fā)生+bedone表被動(dòng)=tobedonepretend

to

do

sth+bedoing表正在進(jìn)行=tobedoing

tobereadingbesorry

to

do

sth+havedone表已完成=tohavedone

tohavecausedseem

to

do

sth+havebeendone已完成且被動(dòng)=tohavebeendone

tohavebeenwashed主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)意義一般式todotobedone表未發(fā)生（將來）進(jìn)行式tobedoing表正在進(jìn)行完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone表已完成（表動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前）Infinitivesasadverbial不定式作狀語Part2Itrainedforalongtimetoflyairplanesasafighterpilot.Asweallknow,anastronautneedstobehealthyandcalminordertowork

inspace.Togetarelatedcollegedegree,youmustbeintelligentenough.不定式在句子中作___________________位置：_____________常見結(jié)構(gòu)：____________________________________________________________________________用法1目的狀語句首或句末

todo,inorderto,soasto(soasto不能放句首)Sheisproudtowinthisaward.Hewasgladtobeinvitedtotheparty.不定式在句子中作___________________常用結(jié)構(gòu)：___________________形容詞常有：____________________________________________________________________________用法2原因狀語

主語+be

+

adj+todoexcited,anxious,glad,disappointed,lucky,proud,sorry,worried,shocked等表喜怒哀樂Hereturnedhometolearn

hisdaughterhadjustbeenengaged.Hewenthometofind

hisoldfriendGeorgewaitingforhim.不定式在句子中作___________________常用這些動(dòng)詞連用：______________________________________用法3結(jié)果狀語learn,find,see,hear,make等Shewassoangryastobeunabletospeak.Theboyisoldenoughtotakecareofhimself.Hehurriedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadleft.I’mtootiredtostayuplonger.不定式在句子中作___________________常用結(jié)構(gòu)：___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________用法3結(jié)果狀語so+adj+astodosuch+n+astodoenoughtodoonlytodo(表出乎意料的結(jié)果)too+adj/adv+todo注意主語+be

+

adj+todo，在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中用不定式主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。可用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞還有：________________________________________________________________easy,difficult,important,nice,pleasant,hard,dangerous,comfortable等Thesongishard_____(sing).Thequestioniseasy_____________(understand).Theproblemisdifficult__________(solve).tosingtounderstandtosolveTraining高考鏈接

Heboughtabookandwassurprised_________(find)apictureoftheartistPierreBonnardsittingonthesamechairinthesamegardenashisfather’spainting.Georgereturnedafterthewar,only__________(tell)thathiswifehadlefthim.Mary’ssister,FrancesToddWallance,oftencameover__________(plant)flowersinthefrontyard.Theairport______________(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.

(2013四川改)tofindtobetoldtoplanttobecompletedWearehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecision__________(make)atthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.(2012重慶)Volunteeringgivesyouachance_________(change)lives,includingyourown.(2013北京)Thestudentsarelookingforwardtohavinganopportunity_________(explore)societyofreal-lifeexperience.(2013

上海)Ihavealotofreadings___________(complete)beforetheendofthisterm.(2010

山東)tobemadetochangetoexploretocomplete_____________(strengthen)theconnectionwithyoungpeople,theeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia.(2022·全國乙卷)Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid－1980s，andareexpensive____________(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.(全國Ⅰ卷)Hegotupearlyandhurriedtothebusstation,only_______(find)theearlytrainhadgone.(2022·全國甲卷)AvisuallychallengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXi’an,asafirststep____________(journey)theBeltandRoadroute(路線)byfoot.TostrengthentoperformtofindtojourneyApplicationSending

people

to

other

planets

or

even

beyond

the

solar

system

is

not

an

easy

goal__________(achieve).Oneoftheproblemsisthatthetripwouldtakeaverylongtime.Forexample,________(use)currenttechnology，itwouldtakeovertwoyears_____(get)totheclosedseatplanetMarsandback.Althoughli