PAGE1-細微環(huán)節(jié)理解專練(一)——干脆信息類A[2024·沈陽監(jiān)測一]Onaverage,primaryschoolchildreninEnglandhaveatleastthreesugarysnacksaday,PublicHealthEngland(PHE)found.Thismeansthatthesugartheyconsumeisthreetimesmorethantherecommendedmaximum.Childrenbetweentheagesof4and10consume51.2%ofsugarfromunhealthysnacks.PHEhaslaunchedacampaign,Change4Life,toencourageparentstolookforhealthiersnacksofnomorethan100calories,andtolimitthemtotwoaday.Thecampaignadvisesparentstogivetheirchildrenamaximumoftwosnacksaday,witheachcontainingnomorethan100calories.Thecampaignwillalsoofferparentsspecialsuggestionsonarangeofhealthiersnacks—oneswith100caloriesorfewer—atselectedsupermarkets,PHEsaid.PHEsaidithadalsoimproveditsappsothatitcouldmarkthecontentofsugar,saltandfatinfoodanddrinks.DrAlisonTedstonetoldtheBBCshehopedthecampaignwouldhelpparentstochoosehealthiersnacksfortheirchildren.“Ifyouwanderthroughasupermarket,youcanseemuchmoregoodsbeingsoldassnacksthaneverbefore，”shesaid,“It'sacommonphenomenonthatkids'lunchboxesarefullofsnacks,leadingtoalotofcaloriesforlunch.Ourresearchshowsthatparentsusuallyappreciatearuleofthumb(閱歷法則).However,theyaresurprisedtoknowhowmuchsugartheirchildrenareconsuminginsnacksnow.”JustineRoberts,founderofMumsnet,said,“Theintake(攝入量)ofsugarthatkidsaregettingfromsnacksandsugarydrinksaloneisprettyastonishing,anditcanoftenbedifficulttodistinguishwhichsnacksarehealthyandwhicharenot.TheruleofthumbfromChange4Lifecanhelpparentsmaketheirdecisioncorrectlyandwisely.”體裁：說明文題材：健康飲食主題：限制孩子的含糖零食【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。調(diào)查顯示，英國小學(xué)生平均每天至少吃三份含糖零食，這意味著這些孩子消耗的糖是舉薦的最大量的三倍。對此，英國公共衛(wèi)生部門發(fā)起了一項名為Change4Life的活動，激勵父母們找尋健康零食，并將其限制在每天兩份?！倦y句分析】Thismeansthatthesugartheyconsumeisthreetimesmorethantherecommendedmaximum.分析：該句為主從復(fù)合句。句中“thatthesugartheyconsume...maximum”為that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，作及物動詞means的賓語，其中“theyconsume”作thesugar的定語。譯文：這意味著他們消耗的糖是舉薦的最大量的三倍。1．Intermsofsnacks,theChange4Liferecommendsthatchildrenhaveatmost________.A．onesnackadayB．threesnacksadayC．100caloriesadayD．200caloriesaday答案與解析：D考查細微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)其次段第三句“Thecampaignadvisesparentstogivetheirchildrenamaximumoftwosnacksaday,witheachcontainingnomorethan100calories”可知，該活動建議父母每天給孩子最多兩份零食，每份(所含熱量)不超過100卡路里的零食；據(jù)此可知，該項運動建議孩子每天最多消耗200卡路里的零食，故D項正確。2．WhatcanPHE'simprovedapphelpparentsdo?A．Testthecaloriesofsnacks.B．Choosedelicioussnacks.C．Knowtheexactcontentinsnacks.D．Savemuchmoneytobuysnacks.答案與解析：C考查細微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)第三段第一句“PHEsaidithadalsoimproveditsappsothatitcouldmarkthecontentofsugar,saltandfatinfoodanddrinks”可知，英國公共衛(wèi)生部表示，他們還改進了自己的應(yīng)用程序，以便能夠標記食物和飲料中糖、鹽和脂肪的含量；據(jù)此可知，PHE改進的應(yīng)用程序能幫助父母了解零食的成分，故C項正確。3．WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromJustineRoberts'words?A．Mostparents'formerexperienceaboutsnacksispractical.B．Itiseasytotellhealthysnacksandunhealthysnacksapart.C．Childrenonlytakeinlotsofsugarfromsnacksanddrinks.D．Change4Lifeismeaningfulforparents'decisionsonsnacks.答案與解析：D考查推理推斷。依據(jù)尾段JustineRoberts所說的話“TheruleofthumbfromChange4Lifecanhelpparentsmaketheirdecisioncorrectlyandwisely”可知，來自Change4Life的閱歷法則能幫助父母正確而明智地作出確定；由此可推知，Change4Life對父母在零食上作出的確定有意義，故D項正確。4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．SolvetheHealthProblemsofChildrenB．ChangetheEatingHabitsofChildrenC．LimitChildren'sIntakeofCaloriesD．EnsureChildren'sHealthyLifestyle答案與解析：C考查標題推斷。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了英國衛(wèi)生部門發(fā)起的名為Change4Life的活動，以限制兒童的糖攝入量，故C項最適合作文章標題。B[2024·福建省質(zhì)量檢查]MyneighborOrlandoisaparamedic(護理人員).HeandhiswifearesomeofthenicestpeopleIhaveevermet.Afewyearsbackwestartedthissortof“favorwar”，whereoneofuswoulddosomethingfortheother,suchasshoveling(鏟)hisdrivewayorhelpinghimbuildashed,andnexttimetheotherwouldtrytotopitwithanotherfavor.Yesterdaymorningtherewasmaybe2or3feetofsnowonthegroundandIrememberedheshoveledmydrivewayformelastsnowfall.SoItookoutmyshovelandtookcareofbothoursidewalksanddrivewaysbecauseitwasmyturntodoafavorback.IttookawhilebutIfinishedandgotintomycarforwork.WhatIdidn'trealizewasthatOrlandohadtoworkthatdaytoo.FastforwardtothismorningIgotaknockonmydoor.Itwashim.HeimmediatelyshookmyhandandinformedmethatbecauseIshoveledhisdrivewayandsidewalkforhim,hewasabletogettoworkearlier.Assoonashestartedhisshift,acallcamethroughthatayoungboywasinamedicalemergency.Luckilyheandhispartnerwereonlyabout2minutesaway,butthenextclosestambulancewasin10minutes.Thiskiddidnothave10minutes.Hebarelyhad2minutes.Becausemyneighborgottoworksooner,theyoungboygottolivehislife.Thisisn'tabrag(吹噓).Thisistoinformothersthateventhesmallestfavorscanhavethebiggestimpacts.Itwasn'ttoomuchoftroubletoshovelhisdrivewayforhim,butbecauseIdid,theyoungkidgottoseehisfamilyagain,gobacktoschoolagain,talktohisfriendsagainandlivehislife.體裁：記敘文題材：人際關(guān)系主題：小善舉，大作用【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文?！拔摇焙袜従覱rlando總是相互幫助，這次下雪，“我”幫助他鏟除了道路上的積雪，讓他能很快去上班。一個等待急救的男孩在他的剛好救治下擺脫了危急?！拔摇钡纳婆e救了孩子一命?！臼煸~生義】shift常用義：v.轉(zhuǎn)移例句：TheactionofthenovelshiftsfromParistoLondon.小說情節(jié)從巴黎移到了倫敦。本句義：n.輪班例句：Hisfatherworkedshiftsinasteelmill.他的父親在一家鋼鐵廠輪班工作?！倦y句分析】Afewyearsbackwestartedthissortof“favorwar”，whereoneofuswoulddosomethingfortheother,suchasshoveling(鏟)hisdrivewayorhelpinghimbuildashed,andnexttimetheotherwouldtrytotopitwithanotherfavor.分析：該句為主從復(fù)合句。句中“whereoneofuswoulddosomethingfortheother...withanotherfavor”為where引導(dǎo)的定語從句，先行詞為“favorwar”，where在從句中作地點狀語。譯文：幾年前我們起先這種“互助活動”，在活動中我們中的一個人會幫助另一個人做一些事情，如鏟除他的車道上的積雪或幫助他建一個棚，下次對方會盡量用另一件事來更好地回報。5．WhatcanweknowaboutthewriterandOrlando?A．Theyoncehadaconflict.B．Theysignedafavorableagreement.C．Theyfavorshovelingsnowtogether.D．Theyarealwaysreadytohelpeachother.答案與解析：D考查細微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)第一段第三句“Afewyearsbackwestartedthissortof‘favorwar’，whereoneofuswoulddosomethingfortheother,suchasshoveling(鏟)hisdrivewayorhelpinghimbuildashed,andnexttimetheotherwouldtrytotopitwithanotherfavor”可知，幾年前我們就起先這種“相互活動”，一個人幫助另一個人之后，下一次便由對方供應(yīng)幫助；據(jù)此可知，作者和Orlando總是樂意相互幫助，故D項正確。6．Whosavedtheboybeforeitwastoolate?A．Thewriter.B．Theboy'sparents.C．Orlandoandhiswife.D．Orlandoandhispartner.答案與解析：D考查細微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)第三段第五句“Luckilyheandhispartnerwereonlyabout2minutesaway,butthenextclosestambulancewasin10minutes”，并結(jié)合該段內(nèi)容可知，Orlando和他的搭檔離醫(yī)院只有大約兩分鐘的車程，他們很快上班挽救了男孩的生命，故D項正確。7．Whatdoesthewriterintendtotellus?A．Neveraskfortrouble.B．Nofavoristoosmall.C．Onecannotalwaysbelucky.D．Don'tloseheartinanemergency.答案與解析：B考查寫作意圖。通讀全文，尤其是尾段其次句“Thisistoinformothersthateventhesmallestfavorscanhavethebiggestimpacts”可知，本文是為了告知讀者，即使是最小的幫助也能產(chǎn)生最大的影響，故B項正確。C[2024·武漢四月調(diào)研]Whileelephantsbornwithouttusks(長牙)arenotunheardof,theynormallyformjust2to6percentofthepopulation.However,thatisnotthecaseatMozambique'sGorongosaPoolesaysbeforethecountry's15-year-longconflict,theparkwashometoover4,000elephants.However,bythetimetheconflictendedin1992,about90percentofthemhadbeenkilledforivorytogetmoney.Ofthelessthan200survivors,over50percentofadultfemaleshadnotusks.Therefore,itisnotsurprisingthatthepark'stusklesselephantpopulationhasgrowngreatly.Thisisnotthefirsttimeresearchershaveobservedagreatchangeinthepopulationofelephants.AtZambia'sSouthLuangwaNationalParkandLupandeGameManagementArea,areaswhichwereheavilyhuntedinthe1970sand1980s,35%ofelephants25yearsoldorolderand13%ofthoseyoungerthan25arenowwithouttusks.A2008studypublishedintheAfricanJournalofEcologyfoundthatthenumberoftusklessfemalesattheRuahaTherecentbanonivoryinboththeUSandChinashouldhelpgetridof,oratleastreduce,elephanthunting.However,scientistsarenotsurehowlongitwilltakeforelephantswithahigherrateoftusklessfemales,tochangethe_trend.體裁：說明文題材：人與自然主題：沒有長牙的大象【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。在1992年，在莫桑比克的Gorongosa國家公園，有33%的雌象誕生時就沒有長牙，大象行為專家認為，這是人們?yōu)榱双@得寶貴的象牙，而對大象進行持續(xù)不斷的獵殺而造成的非自然的進化?！倦y句分析】However,thatisnotthecaseatMozambique'sGorongosaNationalPark,whereanastonishing33percentoffemaleelephantsbornafterthecountry'sconflictendedin1992aretuskless.分析：該句為主從復(fù)合句。句中“whereanastonishing33percentoffemaleelephantsbornafterthecountry'sconflictendedin1992aretuskless”為where引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞“Mozambique'sGorongosaNationalPark”；其中“bornafterthecountry'sconflictendedin1992”為過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾名詞“femaleelephants”。譯文：然而，這在莫桑比克的Gorongosa國家公園并非如此。在那里，令人驚異的是，在1992年國家沖突結(jié)束后，有33%的雌象誕生時就沒有長牙。8．WhatistheprobablecauseofthephenomenonmentionedinParagraph1?A．Illegalhunting.B．Constantfarming.C．Apurecoincidence.D．Naturalevolution.答案與解析：A考查細微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)第一段尾句“Theresearcherthinkswemaybewitnessingunnaturalevolutionofthespeciesduetotheconstanthuntingofelephantsforvaluableivory”可知，這位探討人員認為，由于持續(xù)不斷地獵殺大象以獲得寶貴的象牙，我們可能正在目睹該物種的非自然進化。據(jù)此可知，第一段中提到的現(xiàn)象的可能緣由是非法獵殺大象，故A項正確。9．WhydidpeoplekillsomanyelephantsduringtheconflictinMozambique?A．Togetmoneybysellingivory.B．Todevelopnewdecorations.C．Toprovidefoodforlocalpeople.D．Tomakeivoryproducts.答案與解析：A考查推理推斷。依據(jù)其次段其次句“However,bythetimetheconflictendedin1992,about90percentofthemhadbeenkilledforivorytogetmoney”可知，人們獵殺大象是為了通過銷售象牙來獲得錢，故A項正確。10．Whichofthefollowinghadth