英語學(xué)科講義中考沖刺：首字母之不定代詞中考沖刺：首字母之不定代詞一、課前檢測：Ididn’tthinkIhadapassion(激情).IwouldsitinfrontoftheTVallday,thinkingaboutnothingbutthenextshow.ItwasnotlongagothatIfirstlearnedhowimportanthavingapassionistolife.OnthatdayIwentwithmymumtodrivemysistertothegym.Iwasbored.Then,asmymumstoppedataredlight,sonthesideoftheroadcaughtmyeye.Itwasamandressedinrags(衣衫襤褸).Hewashomeless.Thatdidn’tinterestme,forIhadseenmanylikehimb.

Butinsomewayshewasd.Thismanwasnotsittingdownwithasadexpression.Hehadaradioinhishandandwasdancinghtothemusic.Theradioseemedtobethemostprecious(珍貴)thinghehad.

“Mum,whydoesthatmanhavearadioeventhoughthe’shomeless?”Iasked.

“Heboughtit,”shereplied.

“Butifhe’shomeless,whydoesn’theusethemoneytobuyfoodorclothes?Hewitonsomethinghedoesn’tneed.”

“Well,Sarah,sometimesfoodandclothesaren’tthemostimportantthings.Weneedhappiness,too.”

Thatmanmustcenoughmusictobuyaradioinsteadoffoodorclothes.Isoonrealizedthathappinessisthektolife.Withoutit,there’snothingtolookforwardto.Apassiongivesapersonthehappinesstheyneedtokeepgoing.

81.someone/somebody82.before83.different84.happily85.wasted86.care87.key【解析】：此篇閱讀首字母題材為中考常見小品文，此類閱讀要求學(xué)生不僅要理解文章中的小故事而且要抓住文章的中心思想，即寓于故事當(dāng)中的人生道理。81題：考查不定代詞someone/somebody做主語，本題難度不大，注意到后文Itwasamandressedinrags(衣衫襤褸)即可填出，但有不少學(xué)生由于不定代詞不夠熟悉而導(dǎo)致失分。82題：考查句意理解，注意到句子當(dāng)中for引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，意思是因?yàn)槲抑耙娺^很多像他一樣的人即可填出。83題：考查形容詞different做表語。此空需要結(jié)合上下文信息，上文已提到他caughtmyeye，而且后文也一直在寫這個(gè)人無家可歸卻把錢花在買收音機(jī)上，由此可知他與眾不同，及different.84題：考查副詞happily作狀語修飾dance這個(gè)動作。由后文可知這個(gè)人很喜歡音樂，且故事的中心是關(guān)于快樂的真諦，所以判斷是跟著音樂一起快樂起舞。85題：考查動詞waste做謂語動詞，由上下文可知，故事中的主人公雖然無家可歸但是卻花錢買了收音機(jī)，這一行為在作者看來是把錢浪費(fèi)在不必要的東西上，所以想到waste并不難，但由于這個(gè)句子的上下文都用的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)而此空因?yàn)槭找魴C(jī)已經(jīng)買了，應(yīng)該填過去時(shí)，即wasted.學(xué)生容易忽略時(shí)態(tài)變化。86題：此題考查動詞care做謂語動詞，表示在意。根據(jù)故事可知，故事主人公在缺衣少食的情況下把錢花在了收音機(jī)上，說明他比起衣服食物更在意或更喜歡音樂。87題：此題考查名詞key做表語，表示生活的真諦。根據(jù)故事的情節(jié)及后面的介詞to提醒，可以填出key.二、專題精講一、不定代詞解密不定代詞：即不指明代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞。常用不定代詞有：some（something，somebody，someone）any（anything，anybody，anyone）no（nothing，nobody，noone）every（everything，everybody，everyone，）all，each，both，much，many，（a）little，（a）fewother（s），another，none，one，either，neither不定代詞大都可以代替名詞和形容詞，在句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語和狀語。1．作主語Bothofthemareteachers．他們兩人都是教師。2．作賓語Iknownothingaboutthisperson．我對這個(gè)人一無所知。3．作表語Allyouhaveisnothing．你所擁有的什么都不是。4．作定語Thereisalittlewaterintheglass．玻璃杯里有一些水。5．作狀語Ican'tfindmybookanywhere．我在任何地方都不能找到我的書。如何判斷空格里的單詞是不定代詞呢？如何判斷空格里的單詞是不定代詞呢？由于不定代詞可以在句子中做很多成分，所以不定代詞不像動詞、形容詞等有較為規(guī)律的位置出現(xiàn)。但是這并不妨礙我們做好首字母填空，因?yàn)椴欢ù~是可以直接按照上下語境，語句意思來判斷的，省略了判斷詞性這一步。其實(shí)是比其他詞性更簡單好填些。我們在歷年中考真題中來仔細(xì)看看不定代詞是不是比較容易來判斷。二、解題技巧首字母閱讀高頻詞匯梳理—代詞首字母閱讀高頻詞匯梳理—代詞anyoneanythingeithernothingoneshimselfherselfhersOurselvesothersminemyselfnothingnobodysomethingselfThese/Theythemyourself歷年上海中考英語首字母填空動不定代詞出現(xiàn)情況Eightoutoftenteenagerssaidtheymetfriendsonceaweek.NineoutoftensaidtheycontactedfriendsthroughtheInternet.A86popularwayofcontactingfriendswasthetelephone.Everyonewesurveyedsaidtheyspoketofriendseveryday.Mostsaidtheyspokeabouttwentyminutesaday.【講解】通過句子成分分析，此處填入形容詞比較合適，根據(jù)前句中的contactedfriendsthroughtheInternet和本句contactingfriendswasthetelephone的對比得知填入的“另一，再一”所以another比較合適。EventhoughHolmeshasknowledgeaboutmanysubjects,suchaschemistry,botany(植物學(xué))andanatomy,hestillneedsDrWatson’shelptofightwithhim.Weshouldalsohaves__86___tohelpyou,especiallyifyoudon’tknowasmuchasHolmes.【講解】此段都說的是要有一個(gè)助手來幫助自己，那么助手也可以說是“某個(gè)人”，所以someone合適。WhenIwasatuniversity,Istudiedveryhard.Butalotofmyfriendsdidveryl81work.Somejustdidenoughtopasstheexam.Othersdidn’tdoquiteenough.FredBraineswassuchastudent.HespentmoretimedrinkingintheTeaHousethanworkinginthelibrary.【講解】根據(jù)前后文對比，but一詞表達(dá)出前后文意思是相反的，“作者學(xué)習(xí)努力，而他的同學(xué)學(xué)得很少”，所以答案是little，比較簡單。Week1Thisweek,myfamilytriedtosaveelectricity.Weneverleftthelightsonwhenleavingtherooms.WeswitchedofftheTVwhenn92waswatchingit.不定代詞nobody【講解】缺乏主語，一般就是名詞就是代詞，再看詞義，Weneverleftthelightsonwhenleavingtherooms這句話跟92空所在的這一句話豈不是一個(gè)意思?一個(gè)說是人不在家時(shí)，電腦關(guān)掉，后面再舉一個(gè)例子，就是電視也要關(guān)掉，當(dāng)____在看的時(shí)候。Don’tspendlongerthanthirtyminutestryingtofallasleep.Ifyoucan’tgettosleepafterhalfanhour,getupanddos97quiet,likereading.Onlygobacktobedwhenyoufeeltired.不定代詞something【講解】此題憑語感可能更好做一點(diǎn)。但若是學(xué)生沒有語感，那只能按照套路去分析一下。此題直接判斷詞義。讓學(xué)生注意關(guān)鍵詞like，like意味著后面是舉例子，舉例子是為了干嘛？不就是為了闡釋前面的意思嗎？所以reading是quiet的，但是reading只是舉的一個(gè)例子，還有很多跟reading類似的quiet的事情呢，所以那些事情可以用something來指代。A__95__goodreasonforreadingbooksisthatitisuseful.不定代詞Another【講解】這個(gè)空還是很好判斷的，因?yàn)榍懊嬲f了一個(gè)reason，再說另一個(gè)時(shí)，只能用another這個(gè)不定代詞了。讓學(xué)生熟悉這些代詞?！锊欢ù~基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練試題:1．Allofuswereinvited,butn____ofuscame.2．TheweatherinShanghaiisdifferentfromt____inBaotou.3．Thebottleisempty.Thereisn____init.4．Today,toomanytreesarestillbeingcutdowns________intheworld.5．Thesesweatersaretoosmallforme.Pleaseshowmea____one.6．“Whichofthetwodictionariesdoyoulikebetter?”“Ilike____,becausethey'renotuseful.”7．Theywereallverytired,but____ofthemwouldstoptotakearest.8．____ofthemhasadictionaryand____oneofthemcanlookupwordsinthedictionary.9．Myfatherisverybusywithhiswork.Hehas____timetodothehousework.答案：none;that;nothing;somewhere;another;neither;none;Each;every;Little課堂練習(xí)：【例1】（上海閱讀C篇）限時(shí)8分鐘TheLondonOlympicGamesareontheway.YoumayhaveanicetripinLondonwiththehelpofthefollowinginformation.GettingaroundinLondonByundergroundTheundergroundisfastandconvenient.Thereisastationeveryfewblocks.Undergroundtrainsrunfrom5:30a.m.to12:00midnight.Youcangettoanyplacee_____86_____.

BybusTravellingbybusisagoodwaytoseethecity,especiallyfromthetopofadouble-deckerbus.Thereisalwaysabusstopnearby.Therearespecialticketsforc_____87_____undertheageof12.BytrainTakeatraintovisitplacesoutsideLondon,likeHamptonCourtandWindsorCastle.YoucanuseaTravelcardontheunderground,busesandmosttrains.Top_____88_____yourjourney,getamapfromtherailwaystations,takesometimetothinkabouttheplacesyouwanttovisit.

BytaxiLondon’sblacktaxisaref_____89_____.ManyvisitorstoLondonknowtheyaregoodandcomfortable.Theywillcostyouafewpounds,though.Takeataxionce,fortheexperience.Byb_____90_____The“riverbus”leavesfromWestminsterPierandstopsatdifferentplacesbetweenWestminsterandGreenwichPier.AgoodwaytoseethecityfromtheRiverThames.BycarDon’tdriveyourcarinLondon!Carparksareverye_____91_____.Youhavetopayaspecialcongestioncharge(擁堵費(fèi))todriveyourcarintothecitycentre.BybikeTherearen’tmanygoodbicyclelanesinLondon.Cyclingwithalargeguidedgroupisbetterthanr_____92_____alone.OnfootThebestwaytovisitthecity!Butlookrightandleftbeforeyoucrossastreet.Therearemanybeautifulsightswaitingforyou.【參考答案】easily、children、plan/prepare、famous、expensive、riding【例題解析】本篇文章是以倫敦奧運(yùn)會為背景，介紹了在倫敦旅行的出行方式。整篇文章難度中等，著重考查基本的閱讀理解能力以及詞匯運(yùn)用的能力。86題，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可以判斷出是副詞。整段描述的是地鐵非常方便快捷，所以可以很容易的去任何地方。87題，通過后文的“在12歲以下”這樣一個(gè)定語，可以判斷此類特殊票是為孩子設(shè)計(jì)的。88題，首先要理解todo的其中一個(gè)含義為表達(dá)目的，即“為了做......”,然后根據(jù)后文的提示：從火車站取得地圖；思考你想去的地方，可以判斷出做這些事情的目的是為了計(jì)劃旅行。89題，很多學(xué)生容易填寫free，出現(xiàn)這樣的錯(cuò)誤的原因是沒有聯(lián)系后文就直接進(jìn)行判斷。后面已經(jīng)提到倫敦的出租會花費(fèi)旅客幾個(gè)英鎊。因此不可能是free。本題填寫的應(yīng)該是famous，因?yàn)楹笪膶懙胶芏嗳惗氐挠慰投贾纻惗氐某鲎廛囀呛苁娣??？梢妭惗氐某鲎廛嚪浅Ｓ忻?0題，根據(jù)文章中的“riverbus”可以判斷出整段在介紹的出行方式是船。因此填寫boat。91題，本段采用的是總分的結(jié)構(gòu)，首先作者建議游客不要在倫敦開車。然后給出兩個(gè)原因。后面一個(gè)原因是如果開車進(jìn)市中心，需要額外支付擁堵費(fèi)。而第一個(gè)原因，可以推斷出停車費(fèi)用是很昂貴的。因此填寫expensive。92題，是一個(gè)比較級的結(jié)構(gòu)，比較的成份應(yīng)該是隨團(tuán)騎車與獨(dú)自騎車。因此填寫的是riding。很多學(xué)生只寫了ride，沒有注意的正確的填寫形式。因此，在填寫單詞時(shí)，一定要聯(lián)系上下文，填寫單詞在文本中的正確形式?！纠?】（上海閱讀C篇）限時(shí)8分鐘Atsometimeinyourlife,youmighthavearoommate.Itisagoodideatoshareaflat,especiallyforstudentsorpeoplewhohavejustfinishedschool,becauseflatsareusuallyexpensive.Andm_____86_____isnottheonlyreasonforhavingaroommate.Sharingaflatcanbefun.Butlifewitharoommatecanalsobeat_____87_____experience.Someexperts(專家)didastudyofcollegestudentswhosharedaroom.Theyfoundthatstudentswhohadproblemswiththeirroommateswerenothappyatschoolandweremorelikelytogetsickthanotherstudents.So,howcanyoul_____88_____witharoommateandenjoyit?Hereissomeadvice:Beingroommateswithafriendcanbehard.Friendsmaybedifferentwhenyoustaywiththemallthetimefromwhenyoudon'tseethemveryo_____89_____.So,beforeyouplantosharearoomwithafriend,discussthesituationcarefully.Ifyoudecidetosharearoomwithsomeoneyoudon'tknow,talktoeachother.It'simportanttobeh_____90_____aboutyourhabitsandthingsyouhate.Whenyoumoveinwitharoommate,makerules.Decidehowyouwillshareh_____91_____,suchascleaning,washingandshopping.Willyousharefood?IsitOKtohaveguests?Andwhataboutloudmusic?Don'tgetangryatsmallthingsthatyourroommatedoes.Trytof_____92_____theunhappythingsbetweenyouandyourroommate.Noone-includingyou-isperfect.【參考答案】money、terrible、live、often、honest、housework、forget【例題解析】本文的主要內(nèi)容是關(guān)于如何與室友和睦相處。文章比較貼近學(xué)生，并且所填詞也是學(xué)生平時(shí)常見的，因此難度不大。86題，是一道很典型的聯(lián)系上下文得出答案的題目。在86題之前，文章寫的是公寓往往很貴。86題的句子表達(dá)的意思是：______不是唯一合住的原因。后文寫的是合住也可以很快樂。因此很顯然填的是money。87題，一開始有一個(gè)非常關(guān)鍵的連詞“but”，因此可以得出與上文的“fun”是相對的。另外，從所填詞的位置來看是在句首，因此需要理解后文的內(nèi)容，再進(jìn)行判斷。后文中幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵的詞“problems”、“unhappy”、“getsick”可以得出合住也可能是一種糟糕的經(jīng)歷。所以填寫terrible。88題，后文寫到“Hereissomeadvice”可見下文都是圍繞88題所在的句子給出的建議。因此，不妨先看后文。后文中“sharearoom”、“moveinwitharoommate”等短語可以告訴我們這里應(yīng)該填寫的是live，與室友在一起生活。89題，關(guān)鍵短語是bedifferentfrom（與......不同），文章前面說的是whenyoustaywiththemallthetime,（當(dāng)你總是和他們在一起）與后文的whenyoudon’tseethemvery________進(jìn)行對比，因此填寫的是often，表示當(dāng)你不經(jīng)常見到他們。90題，本段一開始設(shè)定的情境是你和一個(gè)不認(rèn)識的人合住，因此要交流。對于你的習(xí)慣和討厭的東西要坦誠，因此寫的是honest。91題，后文出現(xiàn)了提示詞“suchas”，所以可以判斷出是housework。92題，此段開首句寫的是不要因?yàn)槭矣炎龅男∈露鷼?，因此后文?yīng)該忘記發(fā)生在你們之間的不愉快的事情。所以填寫的是forget。文章難度中等，考查的是學(xué)生對于上下文的理解，以及邏輯判斷的能力。因此在考試時(shí)，要加強(qiáng)通過上下文的分析，進(jìn)行填詞?！纠?】（上海年閱讀C篇）限時(shí)8分鐘AschoolnewspaperTheTeensaskedoveronethousandteenagershowtheyspenttheirsparetime.Heretheyreportther_____81_____ofthesurvey.It’snotatallsurprisingtolearnthatmostteenssaidtheywantedmorefreetime.Mosthavelessthananhouradayforafter-schoolactivities.P_____82_____activitywaspopularamongbothgirlsandboys,averagingbetweenthreetosixhoursaweek.Favouritesportsamonggirlsweretennis,basketballandswimming.Boyssaidtheylikedfootball,basketballandskating.Speakingofentertainment,musicandTVwerepopular.Abouthalfofthosesurveyedsaidthatmusicwastheirfavouriteactivity.Thisi_____83_____bothlisteningtoandplayingmusic.TVwasalsoverypopular.ThreequarterssaidtheypreferredwatchingTVtoreadingabookormagazine.Unexpectedly,asmanyasthreeoutoftenteenagersmentionedthatcollectingthingswassomethingtheylikedtodointheirsparetime.Theyhadv_____84_____collectionsfromcartoonbooksandbaseballcardstostickers,toysandcoins.V_____85_____friendswasalsopopular.Eightoutoftenteenagerssaidtheymetfriendsonceaweek.NineoutoftensaidtheycontactedfriendsthroughtheInternetA_____86_____popularwayofcontactingfriendswasthetelephone.Everyonewesurveyedsaidtheyspoketofriendseveryday.Mostsaidtheyspokeabouttwentyminutesaday.Surprisingly,teenagerss_____87_____wentdancing,especiallygirls.Onlyoneoutoftensaidtheywenttothedanceregularly.【參考答案】result(s)、Physical、included、various、Visiting、Another、seldom【例題解析】本文是關(guān)于青年學(xué)生如何度過他們空閑時(shí)間的調(diào)查報(bào)告。本文的話題，仍然是圍繞青少年的生活，因此比較容易被學(xué)生所理解。但是相比起前兩年，所填詞的拼寫以及詞義更為復(fù)雜，因此難度略微增加。81題，對于有些學(xué)生來說，句子中survey這個(gè)詞并不是很熟悉。survey解釋為調(diào)查，而后文是圍繞此調(diào)查的結(jié)果進(jìn)行展開的。因此，這里填寫result或者results皆可。82題，通過后文寫到女生喜歡網(wǎng)球、籃球和游泳，男生喜歡足球、籃球和溜冰，可以推測出這里應(yīng)該填寫與運(yùn)動相關(guān)的活動。很多學(xué)生沒有填出該詞，是因?yàn)樗麄儗hysical解釋為“身體的”這一含義并不了解。因此，在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中，對于一詞多義的現(xiàn)象要格外注意。83題，解答此題時(shí)，仍舊應(yīng)該先理解“this”的指代含義。根據(jù)前文，可以得知“this”指代的是關(guān)于音樂的活動。而后文聽音樂和玩音樂其實(shí)都是屬于這一類活動的，因此填寫“include”。同時(shí)，在填寫的時(shí)候，應(yīng)該注意動詞的時(shí)態(tài)，前后文都是一般過去時(shí)，因此這里填寫included.84題，此句的含義是他們有收藏的興趣，收藏的范圍從卡通書，甚至到硬幣，可見其收藏的范圍很廣，因此various（各種各樣的）能夠表達(dá)這一含義。85題，此句放在句首，因此需要先讀后文。后文中出現(xiàn)了關(guān)鍵短語“metfriends”、“contactfriends”因此可以推測出這里是拜訪朋友的含義。當(dāng)然，動詞放在句首作主語，要注意添加“ing”。86題，根據(jù)前文寫到聯(lián)系朋友的方式是通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)，而這里寫到通過電話的方式與朋友溝通，因此是另一種溝通的方式，填寫another較為合適。87題，首先要理解oneoutoften的含義是十分之一，然后聯(lián)系后文，得知只有十分之一的青少年會定期跳舞，說明他們跳舞的頻率并不高，因此填寫“seldom”。練習(xí)1（徐匯一模C篇）Mostpeopleknowthatintelligencequotient(IQ)isimportant,butEQisprobablymoreimportantindailylife.Whenfacinganexam,EQhelpsustomanageourfeelings.Whengettingalongwithfriendsorparents,EQhelpsustoc_____81_____well.EQisshapedpartlybygenetics（基因）.Youcanseesomebabiesarequiet,whileothersarenot.B_____82_____,EQissomethingyoucanlearnforyourself.Youcanlearnwhatdifferentfeelingsmightmeanandhowtheyrelatetoyourselfandothers.Ifwelearnintherightway,ourEQcangetbetteraswegetolder.ChildrenwithahighEQusuallyhavegreatersuccesswithmakingfriends.HavingahighEQneedsafewdifferentskills.Learningabouttheseskillscanhelpustoi_____83_____ourEQ.Butwhatarethey?Let’stakealook!1.KnowyourselfMostpeoplefeelmanydifferentfeelingst_____84_____theday.Somefeelingslikesurpriselastjustafewseconds.Others,likehappinessandsadness,maystayaroundmuchl_____85_____.BeingabletorecognizetheseeverydayfeelingsisthemostbasicofallEQskills.2.ManageyourselfWeallgetangry.Weallhavedisappointments.Butweneedtocontrolit.Itisnotalwaystherighttimeorplacetoexpressourfeelings.Whenyouareangrywithsomeone,takeadeepbreathands_____86_____countto10.Thisway,youcancalmdown.3.EncourageyourselfWhenyoufailanexam,youmaybedisappointed.Butthereissomethingmoreeffectiveyoucando—learntoencourageyourself.Itgivesyoutheenergyandc_____87_____tomoveon.Ithelpsyoutobuildastrongheart.【參考答案】communicate、Besides、improve、throughout/through、longer、slowly/silently/simply、confidence/courage練習(xí)3（浦東新區(qū)一模C篇）Youknowthateatingasensibledietandgettingplentyofexercisehelpmakeyourbodyhealthyandstrong.Butdoyouknowthattherearewaystomakeyourbrainhealthierandsmarter?Herearesevenstepstowardasmarterbrain.LimityourTVviewingNeverspendtoomuchtimeonTVviewing,foritn_____81_____verylittlebrainactivities.Yourbrainwillbecomeweakjustasyourmusclesdo.IfyoudowatchTV,choosesomethingeducationalandmeaningful.TravelTravellingtoa_____82_____countryforcesyoutoseeanddothingsinafreshway,bringingstimulationtothebrain.LearnanewalanguageLearninganewlanguageinvolvesdifferentlearningmethods.Learningalanguagesharpensyourbrainsandhelpspreventmemoryp_____83_____thatyoumaymeetinlateryears.ReadoftenAsyouread,takethetimetolookuppeopleorplacesthataren’tfamiliar.Readingmakesyourvocabularymuchl_____84_____ifyoualwayssearchforwordsanddefinitionsthatyoudon’tknow.Eachweek,chooseananimal,abirdorafish,andreadeverythingyoucanaboutit.Stretchyourbrainasyoubecomeanexpertonthesubject.Calculatew_____85_____youshopAsyouputthingsinyourgrocerycart,totaleverythinginyourhead.Seehowcloseyougettotheactualtotal.Useyournon-dominant（不占優(yōu)勢的）handIfyouareright-handed,useyourlefthandforeverydayactivities,oruseyourrighthandifyouareleft-handed.Doingfamiliarthingsinadifferentwaywillmakeyourbrainc_____86_____newneuralnetworks.Wechat（微信）！Readmessagesfrompeoplewhohavedifferentinterests.Andsomesaythatlearningtoexpressy_____87_____injust100wordsisagreatbrainchallenge.Haveatryanddotheseeveryday.Littlebylittleyoucangetintothehabitofchallengingyourbrain,andmakeyourbrainsmarter!【參考答案】needs、another、problems、larger、when/while、create/cause、yourself/yourselves小結(jié)本篇文章向我們介紹了如何鍛煉我們的大腦。本文難度適中，句子結(jié)構(gòu)并不復(fù)雜。上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系比較緊密。但是所填詞的難度在于學(xué)生不能輕易的填出所需的適當(dāng)形式。例如，81題，所填詞為needs。在這里需要判斷出need是一個(gè)實(shí)意動詞，并不是情態(tài)動詞，因此它有時(shí)態(tài)變化。而主語是“it”，因此需要加“s”。83題，所填詞為problems。很多學(xué)生容易寫成單數(shù)，沒有注意到problem是可數(shù)名詞，前面沒有冠詞“a”，因此需要添加“s”。84題，是很多學(xué)生容易失分的題目。首先，很多學(xué)生不理解vocabulary的含義。另外，在這里的搭配是makesthadj.，解釋為使......怎么樣，因此填寫的是形容詞，而前面有much，因此填寫比較級。練習(xí)4（閘北一模C篇）ThestorybehindtheshoppingcartCharactersSylvanGoldman---ownerofagroceryshopFredYoung—Sylvan’sfriend,amechanic(機(jī)械師)Onenightin1936,inanAmericancity.InsideFred’sworkshop.SylvansitsnexttoFred,whoismakingadjustments（調(diào)試）totheirnewi_____81_____—ashoppingcart.Sylvan:Mycustomersdon’tlikeourshoppingcart.Fred:Really?Sotheyp_____82_____shoppingwiththoseheavybaskets?Sylvan:(nods)I’vegotahugecrowdofcustomerseveryday,b_____83_____noneofthemwantstousethecart.Fred:Idon’tunderstand.Weinvitedthecartsopeopledon’tneedtocarryabasketaroundtheshop.Sylvan:(laughs)Andsothattheywillbuymoregroceries!Fred:Sowhydon’ttheyliketheshoppingcart?Sylvan:Youngmenthinkthatpushingacartaroundmakesthemlookw_____84_____andslow,andyoungwomenthinkit’sunfashionable.Fred:Ofcourseitisn’tfashionablerightnow.It’sonlyjustbeeninvented!ButI’msureolderpeoplewillappreciateit.Sylvan:Um...Fred:What?Theydon’tlikethecarte_____85_____？Sylvan:Well,theythinkpushingitmakesthemlookhelpless!Fred:Oh,no.Weneedtodosomething,Fred.Wecan’tjustg_____86_____uponthisinvention!Sylvan:Wewon’t.(Hegetsupandwalksaroundtheroom.Suddenly,hestops)Aha!I’vegotanidea.Fred:Whatisit?Sylvan:I’llhire(雇傭)somegood-lookingguysandgirlstopushthecartsaroundandpretendtheyareshopping.Fred:Oh!Sotherealshopperswillseetheseattractivepeopleusingthecartsandthink,‘Hey,ifit’sgoodenoughforthem,it’sgoodenoughforme!’Sylvan:E_____87_____.Fred:Hey!Maybeyoucouldgetoneofthegirlstogreetyourcustomersandencouragethemtousethecart.Sylvan:Greatidea!【參考答案】invention、prefer、but、weak、either、give、Exactly小結(jié)本文的題材比較新穎。是一個(gè)店主和機(jī)械師關(guān)于如何推廣和鼓勵(lì)消費(fèi)者使用手推車的對話。文章的難點(diǎn)在于文章的邏輯并不像議論文那么緊密，需要在理解對話的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)行判斷。學(xué)生容易錯(cuò)的是81題，很多學(xué)生寫的是idea。錯(cuò)誤在于沒有聯(lián)系上下文的搭配。破折號后面是購物車，因此這里調(diào)試的應(yīng)該是一個(gè)實(shí)物。所以填invention更合適。此外，87題是很多學(xué)生頭痛的一個(gè)詞。因?yàn)檫@個(gè)詞考查了在語境中的使用。exactly本義為確切地。而在英語對話中，往往可以一個(gè)詞來表達(dá)同意前面一個(gè)人所說的內(nèi)容，解釋為確實(shí)如此。在平時(shí)的英語學(xué)習(xí)過程中，應(yīng)當(dāng)加強(qiáng)詞匯在語境中的運(yùn)用。注重中文與英文在表達(dá)上的不同。課后作業(yè)：奉賢區(qū)Inone’slife,onespendsthemosttimebeingwithoneself.Butonehastheleastunderstandingofoneself.Whenyouaresuccessful,youmaybeveryproud.Whenyou80,youmayloseheart.Ifyoudon’tgetathoroughunderstandingofyourself（徹底自我），youmaymissmanychancesinlife.Togetathoroughunderstandingofyourselfistoknowwellaboutyourself.Youmayrealizeyourstrongpointsandweakones.Youmayhopeforawonderfulfuture,butbesurenottoexpecttoomuchbecauseyoumaynotrealizeallofyourdreams.Youmaybeconfidentenoughtomeetchallenges,butfirstyoushouldknow81.Togetathoroughunderstandingofyourselfneedsself-appreciation（自我欣賞）.Maybeyouthinkyouareatalltreeorjustsmallgrass,butyoucanalwayshaveyourownwayofbeingthere.82yougetfullconfidenceinyourself,youaresuretofaceanytrouble.Togetathoroughunderstandingofyourselfalsomeansto83yourself.Whenyouareangry,findaquietplacesothatyouwon’tbehurt.Whenyouare84,tellyourfriendsaboutittochangethemood(心情)intoagoodone.Whenyouaretired,getagoodsleep.Ifyoudon’tknowwhenandhowyoushouldlookafteryourself,youwon’tbeabletostayawayfromillness.85cantellwhatwillhappeninthefuture.Getathoroughunderstandingofyourself,andyouwillgetafullcontrolofyourselfandfindyourlifefullofcolor.80.A.winB.failC.knowD.beat81.A.wheretodoB.howtodoC.whattodoD.whytodo82.A.SinceB.WhenC.UntilD.Although83.A.takecareofB.bekindtoC.bepleasedwithD.dependon84.A.happyB.comfortableC.pleasedD.sad85.A.NooneB.EveryoneC.SomeoneD.Anyone虹口區(qū)Whatwasnapkinetiquette(禮儀)?Etiquette___80__rulesthatsocietyhassetupforpeopletofollowsothattheycandothingsintheproperway.Napkin(餐巾)etiquettehasdevelopedovertime.Accordingtoproperetiquettetoday,oneshouldputone’snapkinonone’slap(膝蓋)assoonaseveryoneisseatedatthetable.Whenoneexcusesoneselfandleavesthetableforafewminutes,oneshould__81__one’snapkintotherightofone’splate.Whatwasnapkinetiquettelikebeforeitdevelopedintowhatitistoday?InancientEgyptian,Greek,andRomantimes,theetiquettewasquitedifferent.Napkinsweremuch__82__.Often,theywereaslargeasbathtowels.Banquets(宴會)usuallylastedforhours,andpeopleatewiththeirhands,althoughfingerbowlsfilledwith__83__wouldsometimesbeavailable,thelargenapkinswerenecessaryifonewantedtostayreasonablyclean.AseconduseforthenapkindevelopedinthesixthcenturyB.C.Romansociety.Atthattime,__84__wereexpectedtotakefoodhome.Theuneatenfoodwaswrappedupandcarriedinone’snapkin.Itwasconsiderednotpolitetoleaveempty-handed.Napkinsizechanged__85__withaninvention.Theinventionthatcausedthissizechangewasthefork.Sincepeoplebegantosueforks,theirhandsnolongergetasdirtyasbefore.Althoughnapkinsbecamesmallerinsize,manyEuropeansdidnotusethem.Thecustomwastowipeone’shandsonthetablecloth.Atthattime,tableclothsweresolargethatonecoulduseapartofittocoverone’slap.Coveringone’slapwiththetableclothservedtwopurposes(目的).Onecou