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考點(diǎn)37閱讀理解爭(zhēng)論文

高考頻度:★★★★★

爭(zhēng)論文是英語(yǔ)中的重要文體,在每年的高考閱讀理解中占有確定的比例。

爭(zhēng)論文就是說(shuō)理性的文章,一般由論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證過(guò)程組成。爭(zhēng)論文都要提出論題、觀點(diǎn)、供應(yīng)充

分的證據(jù),運(yùn)用確定的邏輯方法證明觀點(diǎn)或得出結(jié)論。爭(zhēng)論文的寫(xiě)法通常有以下三種形式:

寫(xiě)法一:正方(甲方),反方(乙方),我認(rèn)為……

寫(xiě)法二:提出問(wèn)題,分析問(wèn)題,解決問(wèn)題。

寫(xiě)法三:論點(diǎn),理由(證據(jù)),重申論點(diǎn)。

爭(zhēng)論文的內(nèi)容涵蓋文化、歷史、文學(xué)、科學(xué)和教化等各個(gè)方面。在這類(lèi)體裁的文章中把握好論點(diǎn)、論

據(jù)和論證很重要。此類(lèi)體裁的文章中有關(guān)主旨大意和推理推斷的題目會(huì)較多,這也是得分比較難的題型。

在閱讀這類(lèi)文章的時(shí)候,我們要細(xì)致把握作者的看法,領(lǐng)悟言外之意,從而更好地依據(jù)文章的事實(shí)做出合

理的推斷。

留意事項(xiàng):

1.避開(kāi)讀得太快,做題靠印象和直覺(jué)。(要求每一道題回到原文去找答案)

2.要先看題目,后讀文章。(與先讀文章,后看題目的比較)

高考材料閱讀方法:先通讀全文,重點(diǎn)讀首段、各段的段首段尾句,然后其他部分可以略讀,再審題

定位,比較選項(xiàng),選出答案。要有把握文章的宏觀結(jié)構(gòu)、中心句的實(shí)力。

3.閱讀中須要特殊留意并做記號(hào)的有:

(1)標(biāo)記類(lèi)、指示類(lèi)的信息。

①表示并列關(guān)系:and,also,coupledwith等;

②表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系:but,yet,however,bycontrast等;

③表示因果關(guān)系:therefore,thereby,consequently,asaresult等;

④表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系:inadditionto,even,what'smore,furthermore等;

⑤表示重要性的詞:prime,aboveall,first等。

以上關(guān)鍵詞有助于我們對(duì)文章邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)的把握。

(2)具有感情色調(diào)、顯示作者看法的詞:blind盲目的(貶),excessively過(guò)分的(貶),objective(客

觀)等。

4.常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題:

(1)讀不懂怎么?

問(wèn)題本身太空泛,應(yīng)當(dāng)細(xì)致分析問(wèn)題究竟在哪兒。首先要能意識(shí)到自身問(wèn)題所在。

unconsciousincompetent(無(wú)意識(shí)無(wú)實(shí)力)屬于問(wèn)題認(rèn)知的第一階段;

consciousincompetent(有意識(shí)無(wú)實(shí)力)屬于問(wèn)題認(rèn)知的其次階段;

consciouscompetent(有意識(shí)有實(shí)力)屬于問(wèn)題認(rèn)知的第三階段;

unconsciouscompetent(無(wú)意識(shí)有實(shí)力)屬于問(wèn)題認(rèn)知的第四階段。

從認(rèn)知的第三階段達(dá)到第四階段,是一個(gè)反復(fù)嫻熟的過(guò)程。

(2)讀懂了文章之后還做錯(cuò)題怎么辦?

(3)做完了一遍不情愿看其次遍怎么辦?

(4)做題技巧用不上怎么辦?

能夠不由自主地依據(jù)正確的思路解題了,才表明我們正確駕馭了這些技巧。

在課堂聽(tīng)明白之后,還須要回去自己思索,針對(duì)自己的實(shí)際進(jìn)行分析,從而對(duì)癥下藥。

【命題分析】

爭(zhēng)論說(shuō)理類(lèi)文章就是爭(zhēng)論文,是高考閱讀理解題中一種較難的題目。爭(zhēng)論說(shuō)理類(lèi)文章具有以下特點(diǎn):

1.題材多樣化、學(xué)問(wèn)化,它包括社會(huì)科學(xué)的多種領(lǐng)域,以及和自然科學(xué)交叉學(xué)科,體現(xiàn)以人為本的特

點(diǎn)。詳細(xì)說(shuō)來(lái):

(1)一般按提出問(wèn)題、分析問(wèn)題、解決問(wèn)題的方法寫(xiě)作。作者一般從日常生活中的熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題、社會(huì)上的

重大問(wèn)題、與讀者休戚相關(guān)的問(wèn)題入手,即提出問(wèn)題。然后,分析利弊,舉例說(shuō)明,推理推斷,即分析問(wèn)

題。最終,闡述觀點(diǎn),提出方法,即解決問(wèn)題。

(2)以作者的觀點(diǎn)或情感為核心,對(duì)細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)推理等方面進(jìn)行考查。

(3)文章的主題一般是生活中的熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題、重大問(wèn)題或與生活休戚相關(guān)的問(wèn)題等。

2.側(cè)重考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章深層意義的理解。通常狀況下,深層理解題占多數(shù),這就要求學(xué)生讀爭(zhēng)論文時(shí),

不能僅限于對(duì)文章的表層理解,只抓一些事實(shí)細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié),而且要留意對(duì)文章的意圖、作者的觀點(diǎn)以及內(nèi)在

邏輯聯(lián)系的諦視。

3.深層理解題的主要表現(xiàn)形式:

(1)主旨性題目:此類(lèi)題常針對(duì)文章主題、中心思想、標(biāo)題或作者的寫(xiě)作意圖,通常有以下提問(wèn)方式:

a.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

b.Thetextismainlyabout.

c.Fromthepassageweknowthat.

d.Themainideaoftheparagraphis.

e.Thewriter'spurposeofwritingthistextis.

f.Thepassagecouldbetitled.

g.Thepassagedealswith.

h.What'sthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?

(2)推理推斷題:此題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章內(nèi)在邏輯聯(lián)系的把握,通常有以下出題方式:

a.回答對(duì)why和how的提問(wèn)。

b.Accordingtothetext,whichofthestatementsistrue/wrong?

c.Fromthetext,wecaninferthat.

d.Wherecanthistextbeselectedfrom?

e.Whatcanyouimaginewillbedealtwith/writteninthefollowingpassage?

f.以短語(yǔ)accordingtothewriterofthetext或inthewriter'sopinion等引出的其他問(wèn)題。

(3)詞義揣測(cè)題:推斷詞義的詞可能有四種狀況,一是詞未學(xué)過(guò),二是詞已學(xué)過(guò),但在該篇中不是已學(xué)

過(guò)的詞義,三是某個(gè)代詞it或them在文中指代什么,四是某句話(huà)的意思。

【應(yīng)試策略】

爭(zhēng)論文體閱讀理解題的應(yīng)對(duì)策略

解答爭(zhēng)論類(lèi)閱讀理解試題,可以從以下幾個(gè)方面著手考慮:

作者在起先敘述一個(gè)現(xiàn)象,然后對(duì)現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行說(shuō)明。這類(lèi)文章的主題是文中最重要的說(shuō)明或作者所強(qiáng)調(diào)

的說(shuō)明,閱讀時(shí)要留意作者給出的緣由,所以又被稱(chēng)為緣由一結(jié)果(Cause&Effect)型。還有一種比較常

見(jiàn)的是問(wèn)題一答案型,作者在一起先或一段末以問(wèn)句提出一個(gè)問(wèn)題(相當(dāng)于一個(gè)現(xiàn)象),然后給出該問(wèn)題的

答案(相當(dāng)于說(shuō)明)。針對(duì)文中問(wèn)題給出的主要答案就是這種文章的中心。

這里強(qiáng)調(diào)一點(diǎn),答題時(shí)優(yōu)先考慮正面答題(干脆從文章內(nèi)容得出答案),然后從中心、看法或利用解答

特征等其他角度對(duì)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn);假如從文章內(nèi)容中干脆無(wú)法解決,則從中心和看法方面考慮;次之,從

解答特征方面考慮。

考生往往最怕此類(lèi)體裁。山窮水盡時(shí),記?。菏紫葟恼w上把握文章中心和作者所持的看法,靠近中

心的就是答案。

解題方法:

1.把握文章的論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證。此外,還要把握文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)言。

2.互推法:在爭(zhēng)論之后,總會(huì)再列舉一些詳細(xì)的例子來(lái)支持觀點(diǎn)或在一些例子之后,總要抒發(fā)一些爭(zhēng)論。

考生在理解爭(zhēng)論時(shí),可以借助文中所給的實(shí)例,從而在形象的例子中推理出抽象的爭(zhēng)論;或從爭(zhēng)論中推理

理解詳細(xì)例子的深刻含義,相互推斷。

3.推理法:推理的結(jié)論確定是原文有這層意思,但沒(méi)有明確表達(dá)的。推理要依據(jù)文章的字面意思,通過(guò)語(yǔ)

篇、段落和句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系,各個(gè)信息所示意和隱含的意義,作者的隱含意等對(duì)文章進(jìn)行推理推斷。

考生要由文字的表層信息挖掘出文章的深層含義,要能透過(guò)現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)。

二、解題技巧

歷年全國(guó)高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的題型無(wú)非基本都是考查主旨大意、詞義揣測(cè)、推理推斷和細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解

四大題型。其中,命題以細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題為主,推理推斷題為輔,又兼顧詞義揣測(cè)題和主旨大意題。細(xì)微

環(huán)節(jié)理解題和推理推斷題主要考查的是對(duì)原文詳細(xì)細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)的理解和把控實(shí)力,難度相對(duì)較小,廣闊考生

除了平常必要的閱讀量和詞匯量的積累以外,駕馭確定的解題技巧對(duì)解答閱讀理解題來(lái)說(shuō)也是至關(guān)重要的。

詳細(xì)說(shuō)來(lái):

1.主旨大意型

干擾項(xiàng)可能是文中某個(gè)詳細(xì)事實(shí)或細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)。

干擾項(xiàng)可能是從文中某些(不完全的)事實(shí)或細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)片面推出的錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論。

干擾項(xiàng)可能是非文章事實(shí)的主觀臆斷。

正確答案依據(jù)文章全面理解而歸納概括出來(lái);不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過(guò)其實(shí)或以偏概全。

主旨大意題主要考查學(xué)生把握全文主題和理解中心思想的實(shí)力。依據(jù)多年的備考及高考實(shí)踐,這類(lèi)題

目考查的范圍是:基本論點(diǎn)、文章標(biāo)題、主題或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上能較好地運(yùn)

用概括、推斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維方法,對(duì)文章進(jìn)行高度概括或總結(jié),屬于高層次題。

選擇"主題"旨在考查考生是否駕馭了所讀文章的主要內(nèi)容或主旨,通常用詞、短語(yǔ)或句子來(lái)概括。

常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式有:

1.Whatisthemain/generalideaofthistext?

2.Whatismainlydiscussedinthispassage?

3.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

4.Thistextmainlytellsus.

5.Thispassagemainlydealswith.

6.Themainideaofthispassagemaybebestexpressedas.

7.Thetopicofthispassageis.

標(biāo)題選擇題則是讓考生給所讀的文章選擇一個(gè)合適的標(biāo)題。通常標(biāo)題由一個(gè)名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng),用

詞簡(jiǎn)短、精練。常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式有:

1.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

2.Whichofthefollowingisthebest/mostsuitabletitleforthistext?

3.Thebest/mostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbe.

不管是選擇"主題"還是選擇"標(biāo)題",實(shí)質(zhì)上都是要求考生從整體上理解語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)容,找出貫穿語(yǔ)篇

的主線(xiàn);不管是何種體裁的文章,都是圍繞一個(gè)主題來(lái)綻開(kāi)的。在試題設(shè)計(jì)上,3個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容一般在文

章里或多或少都有涉及,但并非主要內(nèi)容,須要留意甄別。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)型

細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題主要考查考生對(duì)文章中某些細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)或重要事實(shí)的理解實(shí)力。它一般包括干脆理解題

和語(yǔ)意理解題兩種。干脆理解題的答案與原文干脆掛鉤,從閱讀材料中可以找到。這種題難度低,只要考

生讀懂文章,就能得分,屬于低層次題。

做此類(lèi)題時(shí)可以運(yùn)用定位法與跳讀法。定位法即依據(jù)題干和選項(xiàng)所供應(yīng)的信息干脆從原文中找到相應(yīng)

的句子(即定位),然后進(jìn)行比較和分析(尤其要留意一些同義轉(zhuǎn)換),從而選出正確答案。跳讀法即依據(jù)題

干和選項(xiàng)所供應(yīng)的信息跳讀原文,并找到相關(guān)的句子(有時(shí)可能是幾個(gè)句子)或段落,然后進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)潔分析、

推理等,從而找出正確答案。

(1)解題原則:忠實(shí)于原文上下文及全篇的邏輯關(guān)系,決不能主觀臆斷。

文章中心是論點(diǎn),事實(shí)細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)是論據(jù)或主要理由;有關(guān)細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)問(wèn)題常對(duì)文中某個(gè)詞語(yǔ)、某句子、

某段落等細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)及事實(shí)進(jìn)行提問(wèn),所提問(wèn)題一般可干脆或間接在文章中找到答案。

提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)詞常有:what,who,which,where,how,why等。

在閱讀理解中,要求查找主要事實(shí)和特定細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)的問(wèn)題常有以下幾種命題方式:

①Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

②Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?

③Theauthor(orthepassage)statesthat.

?Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)?

⑵干擾項(xiàng):范圍過(guò)大、過(guò)小;偷換概念;正誤并存,某個(gè)分句是正確的。

閱讀理解中細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題的干擾項(xiàng)的設(shè)置有以下幾個(gè)原則:

①包含項(xiàng)原則

在答案選項(xiàng)分析中,假如對(duì)A選項(xiàng)的理解概括了對(duì)其他三項(xiàng)(或其中某一項(xiàng))的理解,那么我們就說(shuō)選

項(xiàng)A與其他三項(xiàng)是包含或概括關(guān)系,包含項(xiàng)A往往就是正確答案。如在"花"與"玫瑰"兩選項(xiàng)中,正確

答案確定是"花",花包含了玫瑰。

②正反項(xiàng)原則

所謂正反項(xiàng),是指兩選項(xiàng)陳述的命題完全相沖突。兩個(gè)相互沖突的陳述不能都是假的,其中必有一真。

所以,假如四選項(xiàng)中A、B互為正反項(xiàng),那我們通常先解除C、D項(xiàng),正確答案一般在A、B項(xiàng)當(dāng)中。

③委婉項(xiàng)原則

所謂委婉,這里是指說(shuō)話(huà)不能說(shuō)死,要留有余地。閱讀理解選項(xiàng)中語(yǔ)氣平和、委婉的往往是正確答案。

這些選項(xiàng)一般含有不特別確定或摸索性語(yǔ)氣的表達(dá),如:probably,possibly,may,usually,might,most

of,moreorless,relatively,belikelyto,notnecessary,although,yet,inaddition,tendto

等等,而含有確定語(yǔ)氣的表達(dá)往往不是正確答案,如:must,always,never,all,every,any,merely,

only,completely,none,hardly,already等等。

④同形項(xiàng)原則

命題者往往先將正確答案設(shè)置在一個(gè)大命題范圍,然后通過(guò)語(yǔ)言形式的微小變更來(lái)考查考生的理解實(shí)

力與分析實(shí)力。同形項(xiàng)原則告知我們:詞匯與句法結(jié)構(gòu)相像的選項(xiàng)中有正確答案的存在。

⑤常識(shí)項(xiàng)原則

爭(zhēng)論文中,那些符合一般常識(shí)、意義深刻富有哲理、符合一般規(guī)律、屬于普遍現(xiàn)象的往往是正確答案。

⑥因果項(xiàng)原則

閱讀理解的邏輯推理基本都是通過(guò)因果鏈進(jìn)行的,前因后果,一步步按部就班。然而,在推理題的選

項(xiàng)中,有的選項(xiàng)會(huì)推理不到位(止于前因),或者推理過(guò)頭(止于后果),這就是所謂的干擾項(xiàng)。因果項(xiàng)原則

啟示我們:假如四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)互為同一事物推理過(guò)程中的因果關(guān)系,那么正確答案就是兩個(gè)因果項(xiàng)中

的其中之一。假如因項(xiàng)可產(chǎn)生幾個(gè)結(jié)果,那么答案就是因;假如果項(xiàng)可以對(duì)應(yīng)幾個(gè)緣由,那么答案就是果。

解題方法:原文定位法。

查讀法:(1)帶著問(wèn)題找答案,把留意力集中在與who,what,when,where問(wèn)題有關(guān)的細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)上。

⑵細(xì)心!

3.詞義揣測(cè)型

閱讀理解的測(cè)試中常常有揣測(cè)詞、短語(yǔ)、習(xí)語(yǔ)、句子意義的題目,近幾年高考閱讀中詞義揣測(cè)題的考

查方法呈多樣化,其中依據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境推想詞義將會(huì)越來(lái)越多。有時(shí)短文中出現(xiàn)一個(gè)需揣測(cè)其意義的詞或

短語(yǔ),后文接著會(huì)出現(xiàn)其定義、說(shuō)明或例子,這就是推斷該詞或短語(yǔ)意義的主要依據(jù)。

除此之外,我們還可以依據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進(jìn)行推斷:依據(jù)上下句的連接詞,如but,however,otherwise

等就可以看到前后句在意義上的差別,從而依據(jù)某一句的含義來(lái)確定另一句的含義。另外,分號(hào)(;)也可

以表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比或不相干的意義。還可以依據(jù)因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行推斷。俗話(huà)說(shuō),"有因必有果,有果必有因"。

依據(jù)緣由可以預(yù)料結(jié)果,依據(jù)結(jié)果也可以找出緣由。當(dāng)然了,這些詞、短語(yǔ)、習(xí)語(yǔ)要么是生詞,要么是熟

詞新義,單靠平常積累是不夠的,還要駕馭以下做題技巧。

(1)依據(jù)構(gòu)詞法(轉(zhuǎn)化、合成、派生)進(jìn)行推斷。

(2)依據(jù)文中的定義、事例、說(shuō)明猜生詞。用事例或說(shuō)明猜生詞;用重復(fù)說(shuō)明的信息猜生詞。

(3)依據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系進(jìn)行選擇。文章中的代詞it,that,he,him或them可以指上文提到的人或物,

其中it和that還可以指一件事。

(4)依據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進(jìn)行推斷。依據(jù)上下句的連接詞如but,however,otherwise等可以看到前后句在

意義上的差別,從而依據(jù)某一句的含義,來(lái)確定另一句的含義。

⑸依據(jù)因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行推斷。俗話(huà)說(shuō),"有因必有果,有果必有因”。依據(jù)緣由可以預(yù)料結(jié)果,依據(jù)結(jié)果也

可以找出緣由。

(6)依據(jù)同位關(guān)系進(jìn)行推斷。閱讀中有時(shí)出現(xiàn)新詞、難詞,后面跟著一個(gè)同位語(yǔ),對(duì)前面的詞進(jìn)行說(shuō)明。

(7)利用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)和提示詞揣測(cè)詞義。分號(hào)還可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比或不相干的意義;破折號(hào)表示說(shuō)明說(shuō)明。

常見(jiàn)的問(wèn)題形式有:

(l)Theword""inLine…means/canbebestreplacedby…

(2)Asusedinthepassage,thephrase""suggests""

(3)Fromthepassage,wecaninferthattheword/phrase/thesentence"…"is/r

efersto/means…

(4)Theword""isclosestinmeaningto…

常用應(yīng)對(duì)方法:

同義法:常在詞或短語(yǔ)之間有并列連詞and或or,它們連接的兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或遞進(jìn)的,由此

可以推想詞義。

反義法:如hotandcold,giveandreceive等,或前句為確定,后句為否定??傊?,互為反義的詞與詞

間都起著互為線(xiàn)索的作用。

釋義法:對(duì)文章中的生詞用定語(yǔ)(從句)、表語(yǔ),甚至用逗號(hào)、破折號(hào)等標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)引出并加以說(shuō)明說(shuō)明。

此外,還有情景推斷法、代詞替代法等。

做題要領(lǐng)

(1)從文中找線(xiàn)索或信息詞;

(2)依據(jù)熟識(shí)的詞及詞義推斷新詞的意思;

(3)依據(jù)上下文推斷新詞在特定句中的準(zhǔn)確意思。

(4)要特殊留意熟詞新意!

4.推理推斷型

做題要領(lǐng):既要求學(xué)生透過(guò)文章表面文字信息推想文章的隱含意思,又要求學(xué)生對(duì)作者的看法、意

圖及文章細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)的發(fā)展作出正確的推理推斷,力求從作者的角度考慮而不是固守自己的看法。常見(jiàn)的

命題方式有:

(l)Thepassageimplies(示意)that.

(2)Wecanconclude(得出結(jié)論)fromthepassagethat.

(3)Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred(推論)?

(4)Whatisthetone(語(yǔ)氣)oftheauthor?

(5)Whatisthepurpose(目的)ofthispassage?

(6)Thepassageisintendedto.

(7)Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?

題組一(2024年高考真題)

Passagel(2024?天津卷7月,D)

Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetween

menofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihavenever

knownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.

Thetwobelongtogether.

Together,thesedeephumanurges(馬區(qū)策力)countformuchmorethatambition.Galileowasnotmerely

ambitiouswhenhedroppedobjectsofvaryingweightsfromtheLeaningToweratPisaandtimed

theirfalltotheground.LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandasked

indiscontent,"Why?Why?Why?”

Fortunately,curiosityanddiscontentdon'thavetobelearned.Wearebornwiththemandneed

onlyrecapturethem.

“Thegreatman,“saidMencius(孟子),"ishewhodoesnotlosehischild'sheart."Yetmost

ofusdoloseit.Westopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.Wejustfollowthecrowd.

Andthecrowddesiresrestfulaverage.Itencouragesustooccupyourownlittlecorner,toavoid

foolishleapsintothedark,tobesatisfied.

Mostofusmeetnewpeople,andnewideas,withhesitation.Butoncehavingmetandlikedthem,

wethinkhowterribleitwouldhavebeen,hadwemissedthechance.Wewillprobablyhavetoforce

ourselvestowakenourcuriosityanddiscontentandkeepthemawake.

Howshouldyoustart?Modestly,soasnottobecomediscouraged.Ithinkofonefriendwhocouldn't

arrangeflowerstosatisfyherself.Shewascuriousabouthowtheexpertsdidit.Howsheisone

oftheexperts,writingbooksonflowerarrangement.

Onewaytobeginistoansweryourownexcuses.Youhaven,tanyspecialability?Mostpeople

don't;thereareonlyafewgeniuses.Youhaven,tanytime?That,sgood,becauseit'salways

thepeoplewithnotimewhogetthingsdone.HarrietStowe,motherofsix,wrotepartsofUncle

Tom'sCabinwhilecooking.You'retooold?RememberthatThomasCostainwas57whenhepublished

hisfirstnovel,andthatGrandmaMosesshowedherfirstpictureswhenshewas78.

Howeveryoustart,rememberthereisnobettertimetostartthanrightnow,foryou'11never

bemorealivethanyouareatthismoment.

51.InwritingParagraph1,theauthoraimsto.

A.proposeadefinition

B.makeacomparison

C.reachaconclusion

D.presentanargument

52.WhatdoestheexampleofGalileotellus?

A.Trialanderrorleadstothefindingoftruth.

B.Scientiststendtobecuriousandambitious.

C.Creativityresultsfromchallengingauthority.

D.Greatnesscomesfromalastingdesiretoexplore.

53.Whatcanyoudotorecapturecuriosityanddiscontent?

A.Observetheunknownaroundyou.

B.Developaquestioningmind.

C.Leadalifeofadventure.

D.Followthefashion.

54.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraphs6and7?

A.Gainingsuccesshelpsyoubecomeanexpert.

B.Thegeniustendstogetthingsdonecreatively.

C.Lackoftalentandtimeisnoreasonfortakingnoaction.

D.Youshouldremainmodestwhenapproachingperfection.

55.Whatcouldbethebesttileorthepassage?

A.CuriousMindsNeverFeelContented

B.ReflectionsonHumanNature

C.TheKeystoAchievement

D.NeverTooLatetoLearn

Passage2(2024?天津卷3月,D)

Studyingasubjectthatyoufeelpointlessisneverafunoreasytask.Ifyou,restudyinghistory,

askingyourselfthequestion〃whyishistoryimportant〃isaverygoodfirststep.Historyis

anessentialpartofhumancivilization.Youwillfindsomethingherethatwillarouseyourinterest,

orgetyouthinkingaboutthesignificanceofhistory.

Historygroundsusinourroots.Historyisanimportantandinterestingfieldofstudy,and

learningthehistoryofourhomecountrycangiveusadeeper,moremeaningfulglimpse(一瞥)

intoourancestralpasts,andhowwegottowherewearetoday.Manypeoplefeelliketheyneed

asenseofculturalbelonging,whichissomethingthatstudyingyourrootsandbeingopen-minded

totheevolutionofyourculturecanprovide.

Historyenrichesourexperience.Readinghistoryisanamazingexperiencebecauseitenablesus

toreflectonthesocialandeconomiclifeofthepeoplelivinglongtimeagoAccordingtothe

experts,problemsfacedbypeopleregardlessofthepastandpresentarethesame.Withthe

informationabouttheancestors,onecanbecomemoreexperiencedinhandlingchallengesoflife.

Historymakesusmoreempathetic(具有共情實(shí)力的),Studyinghistorycangiveusinsight(洞

察力)intowhyourculturedoescertainthings,andhowthepasthasshapeditintowhatweknow

now.Italsoprovidesaratherstrongfoundationforempathyacrosscultures.Fearandhatefor

othersisusuallycausedbyignorance(無(wú)知).We'rescaredofthethingsthatwedon'tunderstand.

Historyhasthepotentialtobreakdownthoseboundariesbyofferingusinsightintoentireworlds

thatwouldotherwisebeforeigntous.

Historycaninspireustolearnmore,what'sfantasticabouthistoryisthewayitbroadensour

horizons.It'salmostimpossibletolearnaboutonehistoricalperiodwithouthavingdozensof

questionsaboutrelatedconcepts.Studythe19thcenturyEngland,andyoumightcatchaglimpse

ofCharlesDickens,01iverTwist.LookupCharlesDickens,andyoumightlearnathingortwo

aboutrealism.Ormaybeyouendupswitchingyourattentionawayfromnovels,anddiscoverthe

historyofromanticpoetsinEngland.Itcangoanywhere,andthereissomethingintherefor

absolutelyanybody.

Thevalueofhistorycannotbeunderestimated.Wedon'thavetoliveinthepast,butwecan

definitelydobetterbylearningfromitandusingthelessonslearnttoleadmoremeaningful

lives.

51.Theunderlinedpart,zwherewearetoday"inPara.2probablymeans.

A.theturningpointinourhistory

B.thepresentstateofournation

C.thelocationofourhomeland

D.thetotalareaofourcountry

52.Accordingtotheexperts,whyishistoryusefulforpeopletohandlechallengesoflife?

A.Theproblemsatpresentaresimilartothoseinthepast.

B.Ancientpeoplelaideconomicfoundationsforpeopletoday.

C.Thecurrentchallengesoflifewerepredictedbytheancestors.

D.Peoplelivinglongtimeagoknewmoreabouthowtosolveproblems.

53.WhatcanbeconcludedfromPara.4?

A.Itisdifficulttogetridofculturalbarriers.

B.Peoplearewillingtoacceptforeigncultures.

C.Culturalconflictsinhistoryaredifficulttoignore.

D.Historyhelpsusimproveourcross-culturalawareness.

54.WiththeexampleinPara.5,thewriterintendstoshowthat.

A.CharlesDickenscontributesmuchtoBritishliterature.

B.OliverTwistcansatisfyourcuriosityforromanticpoets.

C.readingnovelsisawaytolearnaboutahistoricalperiod.

D.studyinghistorycanarousepeople,sinterestinotherfields.

55.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.HowtoBuildCulturalIdentity

B.WhyStudyingHistoryMatters

C.KnowthePast,KnowthePresent

D.History:aWaytoBroadenHorizons

題組二(2024年高考真題)

Passagel(2024?天津卷,D)

WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman?Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeen

alosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning,

andhehasoftenbeeninprison.Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives,hedeterminestowritea

book.

Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.That

formerprisonerwasCervantes,andthebookwasDonQuixote(《堂吉訶德》).Andthestoryposes

aninterestingquestion:whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendof

theirdays,whileothersgotoseedlongbefore?

We'veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife'shalfwaymark.I'mnot

talkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan,tallgetthere.I'mtalkingaboutpeople

whohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinions

thatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.

Mostofus,infact,progressivelynarrowthevarietyofourlives.Wesucceedinourfield

ofspecializationandthenbecometrappedinit.Nothingsurprisesus.Weloseoursenseofwonder.

But,ifwearewillingtolean,theopportunitiesareeverywhere.

Thethingswelearninmaturityseldominvolveinformationandskills.Welearntobearwith

thethingswecan,tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetryto

please,somepeoplearenevergoingtoloveus-anideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventually

relaxing.

Withhighmotivationandenthusiasm,wecankeeponlearning.Thenwewillknowhowimportant

itistohavemeaninginourlife.However,wecanachievemeaningonlyifwehavemadeacommitment

tosomethinglargerthanourownlittleegos(自我),whethertolovedones,tofellowhumans,

towork,ortosomemoralconcept.

Manyofusequate(視...等同于)^commitment,,withsuch“caring“occupationsasteaching

andnursing.Butdoinganyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitselfanadmirablecommitment.

Peoplewhoworktowardsuchexcellencewhethertheyaredrivingatruck,orrunningastore-make

theworldbetterjustbybeingthekindofpeopletheyare.They,velearnedlife5smostvaluable

lesson.

51.ThepassagestartswiththestoryofCervantestoshowthat.

A.lossoffreedomstimulatesone,screativity

B.ageisnotabarriertoachievingone'sgoal

C.miseryinspiresamantofightagainsthisfate

D.disabilitycannotstopaman5spursuitofsuccess

52.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean?

A.Endone5sstruggleforliberty.

B.Wasteone'senergytakingrisks.

C.Misstheopportunitytosucceed.

D.Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning.

53.WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph4?

A.Thosewhodaretotryoftengetthemselvestrapped.

B.Thosewhotendtothinkbackcanhardlygoahead.

C.Opportunityfavorsthosewithacuriousmind.

D.Opportunityawaitsthosewithacautiousmind.

54.WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinParagraph5?

A.Atoughmancantoleratesuffering.

B.Awisemancanlivewithoutself-pity

C.Amanshouldtrytosatisfypeoplearoundhim.

D.Amanshouldlearnsuitablewaystodealwithlife

55.Whatistheauthor,spurposeinwritingthepassage?

A.Toprovideguidanceonleadingameaningfuladultlife.

B.Tostresstheneedofshoulderingresponsibilitiesatwork.

C.Tostatetheimportanceofgeneratingmotivationforlearning.

D.Tosuggestawayofpursuingexcellenceinourlifelongcareer.

Passage2(2024?江蘇卷,C)

WhocaresifpeoplethinkwronglythattheInternethashadmoreimportantinfluencesthan

thewashingmachine?Whydoesitmatterthatpeoplearemoreimpressedbythemostrecentchanges?

Itwouldnotmatterifthesemisjudgmentswerejustamatterofpeople5sopinions.However,

theyhaverealimpacts,astheyresultinmisguideduseofscarceresources.

ThefascinationwiththeICT(InformationandCommunicationTechnology)revolution,

representedbytheInternet,hasmadesomerichcountrieswronglyconcludethatmakingthings

isso〃yesterday〃thattheyshouldtrytoliveonideas.Thisbeliefin"post-industrialsociety”

hasledthosecountriestoneglecttheirmanufacturingsector(制造業(yè))withnegativeconsequences

fortheireconomies.

Evenmoreworryingly,thefascinationwiththeInternetbypeopleinrichcountrieshasmoved

theinternationalcommunitytoworryaboutthe〃digitaldivide"betweentherichcountriesand

thepoorcountries.Thishasledcompaniesandindividualstodonatemoneytodevelopingcountries

tobuycomputerequipmentandInternetfacilities.Thequestion,however,iswhetherthisiswhat

thedevelopingcountriesneedthemost.Perhapsgivingmoneyforthoselessfashionablethings

suchasdiggingwells,extendingelectricitynetworksandmakingmoreaffordablewashingmachines

wouldhaveimprovedpeople'slivesmorethangivingeverychildalaptopcomputerorsettingup

Internetcentresinruralvillages,Iamnotsayingthatthosethingsarenecessarilymoreimportant,

butmanydonatorshaverushedintofancyprogrammeswithoutcarefullyassessingtherelative

long-termcostsandbenefitsofalternativeusesoftheirmoney.

Inyetanotherexample,afascinationwiththenewhasledpeopletobelievethattherecent

changesinthetechnologiesofcommunicationsandtransportationaresorevolutionarythatnow

weliveina"borderlessworld”.Asaresult,inthelasttwentyyearsorso,manypeoplehave

cometobelievethatwhateverchangeishappeningtodayistheresultofgreattechnological

progress,goingagainstwhichwillbeliketryingtoturntheclockback.Believinginsucha

world,manygovernmentshaveputanendtosomeoftheverynecessaryregulationsoncross-border

flowsofcapital,labourandgoods,withpoorresults.

Understandingtechnologicaltrendsisveryimportantforcorrectlydesigningeconomic

policies,bothatthenationalandtheinternationallevels,andformakingtherightcareerchoices

attheindividuallevel.However,ourfascinationwiththelatest,andourundervaluationof

whathasalreadybecomecommon,can,andhas,ledusinallsortsofwrongdirections.

61.Misjudgmentsontheinfluencesofnewtechnologycanleadto.

A.alackofconfidenceintechnology

B.aslowprogressintechnology

C.aconflictofpublicopinions

D.awasteoflimitedresources

62.TheexampleinParagraph4suggeststhatdonatorsshould.

A.takepeople,sessentialneedsintoaccount

B.maketheirprogrammesattractivetopeople

C.ensurethateachchildgetsfinancialsupport

D.providemoreaffordableinternetfacilities

63.Whathasledmanygovernmentstoremovenecessaryregulations?

A.Neglectingtheimpactsoftechnologicaladvances.

B.Believingthattheworldhasbecomeborderless.

C.Ignoringthepowerofeconomicdevelopment.

D.Over-emphasizingtheroleofinternationalcommunication.

64.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Peopleshouldbeencouragedtomakemoredonations.

B.Traditionaltechnologystillhasaplacenowadays.

C.Makingrightcareerchoicesiscrucialtopersonalsuccess.

D.Economicpoliciesshouldfollowtechnologicaltrends.

Passage3(2024?新課標(biāo)III卷,B)

ForWesterndesigners,ChinaanditsrichculturehavelongbeenaninspirationforWestern

creative.

〃It'snosecretthatChinahasalwaysbeenasource(來(lái)源)ofinspirationfordesigners,z/says

AmandaHill,chiefcreativeofficeratA+ENetworks,aglobalmediacompanyandhometosomeof

thebiggestfashion(時(shí)尚)shows.

Earlierthisyear,theChinaThroughALookingGlassexhibitioninNewYorkexhibited140

piecesofChina-inspiredfashionableclothingalongsideChineseworksofart,withtheaimof

exploringtheinfluenceofChineseaesthetics(美學(xué))onWesternfashionandhowChinahasfueled

thefashionableimaginationforcenturies.Theexhibitionhadrecordattendance,showingthat

thereishugeinterestinChineseinfluences.

,zChinaisimpossibletooverlook,z/saysHill."Chinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyand

fashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenare

notjustconsumersoffashion一theyarecentraltoitsmovement.〃0fcourse,onlyaretoday's

topWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChina-someofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashion

arethemselvesChinese.zzVeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGaliano,Albaz,Marc

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