考博英語(yǔ)模擬試卷8（共9套）

（共521題）

考博英語(yǔ)模擬試卷第1套

一、詞匯（本題共30題，每題7.0分，共30分。）

1、Conditionsweretreesvirtuallydisappearedfromtheinland,and40%of

Australiawastransformedintoavastactivedunefield.

A、sofarasthat

B、sofartherasto

C、soextremethat

D^sonumerousthat

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：程度短語(yǔ)不要與同級(jí)形容詞比較關(guān)系混淆，根據(jù)語(yǔ)義應(yīng)選C。

2、AmongthemanyopenresearchquestionsonMTBEarehowitismetabolized,

thelevelsofexposureinthegeneralpopulationare.

A、butwhat

B、andwhat

C^buthow

D、andwhy

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：需要what從句結(jié)構(gòu)。

3、Basedontheirreview,theUniversityofCaliforniaresearchersconcludedthatMTBE

isananimalviruscausecancerinhumans.

A^withoutdoubtto

B、withoutquestionto

C、withtheintentionto

D^withthepotentiallo

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：ihepolenlial意為“可能性”、“潛力”，更符合題意。

4、Iftheadditivesare,theUniversityofCaliforniaresearchersrecommended

cautioninapprovinganyalternatives.

A^postponedup

B、phasedup

C、phrasedup

D、phasedout

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：詞組搭配題目。

5、Additionofanychemicalcompound(oiheenvironmentinquantitiesa

significantfractionofthetotalcontentofgasolinemayhaveunexpectedenvironmental

consequences.

A、thatconstitute

B、whichconstitutes

C、thataresubstitutedby

D、whichsubstitute

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)要求時(shí)態(tài)統(tǒng)一，故選A。

6、Communicationskillsseemtocountforlittleincomparisonwithreputation

invitationstospeak.

A、whenitcameto

B、whencausing

C^whenitcomesto

D、whileresultingfrom

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c

知識(shí)點(diǎn)0析：C為固定句型的用法。

7、Viewerssimplycanwaluhwhalisonapresciilaliunviaakeyboard,louuh

screenormouse.

A、andpresson

orinteractwith

C、bypressing

D、orinterpretto

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：選擇關(guān)系和結(jié)構(gòu)兩個(gè)方面考慮都需要B。

8、Psychologistsclearlyhavetheirownmarketplaceand,,haveaholdonthe

majorportionoftheoutpatientservicesrenderedtothepublic.

A、asstatedearlier

B、statingearlier

C^asisstated

D^aswasstated

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：A表示“如前所述”之意。

9、TheculturalchangeinBritishscienceoverthepastfiveyearsmeansthat-additional

fundingisnowmoreimportantthaneveritisnolongerrequired.

A、butthat

B、notinthat

C^orthat

D、notthat

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：D表示“而不在于……

10、,thedistinctionbetweencreatorsandusersofcoi*poratetelevisionis

blurring.

A、Whateverthecaseis

B、Whichevercasebe

C^Whateverthecase

D、Whatthecaseis

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)露斤：表示“無(wú)論什么情況”須用Co

11、Theriseinstockpriceshasbeendrivenlargelybyimprovementsintheeconomy,

principallyrisingprofits,fallinginflation,andfallinginterestrates.

A、corporate

B、correspond

C、corroborate

D、corrode

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：,'合作”方面的詞語(yǔ)是必考詞語(yǔ)，應(yīng)給予注意。

12、Wehaveseenlife-sayingmedicaldevicesthemarketbythecrushingcosts

oflitigation.

A、forcedoff

B、forcedopen

C^forcedawayin

D^forcedourwayout

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A.

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：動(dòng)詞詞組固定用法。

13、Manyreportedthatthegeneralmilitarymessagetheyreceivedwasthat,asnurses,

theywereexpectedtobestrong.

A、empirically

emotionally

C、emulously

D^eminently

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：全句語(yǔ)意需要B。

14、Governmentswillbeinvitedtotheassessment'stechnicalleadauthors.

A、normalize

B、notify

C、nominate

D、notate

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：句意和詞語(yǔ)搭配都需要選C。

15、Asideformthelegalconsiderations,ethicalprincipleswillneedrevisionif

psychologistsaregranted.

A、nursingrights

B、visitingrights

C、descriptiveprivileges

D、prescriptionprivileges

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：詞語(yǔ)搭配都需要選Do

16、UnliketheirseniorswhorememberaworldwithoutTV,theyareasin

soundsandimagerasintheprintedword,andasoftenasnot,prefertodobusinessthat

way.

A、literary

B、literate

literal

D、literacy

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：從句意和詞語(yǔ)搭配兩方面看都需要選Bo

17、Videoevencanbeintegratedwithtexttoproduceandanimateddocuments.

A、long-lived

B、livelong

C、live-action

D、livening

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：C表示“實(shí)況活動(dòng)”，符合題意。

18、Thebillwouldestablishprotectionagainst—andcriminalandpenalties

for一theimproperdisclosureofprotectedpatientinformation.

A^domestic

B>homely

C^internal

D、civil

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：詞語(yǔ)搭配需要選D。

19>Suchrecordsandspecimenseitherpatientnamesorcodesthatwould

ultimatelyallowpatientidentification.

A、carry

bring

C、take

D、fetch

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：詞語(yǔ)搭配需要選A。

20、Alternatively,researchersseekingaccesstoidentifiable,recordsorspecimenscan

use"expedited"IRBreview,inwhichoneboardmemberistorapidlyapprove

suchstudies.

A、controlled

enrolled

C>enlisted

D、authorized

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：詞語(yǔ)搭配需要選D。

21、Newtechnologiescontinuetobeadrivingforce,asdevelopmentsinsatellites,

digitalvideo,andmultimediathathaveyettoworktheirwayintobroadcastor

cablearebecomingessentialtocorporateTVoperations.

A、two-way

B、interactive

C、two-sided

D^mutual

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：語(yǔ)句的含義有“互動(dòng)性的”意思，不只是A“雙方的”、D“雙向的”和

C“雙邊的”的意思。

22、Byaddingafewcomponents,theycanedittapeandcreateanarrayofgraphicsand

visualeffectsthatarefromsystemscostingfiveto10timesasmuch.

A^nearlyconsiderable

B、barelydistinguishable

C、rarelydistinctive

D、scarcelyconfused

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：語(yǔ)句的含義有否定意義，故選B。

23、Indeed,withcomputersasbasicasaMacintosh,producerscanwritescripts,budget

productions,andschedulesandlocationsallonthesamemachine.

A、keeptrackof

B、keepupwith

C、keepawayfrom

D^keepabreastwith

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：語(yǔ)意要求A是正確答案。

24、Sadly,theissueofpaywastheonlyoneofasetofefficiency-raising

recommendationsputforwardbytheHRKtohavereceivedsignificantattentionfromthe

grassrootsacademiccommunity.

A^senseless

B>sensitive

C>sensible

D、sensory

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)露斤：此題為近義詞辨析，需要用排除法。

25>Inparticular,therectors'callforuniversitiestoabandonHabilitation,apost-

doctoralqualificationtraditionallyrequiredtojoinprofessorialranks,wasgreetedwitha

silence.

A、returning

repeating

C、rebounding

D、resounding

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案；D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此題為近義詞辨析，需要用排除法。

26、"Thesedays,executivesaremorefastidiousaboutpresentationandpersona,"

indicatesJackHilton,whoseNewYork-basedconsultingfirmadvisestopmanagement

television.

A、byuseof

B、intheusageof

C^bytheusingof

D、inuseof

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此題介詞，豆語(yǔ)的慣用法。

27NIfthetradedeficitreallyisoneofthenation'smostpressingproblems,thesurest

andswiftestwaytotackleitwouldbeadeeprecession.

A、toengineer

B、tosteer

C、tofacilitate

D、tobalance

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此題考名詞的多義性，這是一類?？嫉念}眼。

28、Anunderstandingoftheall-importantroleofinvestmentflowsshouldliberatetrade

policyfromitsfocusonthecurrentaccountbalance.

A、obvious

B、obtainable

C、obsessive

D^obstinate

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：要想答對(duì)形容詞使用題目，除了考慮詞語(yǔ)搭配，還需要平時(shí)積累應(yīng)試

題眼。

29、Hethinksthattheecosystemsassessmentwillfarebetterifitisintendedas

"guidanceonlyandisnotinanywayanmeasure."

A^obtuse

B、obligatory

C、obscure

D^oblivious

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：語(yǔ)句含義要求為B。

30、Thesubstanceeasilythroughgroundwater,andsomecommunitieshave

experiencedacuteepisodesofwaterpollutionafterundergroundstoragetanksruptured.

A、perfuses

B、perscusses

C、percolates

D、perforates

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：C選項(xiàng)是個(gè)超綱詞匯，有時(shí)需要語(yǔ)感的判斷。

二、閱讀理解（本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。）

Inrecentyears,therehasbeenasteadyassaultonsaltfromthedoctors:saltisbadfor

youregardlessofyourhealth.Politiciansalsogotonboard."Thereisadirect

relationship,"UScongressmanNealSmithnoted,"betweentheamountofsodiuma

personconsumesandheartdisease,circulatorydisorders,strokeandevenearlydeath."

Frightening,iftrue!Butmanydoctorsandmedicalresearchersarcnowbeginningtofed

thesaltscarehasgonetoofar.nAllthishueandcryabouteatingsaltisunnecessary,'Dr

Dustaninsists."Formostofusitprobablydoesn'tmakemuchdifferencehowmuchsalt

weeat."Dustan'smostrecentshort-termstudyof150peopleshowedthatthosewith

normalbloodpressureexperiencednochangeatallwhenplacedonanextremelylow-

saltdiet,orlaterwhensaltwasreintroduced.Ofthehypertensivesubjects,however,half

ofthoseonthelow-saltdietdidexperienceadropinbloodpressure,whichreturnedtoits

previouslevelwhensaltwasreintroduced."Anadequatetosomewhatexcessivesalt

intakehasprobablysavedmanymorelivesthanithascostinthegeneralpopulation,"

notesDrJohnH.Laragh."Soarecommendationthatthewholepopulationshouldavoid

saltmakesnosense.1*Medicalexpertsagreethateveryoneshouldpracticereasonable

"moderation"insaltconsumption.Fortheaverageperson,amoderateamountmightrun

fromfourtotengramsaday,orroughly1/2to1/3ofateaspoon.Theequivalentofone

totwogramsofthissatallowancewouldcomefromthenaturalsodiuminfood.Therest

wouldbeaddedinprocessing,preparationoratthetable.Thosewithkidney,liveror

heartproblemsmayhavetolimitdietarysalt,iftheirdoctoradvises.Buteventhevery

vocal"lowsalt"exponent,DrArthurHullHayes,Jradmitsthat"wedonotknowwhether

increasedsodiumconsumptioncauseshypertension."Infact,thereisgrowingscientific

evidencethatotherfactorsmaybeinvolved:deficienciesincalcium,potassium,perhaps

magnesium;obesity(muchmoredangerousthansodium);geneticpredisposition;stress.

"Itisnotyourenemy,"saysDrLaragh."SaltistheNo.1naturalcomponentofallhuman

tissue,andtheideathatyoudon'tneeditiswrong.Unlessyourdoctorhasproventhat

youhaveasalt-relatedhealthproblem,thereisnoreasontogiveitup."

31、Accordingtosomedoctorsandpoliticians,theamountofsaltconsumed.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

32、FromDr.Dustan'sstudywecaninferthat.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

33、Inthethirdparagraph.DrLaraghimpliesthat.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

34、Thephrase"vocal...exponent"(line2,paragraph5)mostprobablyrefersto.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析；暫無(wú)解析

Fewpeopledoubtthefundamentalimportanceofmothersinchild-rearing,butwhatdo

fathersdo?Muchofwhattheycontributeissimplytheresultofbeingasecondadultin

thehome.Bringingupchildrenisdemanding,stressfulandexhausting.Twoadultscan

supportandmakeupforeachother'sdeficienciesandbuildoneachother'sstrengths.

Fathersalsobringanarrayofuniquequalities.Somearefamiliar:protectorandrole

model.Tccn-agcboyswithoutfathersarcnotoriouslypronetotrouble.Thepathwayto

adulthoodfordaughtersissomewhateasier,buttheymuststilllearnfromtheirfathers,in

waystheycannotfromtheirmothers,howtorelatetomen.Theylearnfromtheirfathers

aboutheterosexualtrust,intimacyanddifference.Theylearntoappreciatetheirown

femininityfromtheonemalewhoismostspecialintheirlives.Mostimportant,through

lovingandbeinglovedbytheirfathers,theylearnthattheyarelove-worthy.Current

researchgivesmuchdeeper-andmoresurprising-insightintothefather'sroleinchild-

rearing.Onesignificantlyoverlookeddimensionoffatheringisplay.Formtheir

children'sbirththroughadolescence,fatherstendtoemphasizeplaymorethancare-

taking.Thefather'sstyleofplayislikelytobebothphysicallystimulatingandexciting.

Witholderchildrenitinvolvesmoreteamwork,requiringcompetitivetestingofphysical

andmentalskills.Itfrequentlyresemblesateachingrelationship:comeon,letmeshow

youhow.Mothersplaymoreatthechild'slevel.Theyseemwillingtoletthechilddirect

play.Kids,atleastintheearlyyears,seemtoprefertoplaywithdaddy.Inonestudyof

21or22year-oldswhoweregivenachoice,morethantwo-thirdschosetoplaywiththeir

father.Thewayfathersplayhaseffectsoneverythingfromthemanagementofemotions

tointelligenceandacademicachievement.Itisparticularlyimportantinpromotingself-

control.Accordingtooneexpert,"childrenwhoroughhousewiththeirfathersquickly

learnthatbiting,kickingandotherformsofphysicalviolencearenotacceptable."They

learnwhento"shutitdov/n."Atplayandinotherrealms,fatherstendtostress

competition,challenge,initiative,risktakingandindependence.Mothers,ascaretakers,

stressemotionalsecurityandpersonalsafety.Ontheplaygroundfathersoftentrytoget

thechildtoswingeverhigher,whilemothersarecautious,worryingaboutanaccident.

Wcknow,too,thatfathers'involvementseemstobelinkedtoimprovedverbaland

problem-solvingskillsandhigheracademicachievement.Severalstudiesfoundthat

alongwithpaternalstrictness,theamountoftimefathersspentreadingwiththemwasa

strongpredictoroftheirdaughters'verbalability.Forsonstheresultshavebeenequally

striking.Studiesuncoveredastrongrelationshipbetweenfathers'involvementandthe

mathematicalabilitiesof:heirsons.Otherstudiesfoundarelationshipbetweenpaternal

nurturingandhoy'sverbalintelligence.

35、Thefirstparagraphpointsoutthatoneoftheadvantagesofafamilywithboth

parentsis.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

36、Accordingtoparagraph3,onesignificantdifferencebetweenthefather^and

mother'sroleinchild-rearingis.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

37、Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

38、Studiesinvestigatingfathers'involvementinchild-rearingshowthat.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

Itisagenerallawinpolitics,thatthepowermosttobedistrusted,isthatwhich,

possessingthegreatestforce,istheleastresponsible.Undertheconstitutionalmonarchies

ofEurope,(astheyexistintheoryatleast,)thekingbesidesunitinginhissingleperson

alltheauthorityoftheexecutive,whichincludesapowertomakewar,createpeers,and

unconditionallytonameallemployments,hasanequalinfluenceinenactinglaws,his

vetobeingabsolute;butinAmerica,theexecutive,besidesbeingelective,isstrippedof

mostofthesehighsourcesofinfluence,andisobligedtokeepconstantlyinviewthe

justiceand.legalityofhisacts,bothonaccountofhisdirectresponsibilities,andon

accountoftheforceofpublicopinion.Inthiscountry,ihereisfarmoretoapprehend

fromCongress,thanfromtheexecutive,asisseeninthefollowingreasons:-Congress

iscomposedofmany,whiletheexecutiveisone,bodiesofmennotoriouslyactingwith

lesspersonalresponsibilitiesthanindividuals;congresshaspowertoenactlaws,whichit

becomesthedutyoftheexecutivetoseeenforced,andtherallylegislativeauthorityofa

countryisalwaysitsgreatestauthority;fromthedecisionsandconstructionsofthe

executive,thecitizencanalwaysappealtothecourtsforprotection,butnoappealcanlie

fromtheactsofcongress,exceptonthegroundsofunconslitutionality,theexecutivehas

directpersonalresponsibilitiesunderthelawsoftheland,foranyabusesofhisauthority,

butthememberofcongressunlessguiltyofopencorruption,isalmostbeyondpersonal

liabilities.Itfollowsthatthelegislatureofthiscountry,bytheintentionofthe

constitution,wieldsthehighestauthorityundertheleastresponsibility,andthatitisthe

powermosttobedistrusted.Still,allwhopossesstrusts,aretobediligentlywatched,for

thereisnoprotectionagainstabuseswithoutresponsibility,noranyrealresponsibility,

withoutvigilance.Politicalpartisans,whoaretooapttomistaketheimpulsesoftheir

ownhostilitiesandfriendshipsfortruths,havelaiddownmanyfalseprinciplesonthe

subjectofthedutiesoftheexecutive.Whenalawispassed,itgoestotheexecutivefor

execution,throughtheexecutiveagents,and,atneedtothecourtsforinterpretation.It

wouldseemthatthereisnodiscretionvestedintheexecutiveconcerningthe

constitutionalityofalaw.Ifhedistruststheconstitutionalityofanylaw,hecansetforth

hisobjectionsbyresortingtotheveto;butitisclearlytheintentionofthesystemthatthe

wholelegislativepower,inthelastresort,shallabideincongress,whileitisnecessaryto

theregularactionofthegovernment,thatnoneofitsagents,butthosewhoareespecially

appointedforthatpurpose,shallpretendtointerprettheconstitution,inpractice.The

citizenisdifferentlysituated.Ifheconceiveshimselfoppressedbyanunconstitutional

law,itishisinalienableprivilegetoraisethequestionbeforethecourts,whereafinal

interpretationcanbehad.Bythisinterpretationtheexecutiveandallhisagentsare

equallyboundtoabide.Thisobligationarisesfromthenecessityofthings,aswellas

fromthenatureoftheinstitutions.Theremustbesomewhereapowertodecideonthe

constitutionalityoflaws,andthispowerisvestedinthesupremecourtoftheUnited

States,onfinalappeal.

39、Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassageistoindicate.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

40>Accordingtotheauthor,itisnotthepresident'sresponsibilityto.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

41、ThestrengthofCongressliesinitsnumbersbecause.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

42、Onedifferencebetweenaconstitutionalmonarchandthepresidentnotmentioned

bytheauthoristhatthe.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)獨(dú)家.C

知識(shí)之解析：暫無(wú)解析

Humanbeings,unlikeoysters,frequentlyrevealtheiremotions.Andtheyarcprolificat

discoveringnew"rights.*1Todaytheyspeakoften,andcrossly,abouttheir"right'*to

health.Theyarepayingalotformedicineandarenotgettingallthattheythinktheyare

payingfor,aguaranteetoendlessbetterment.Theirdisappointmentisrootedinmistaken

inferencesfromafewspectacularmedicalachievements.Twenty-fivesummersago,

manychildrenwerekepthomefromtheatersthatwerepackedwithpeerswatching

RandolphScottcowboymovies.Manyparentswereafraid,andrightlyso,ofpolio.The-

Salkvaccinemadesummerssafer,butthatachievementhasgivenrisetounreasonable

expectationbasedonthe'polioparadigm."Manypeopleassumethatadvancesinpublic

healthhavegenerallyresultedfromaconquestofadiseasebyanewtechnology.Thisis

misunderstandingofthesocialhistoryofhealth.WhenShakespeare,Coke,Baconand

Drakewereadvancingdramaandpoetry,jurisprudence,experimentalscience,navigation

andexploration,JohnDonne,whowasdoingasmuchforpoetryandpreaching,was

beingtreatedforfeverbydoctorswhoplacedadeadpigeonathisfeettodraw"vapours"

fromhisbrain.Untilthiscentury,medicinedevelopedslowly,inasocialsettinginwhich

infantmortalitywashigh,lifeexpectancywaslowevenforthosewhosurvived

childhood,anddiagnosticandtherapeuticskillswerefew.Thesuddendevelopmentof

sophisticatedmedicinehascoincided,infortunatesocieties,withsharpimprovementsin

infantsurvivalandlifeexpectancy,andundreamed-offreedomfrommanydiseases.Asa

result,medicinehasbeengivenunduecreditformankind'sbetterment.Manypeople

believethatsociety'slevelofhealthdependsprimarilyonmedicaltreatmentofthesick.

Buttherelationshipbetweenincreasedinvestmentinircdicineandimprovementsin

healthistenuous.Behaviorusuallyhasmoretodowithhowlongandhealthilypeople

livethandoesthesoaringinvestmentinmedicaltreatmentstorestorehealth,ortoslow

itsdecline.LeonKassoftheUniversityofChicagonotesthatotheranimals"instinctively

eattherightfoods(whenavailable)andactinsuchawayastomaintaintheirnaturally

givenstateofhealthandvigor.Otheranimalsdonotovereat,undersleep,knowingly

ingesttoxicsubstances,orpermittheirbodiestofallintodisusethroughsloth,watching

televisionandridinginautomobiles,transactingbusinessorwritingarticlesabout

health.nForhumans,healthmustbenurturedby"tamingandmoderatingtheadmirable

yetdangeroushumandesiretolivebetterthansowsandsquirrels."Soinoneway,it

makeslittlemoresensetoclaimarighttohealththantoclaimarighttowisdomor

courage.AsKasssays,inanagethathascrackedthegeneticcode,builtKidney

machines,andperformedorgantransplants,theideathatprudenceisthepathtohealth

seemsbanal.Butthereismuchtobelearnedaboutthesociologyofhealth,suchaswhy

somesubgroupsofthepopulationareespeciallyhealthy."Ittheincidenceofeachkindof

cancercouldbereducedtothelevelatwhichitoccursinthepopulationinwhichits

incidenceislowest,therewouldbe90percentlesscancer.Recentstudiesshowthat

cancersofallsorts—notonlycancersclearlycorrelatedwithsmokinganddninkiny—are

lessfrequentamongtheclean-livingMormonsandSeventh-DayAventists."

43、Intheauthor'sopinion,thereasonfbrpeople'sdiscontentabouttheirhealth

conditionconsistsin.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

44、Itcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthat.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

45、Theword"tenuous"(4thparagraph)mostprobablymean.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

46、Thecomparisonbetweenhumansandotheranimalsismadetoshowthat.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

ThepsychologistEdwinG.Boringpreferred"currentofbeliefastheEnglishexpression

fortheGermanwordZeitgeist,usedbyGoethein1827todescribewhatcomestogether

inthemindsofmany"neitherbyagreementnorbyself-determinedunderthemultiplicity

ofclimatesofopinion."Thatcurrentrunsabovethemultipleconversationsconducted

abouthowtointerpretthepast,howtoassessthepresent,andhowtopredictandprepare

forthefuture.Formorethanacentury,socialsciencehasparticipatedinallofthese

conversations,informingtheclimatesofopinionthatshapesociety,culture,andpolitics.

Writingontherelationshipbetweenpublicopinionand'representativegovernment,the

historianLewisNamierasked,"Whereisittobefound?Andhowisittobeascertained?

Howmanypeopleholdcleararticulateviewsevenaboutthemostimportantnational

concerns?Andiftheirviewsareoriginalandwell-grounded,whatchanceisthereoftheir

beingrepresentative?"Social-scientificmethodhasimprovedournumerical

understandingof"publicopinion,"butitistheuniqueresponsibilityofsocialscientiststo

informthatopinion,whetlieritisrepresentativeornot.Namierunderstoodthatpublic

opinion,thecurrentsofbelief,theZeitgeistwerecapableofhumblingthepowerful:

"Thereissuchathingasalogicofideas,andideas,whenlookedatfromadistance,seem

tohaveanindependentlifeandexistenceoftheirown;their'logic'istheoutcomeofthe

slow,hardlyconsciousthinkingofthemasses,veryprimitive,simplifiedintheprocessof

accumulation,andinitsmassadvancedeprivedofallindividualfeatures,likethepebbles

inariver-bed.Andthereissuchathingasamentalatmosphere,whichattimesbecomes

soall-pervadingthathardlyanyonecanwithdrawhimselffromitsinfluence."For

example,politicalassumptionsabouttheroleofgoverrmenuhoweverdifferenttheymay

be,haveafamiliarideologicalstabilityaboutthem,evenasnumerousstrugglespersist

overgovernment'sfunctioninmaintainingpublicorderandinrectifyinginjustice.

Politicalliberalism,expressedasadefenseofthewelfarestate,gavewelfarepolicya

popularlygoodnameformorethanahalfcentury.Socialsecurity,medicare,and

mortgagedeductionshaveallcontributedtomaintainingamiddleclassaccordingto

liberalprinciplesofsocialwelfare.Libertariansentimentalistsmaybalkat（回避，畏縮

不前）thenegativeexternalitiescreatedbysuchlong-term,goodintentionsaskeepingthe

elderlyoutofpoverty,ifnotoutofnursinghomes,butitseemsunlikelyintheshortterm,

atleast,thatanysubstantialsocial,religious,orpoliticalmovementofscif-rcspcctwill

emergeamongtheclassespresentlybenefitingthemostfromthelargesse（賞賜物）they

areresponsibleforcreating.Social-scientificunderstandingisdistinctfrompolitical

conviction,butthetwohavealongrelationshipthatseemslikelytocontinue,regardless

ofideologicalcross-currents.Suchcrosscurrentsofconfidence,asitwere,haveinrecent

decadesdefinedthebattlesoverthelegacyofthemosttragicconsequences,however

unintended,ofsocialwelfarepolicy:inthecaseofthepoor,theroleofgovernmentgave

"welfare"abadname.Asthatwelfarepolicytransferstoindividualstates,social

scientists,whatevertheirmethodologies,havearesponsibilitytocontinueinforming

publicunderstandingabouttheconditionsofentirepopulationsandsub-groupswithin

thosepopulations.Theywillcontinuetofacethedifficultyofhowtoacknowledgeihe

limitsoftheirknowledgeatanymomentintime.

47、Thebesttitleforthispassagemightbe.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析?：暫無(wú)解析

48>InParagraph3,wecanmainlylearnthat.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

49、TheauthordoesdiscussthefollowingissueEXCEPTthat.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

50、Itisinferredfromthelastparagraphthat.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

三、完形填空(本題共30題，每題1.0分，共30分。)

ThemoodofcomplacencyintheEuropeanUnion(EU)isdrivenlargelybytherecovery

inFranceandGermanyandtheimminentlaunchofeconomicandmonetaryunion.But

two[51]recentdevelopmentschallengethenotion[52]theEUcanremainimmune

fromtheshocksoccurringaroundemergingmarkets.Thefirstphenomenonisthatthe

financial[53]areoccurringsimultaneouslyandinmanyinstancesaremutually

reinforcing.Contagionisnolongera[54];itisafactoflife.Theerosionofmarket

confidence[55]withasecondphenomenon:theemergenceofapolitical[56]in

Moscow,Tokyo,Washington,andBonn.TheEUand[57]15memberstateshave

contributedgenerouslythroughIMFpackagesandtechnicalaidstostrengthendomestic

bankingsupervisioninAsia.But[58]thehighestlevel,EUleadershaveshown

themselvesdrivenbydomesticpolitical[59]AllthedifficultnegotiationsoverEU

enlargviiiviil,[60],werepuluffuntilaflcitheGcnnancluclioninSeptembur.

51、

A、few

B、afew

C、more

D、less

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此句有比較關(guān)系。

52、

A^that

B、this

C^which

D^one

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：that同位語(yǔ)從句。

53、

A、shakes

B、shocks

C、quakes

D、trembles

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：詞語(yǔ)搭配關(guān)系。

54、

A^attack

B、rush

C、risk

D、dash

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：詞語(yǔ)搭配關(guān)系。

55、

A、meets

B、conserves

C^challenges

D、coincides

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：近義詞選擇關(guān)系。

56、

A、continuity

B、vacuum

C、truth

D、vacancy

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：近義或反義詞選擇判斷關(guān)系。

57、

A^its

B、their

C、theirown

D^the

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：代詞題目每次都耍考。

58、

A、on

at

C、in

D^for

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：介詞搭配關(guān)系。

59、

A、considerations

B>consequences

C^convergence

D^combination

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：語(yǔ)句的搭配須選A。

60、

A、forsomereason

forsometime

C、forexample

D、forthismeans

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：據(jù)語(yǔ)境的連貫關(guān)系，需要舉例說(shuō)明問(wèn)題，所以選C。

Themostconvincingevidencefortheimportanceofadultinfluenceonachild's

intelligencecomesfromastudyof"atrisk"children.RameyandFrancesCampbellof

theUniversityofNorthCarolina[61]wi