Tunnelconstruction

隧道施工

任務(wù)三排水措施Task3Drainagemeasures項(xiàng)目八隧道防排水工程施工Project8Constructionoftunnelwaterproofanddrainageworks2知識目標(biāo)通過本任務(wù)的學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)生應(yīng)掌握隧道的排水措施；了解隧道排水措施的施工過程；掌握隧道排水施工要點(diǎn)。KnowledgeobjectivesThroughthestudyofthistask,studentsshouldmasterthedrainagemeasuresofthetunnel;Understandtheconstructionprocessoftunneldrainagemeasures;Masterthekeypointsoftunneldrainageconstruction.學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)

Learningobjectives3能力目標(biāo)通過本任務(wù)的學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)生應(yīng)具備初步指導(dǎo)隧道排水施工的能力；具備團(tuán)結(jié)協(xié)作的能力。AbilityobjectivesThroughthestudyofthistask,studentsshouldhavetheabilitytopreliminarilyguidetunneldrainageconstruction;Havetheabilityofunityandcooperation.學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)

Learningobjectives課程引入：如何排出隧道內(nèi)的地下水Courseintroduction:howtodischargethegroundwaterinthetunnel隧道排水系統(tǒng)有哪些結(jié)構(gòu)組成？Whatarethestructuralcomponentsofthetunneldrainagesystem?一、隧道排水系統(tǒng)組成

Compositionoftunneldrainagesystem

環(huán)向排水盲管Circumferentialdrainageblindpipe

縱向排水盲管Longitudinaldrainageblindpipe

橫向排水盲管Transversedrainageblindpipe

側(cè)排水溝Sidedrainageditch

中央排水溝Centraldrainageditch

緩沖墊層排水Cushiondrainage一、隧道排水系統(tǒng)組成

Ⅰ.Compositionoftunneldrainagesystem二、緩沖墊層及排水板

Ⅱ.Cushionanddrainageboard1.緩沖墊層即土工布，有較好的透水性能，當(dāng)?shù)叵滤高^初期支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)層時，可以沿著土工布向下滲流，進(jìn)而匯入環(huán)向盲管或者縱向盲管。1.CushionThatis,thegeotextilehasgoodwaterpermeability.Whenthegroundwaterpassesthroughtheinitialsupportstructurelayer,itcanflowdownwardalongthegeotextileandthenintothecircumferentialblindpipeorlongitudinalblindpipe.土工布Geotextiles2.凸殼排水板使用高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）為原材料塑膠底板經(jīng)過沖壓制成圓錐突臺或加筋的凸點(diǎn)而成，可以快速有效導(dǎo)出滲水，大大減少甚至消除防水層的靜水壓，通過這種主動導(dǎo)水原理可以達(dá)到主動防水的效果。2.ConvexshelldrainplateHighdensitypolyethylene(HDPE)isusedastherawmaterial,andtheplasticbottomplateisstampedintoconicalprotrusionsorreinforcedbumps,whichcanquicklyandeffectivelyexportwaterseepage,greatlyreduceoreveneliminatethehydrostaticpressureofthewaterprooflayer,andtheeffectofactivewaterproofcanbeachievedthroughthisactivewaterguidingprinciple.

凸殼排水板Convexshelldrainplate二、緩沖墊層及排水板

Ⅱ.Cushionanddrainageboard三、排水盲管

Ⅲ.Drainageblindpipe1.環(huán)向盲管環(huán)向排水盲管是沿隧道環(huán)向進(jìn)行布設(shè)的，位于初期支護(hù)和防水板之間，材料一般選用Φ50mm的軟式透水管。提供過水通道，收集襯砌背后的地下水，并將收集到的地下水匯流到縱向盲管。1.AnnularblindpipeThecirculardrainageblindpipeisarrangedalongthecirculardirectionofthetunnelandislocatedbetweentheinitialsupportandthewaterproofboard.ThematerialisgenerallyselectedΦ50mmflexiblepermeablepipe.Provideawaterpassagetocollectthegroundwaterbehindtheliningandcollectthecollectedgroundwatertothelongitudinalblindpipe.

環(huán)向盲管Annularblindpipe

環(huán)向盲管安裝過程Installationprocessofannularblindpipe基面處理Basetreatment混凝土表面環(huán)向鉆定位孔Circulardrillingpositioningholeonconcretesurface依次打入膨脹螺栓Drivetheexpansionboltsinsequence

管卡固定Pipeclampfixing

完成安裝Completeinstallation保證初噴混凝土表面平整，無明顯漏水Ensurethatthesurfaceoftheinitialshotcreteisflatwithoutobviouswaterleakage相鄰定位孔間距30—50cmThespacingbetweenadjacentpositioningholesis30-50cm用管卡卡住盲管，固定在膨脹錨栓上，保證固定牢固，敷設(shè)順直Clamptheblindpipewithpipeclampandfixitontheexpansionanchorbolttoensurefirmfixationandsmoothandstraightlaying施工期間，可以根據(jù)地下水的滲漏情況靈活選擇相鄰兩根環(huán)向盲管的間距，一般為8-12米，若地下水發(fā)育，滲漏較多，相鄰盲管間距可適當(dāng)加密至3-5米。Duringconstruction,thedistancebetweentwoadjacentcircularblindpipescanbeflexiblyselectedaccordingtotheleakageofgroundwater,generally8-12m.Ifgroundwaterisdevelopedandtherearemanyleakage,thedistancebetweenadjacentblindpipescanbeappropriatelyincreasedto3-5M.三、排水盲管

Ⅲ.Drainageblindpipe

施工期間，可以根據(jù)地下水的滲漏情況靈活選擇相鄰兩根環(huán)向盲管的間距，一般為8—12米，若地下水發(fā)育，滲漏較多，相鄰盲管間距可適當(dāng)加密至3—5米。Duringconstruction,thedistancebetweentwoadjacentcircularblindpipescanbeflexiblyselectedaccordingtotheleakageofgroundwater,generally8-12m.Ifgroundwaterisdevelopedandtherearemanyleakage,thedistancebetweenadjacentblindpipescanbeappropriatelyincreasedto3-5M.三、排水盲管

Ⅲ.Drainageblindpipe2.縱向盲管是沿著隧道縱向設(shè)置在襯砌邊墻底部防水板與初期支護(hù)之間的透水盲管，通常采用直徑為不小于80mm的彈簧排水盲管或帶孔透水管。往往在隧道左右兩側(cè)邊墻底部各設(shè)一個縱向盲管，它與環(huán)向盲管和橫向排水盲管相連接，可以將環(huán)向排水盲管排下來的水匯集到一起，流向橫向排水盲管。三、排水盲管

Ⅲ.Drainageblindpipe2.LongitudinalblindpipeItisapermeableblindpipelongitudinallyarrangedbetweenthewaterproofboardatthebottomoftheliningsidewallandtheinitialsupportalongthetunnel.Generally,aspringdrainageblindpipeorperforatedpermeablepipewithadiameterofnolessthan80mmisused.Alongitudinalblindpipeisoftensetatthebottomofthesidewallsontheleftandrightsidesofthetunnel,whichisconnectedwiththeannularblindpipeandthetransversedrainageblindpipe,sothatthewaterdischargedfromtheannulardrainageblindpipecanbecollectedtogetherandflowtothetransversedrainageblindpipe.3.橫向盲管是位于襯砌基礎(chǔ)的下部，布設(shè)方向與隧道軸線垂直，是連接縱向排水管與側(cè)溝或中央排水溝的水流通道。將縱向排水管匯集的地下水排入水溝，因此要保證有足夠的排水坡度，使水順利流向水溝。橫向排水管的材料通常為高強(qiáng)度硬質(zhì)塑料，施工時先在縱向盲管上預(yù)留接頭。接頭要牢靠，保證縱向盲管與側(cè)溝或中央排水溝間的水路通暢，嚴(yán)防接頭處斷裂致使縱向盲管排出水在基床面下漫流，造成翻漿冒泥。3.TransverseblindpipeItislocatedatthelowerpartoftheliningfoundation,andthelayoutdirectionisperpendiculartothetunnelaxis.Itisawaterflowchannelconnectingthelongitudinaldrainagepipewiththesideditchorcentraldrainageditch.Theundergroundwatercollectedbythelongitudinaldrainagepipeshallbedischargedintotheditch.Therefore,sufficientdrainageslopeshallbeensuredtomakethewaterflowsmoothlytotheditch.Thematerialoftransversedrainagepipeisusuallyhigh-strengthhardplastic.Duringconstruction,jointsshallbereservedonthelongitudinalblindpipe.Thejointshallbefirmtoensurethatthewaterpathbetweenthelongitudinalblindpipeandthesideditchorcentraldrainageditchisunobstructed,andstrictlypreventthefractureatthejointfromcausingthewaterdischargedfromthelongitudinalblindpipetooverflowunderthesubgradebedsurface,resultinginslurryandmud.三、排水盲管

Ⅲ.Drainageblindpipe

三種盲管統(tǒng)稱排水盲管，在隧道中按照設(shè)計相互連通，管體間采用變徑三通連接，組成完整有效的排水系統(tǒng)。連接完成后需進(jìn)行通水試驗(yàn)，檢驗(yàn)排水效果。驗(yàn)收合格后，完成排水盲管的鋪設(shè)。Thethreekindsofblindpipesarecollectivelyreferredtoasdrainageblindpipes,whichareconnectedwitheachotherinthetunnelaccordingtothedesign,andthepipebodiesareconnectedbyreducingteetoformacompleteandeffectivedrainagesystem.Aftertheconnectioniscompleted,awatertestshallbecarriedouttocheckthedrainageeffect.Afterpassingtheacceptance,thelayingofblinddrainagepipesshallbecompleted.三、排水盲管

Ⅲ.Drainageblindpipe四、排水溝

Ⅳ.Drainageditch1.側(cè)排水溝是隧道底部兩側(cè)設(shè)置的排水溝，主要用于匯集地下水，并將地下水引入中央排水溝。1.SidedrainageditchItisadrainageditchsetonbothsidesofthebottomofthetunnel,whichismainlyusedtocollectgroundwaterandintroducegroundwaterintothecentraldrainageditch.

沉淀Precipitate

排水Drainage側(cè)排水溝設(shè)置要求（1）側(cè)溝坡度應(yīng)與線路坡度一致；（2）側(cè)溝斷面應(yīng)根據(jù)水量大小進(jìn)行確定，保證有足夠的過水能力，而且便于清理和檢查；（3）單線隧道最好設(shè)置雙側(cè)排水溝，雙線及多線隧道應(yīng)設(shè)置雙側(cè)及中央排水溝；（4）洞內(nèi)水溝均應(yīng)設(shè)置蓋板；（5）電纜槽可設(shè)置泄水孔接入側(cè)溝，道床積水通過縱橫向排水盲管引入側(cè)溝。Sidedrainageditchsettingrequirements(1)Theslopeofsideditchshallbeconsistentwiththelineslope;(2)Thecrosssectionofthesideditchshallbedeterminedaccordingtothewatervolumetoensuresufficientwatercarryingcapacityandfacilitatecleaningandinspection;(3)Itisbettertosetbilateraldrainageditchesforsingletracktunnels,andbilateralandcentraldrainageditchesshouldbesetfordoubletrackandmultitracktunnels;(4)Coverplatesshallbesetforallditchesinthetunnel;(5)Thecabletrenchcanbeprovidedwithdrainholestoaccessthesideditch,andtheaccumulatedwaterinthetrackbedisintroducedintothesideditchthroughverticalandhorizontalblinddrainagepipes.四、排水溝

Ⅳ.Drainageditch2.中央排水溝

是主要排水通道，同時可以匯集道床頂部積水，疏干底板下積水。中央排水管可采用蓋板明溝或暗埋管溝的形式。其中，暗埋管溝一般采用帶孔預(yù)制混凝土管段拼接而成，縱向間隔一定距離設(shè)置檢