解析高考英語(yǔ)閱讀中長(zhǎng)難句1/47 長(zhǎng)難句通常含有較多、較長(zhǎng)修飾成份、并列成份或從句。 了解長(zhǎng)難句關(guān)鍵是了解長(zhǎng)難句類型，理清句子成份，抓住句子中關(guān)鍵部分。2/471、帶有較多成份簡(jiǎn)單句。Havingchosenfamilytelevisionprogramsandwomen’smagazines，thetoothpastemarketer，forinstance，mustselecttheexacttelevisionprogramsandstationsaswellasthespecificwomen’smagazinestobeused.

一、長(zhǎng)難句分類3/472、含有多個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句并列句。

Inthe1970s,hewasasurgeonatYale，andhadawonderfulwifeandfivebeautifulchildren，buthewasterriblyunhappy.4/47

Ican’tliveinfearofthepossibilitythatastheearth’spopulationgrowsandweusemoreandmoreofournonrenewable(不能再生)resources，ourchildrenmayhavetoleadpoorerlives.3、含有多個(gè)從句復(fù)合句。5/474、含有多個(gè)插入成份句子。Hisjourneytothee-mailhellbeganinnocently（無(wú)知地）enoughwhen,aschairmanofComputerAssociatesInternational，asoftwarecompany，hefirstheardhowquicklyhisemployeeshadacceptedtheirnewelectronic-mailsystem.6/475、并列復(fù)合句。Ihaveknownchangesforthebetterandchangesfortheworse，butIhaveneverquestionedthefactthatwhetherIlikeditornot，changewasunavoidable.7/47Before1066,inthelandwenowcallGreatBritainlivedpeoplesbelongingtotwomajorlanguagegroups.6、倒裝句。8/47

1、復(fù)合從句

不論句子有多長(zhǎng)有多復(fù)雜，它只由兩部分組成，即主干和修飾成份。

主干是整個(gè)句子骨架，主要指主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)或主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。而修飾成份在句中只起修飾或補(bǔ)充主干作用，它既能夠是單詞，也能夠是短語(yǔ)，更常見(jiàn)則是從句，尤其是定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句。 經(jīng)過(guò)仔細(xì)分析，將每個(gè)修飾成份劃出來(lái)，找出句子主干，這么整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)就清楚了。二、長(zhǎng)難句歸納9/472、分隔結(jié)構(gòu)

為了調(diào)整語(yǔ)氣和增加補(bǔ)充信息，更主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，防止頭重腳輕，使語(yǔ)義嚴(yán)密，將語(yǔ)法關(guān)系親密兩個(gè)句子成份用其它語(yǔ)法成份分隔開(kāi)來(lái)。 考試中出現(xiàn)較多是插入語(yǔ)、用破折號(hào)插入新話題或補(bǔ)充信息。另外，還有一些句子成份（普通是定語(yǔ)）過(guò)長(zhǎng)而出現(xiàn)后置，也能夠看作是插入現(xiàn)象。只不過(guò)它只是句子原有成份位置調(diào)整，沒(méi)有新增信息。

10/47

3、成份省略

在英語(yǔ)句子中，節(jié)約用詞是一條主要修辭標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。省略主要是為了防止重復(fù)，突出關(guān)鍵詞并使上下文緊密連接。成份省略普通和從句相結(jié)合，一正一反，使句子富于改變，增強(qiáng)表現(xiàn)力。

11/47

4、改變語(yǔ)序

改變語(yǔ)序主要指倒裝句式。這種打破相對(duì)固定常規(guī)語(yǔ)序做法，或是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)句子意義表示重心，或是強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)表示語(yǔ)氣，如虛擬語(yǔ)氣、否定語(yǔ)氣等。這些句子往往和一些副詞、連詞相關(guān)，有顯著標(biāo)志。12/47

(1)

結(jié)構(gòu)分析法

經(jīng)過(guò)語(yǔ)法分析，快速搞清句子結(jié)構(gòu)，把握住句子基本框架。首先，判斷該句是簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句；然后，找出句子關(guān)鍵成份，分清主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)，再分清句子從屬成份。

三、分析長(zhǎng)難句方法策略13/47句子判斷簡(jiǎn)單句并列句復(fù)合句主干并列連詞隸屬連詞14/47

However,whospecializeinageingthehumanbodyisjustnotdesignedtolastpastabout120years.

方法一：較復(fù)雜單句處理方法——找主、謂語(yǔ)，即找主干成份

manyscientistsaredoubtfulaboutitandsay15/47方法二：并列句處理方法---找并列連詞MissGermaine’smotherlookedanxiousthroughtheweddingMr.Cordell’sparentsarereportedtobelessthandelighted.

and16/47方法三：主從復(fù)合句處理方法---找隸屬連詞awoman’sclosestfemalefriendmightbethefirsttotellhertoleaveafailingmarriage，itwasn’tunusualtohearamansayhedidn’tknowhisfriend’smarriagewasinserioustroubleheappearedonenightaskinghecouldsleeponthesofa.Whereasthatthatuntilif17/47方法四：并列和主從復(fù)合句并存處理方法——先讀懂并列句，再看主從復(fù)合句

youaskpeopletonameonepersonhadthegreatesteffectontheEnglishlanguage,youwillgetanswerslike“Shakespeare”,“SamuelJohnson”,and“Webster”,noneofthesemenhadanyeffectatallcomparedtoamandidn’tevenspeakEnglish—William,theConqueror.butIfwhowho18/47

(2)意群閱讀法

把意義和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)上相關(guān)聯(lián)幾個(gè)詞連接成較完整信息。此方法不但有利于提升閱讀速度，而且有利于對(duì)句子整體了解。

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分析：①是狀語(yǔ)從句，②是主句，③是with引導(dǎo)介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，修飾謂語(yǔ)。這么，把整個(gè)句子劃為3個(gè)意群，能夠大大提升閱讀速度。

Whentwocarstravellingat30mhhiteachother，anunbelteddriverwouldmeetthewindshieldwithaforceequaltodivingheadfirstintothegroundfromaheightof10meters.20/471.句子信息量大，結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，附加成份多（幾個(gè)從句同時(shí)出現(xiàn)）2.分隔現(xiàn)象普遍（主謂分隔、同位語(yǔ)分隔、定語(yǔ)分隔等）3.省略現(xiàn)象

四、長(zhǎng)難句幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)

這些都增加了閱讀難度。所以在回歸語(yǔ)篇復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)，要利用所學(xué)知識(shí)去突破英語(yǔ)閱讀中長(zhǎng)難句。21/47五、分析長(zhǎng)難句注意事項(xiàng)1、是否有同位語(yǔ)和插入語(yǔ)。2、是否有省略、倒裝和分隔等現(xiàn)象。3、替換詞所指對(duì)象。4、判斷并列成份層次。5、句首并列連詞and、or、but、for通常起承上啟下作用，不要將他們歸入后文句法分析。22/47五、分析長(zhǎng)難句注意事項(xiàng)6、在從句多句子中，從句中又包含從句現(xiàn)象。7、非限定動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)在句中作次要成份（定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)）時(shí)又帶著自己較長(zhǎng)隸屬成份，尤其是狀語(yǔ)從句或賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)分析。8、在有多個(gè)從句復(fù)合句和并列句中，狀語(yǔ)（單個(gè)詞、短語(yǔ)或從句）終究是全句修飾語(yǔ)還是某個(gè)從句或詞語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ)。23/4724/47

ChinesePremierLiKeqianggreetsjournalistsuponarrivingathispressconferenceaftertheclosingmeetingofthesecondannualsessionofChina's12thNationalPeople'sCongress(NPC)attheGreatHallofthePeopleinBeijing,capitalofChina.25/47

KUALALUMPUR-InvestigatorsbelievesomeoneaboardamissingMalaysianairplanedeliberatelyshutoffitscommunicationsandtrackingsystems,turnedtheplanearoundandflewfornearlysevenhoursafteritvanished,PrimeMinisterNajibRazaksaidonSaturday.Where?26/47Practice1.

SchoolsacrossChinaareexpectedtohire50,000collegegraduatesthisyearasshort-termteachers,almostthreetimesthenumberhiredlastyear,tohelpreduceunemploymentpressures。(江蘇)

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However，thoseofuswhoareparentsofchildreninthisagegroupknowthatsuchoffersarerelativelyrareandthatmanyliberal-artsstudents(文科生)graduatewiththebeliefthattheprospective(預(yù)期)workplacemaynothaveaplaceforthem.28/47找主干，理清思緒；尋關(guān)聯(lián)，識(shí)別邏輯即先尋找主句--整個(gè)句子骨架，尤其是主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，再尋找隸屬連詞，識(shí)別和確定從句與主句邏輯關(guān)系（從句是主句何種成份）。Practice2

Todayitisnotunusualforastudent，evenifheworksparttimeatcollegeandfulltimeduringthesummer，tohave$5,000inloans(貸款)afterfouryears—loansthathemuststarttorepaywithinoneyearaftergraduation.29/47TypesandStrategies

Ⅲ.并列和主從復(fù)合句并存復(fù)雜句型

IfyouaskpeopletonameonepersonwhohadthegreatesteffectontheEnglishlanguage,youwillgetanswerslike“Shakespeare”,“SamuelJohnson”,and“Webster”,butnoneofthesemenhadanyeffectatallcomparedtoamandidn’tevenspeakEnglish—William,theConqueror.30/47分層次，先并列，后主從即先找出其中并列連詞，然后再依據(jù)并列連詞意思理清分句之間關(guān)系（順連關(guān)系、反連關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系或轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系等），再經(jīng)過(guò)隸屬連詞區(qū)分主從復(fù)合句邏輯關(guān)系。Practice3

HefoundoutthatKitWilliamshadspenthischildhoodnearAmpthill，inBedfordshire，andthoughtthathemusthavetriedthehareinaplaceheknewwell，buthestillcouldnotseetheconnectionwithKatherineofAragon,untilonedayhecameacrosstwostonecrossesinAmpthillParkandlearntthattheyhadbeenbuiltinherhonorin1773．31/47TypesandStrategies

Ⅳ.各種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)創(chuàng)新句型

主要形式有省略、插入語(yǔ)、前置、倒裝、強(qiáng)調(diào)等結(jié)構(gòu)以及被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)和分隔式定語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從句和雙重否定等非常規(guī)結(jié)構(gòu)Strategies:簡(jiǎn)化結(jié)構(gòu)，直奔主題；調(diào)整語(yǔ)序，補(bǔ)充成份，還原原來(lái)面目32/47Practice4Themagazineismale-targetingbecauseyoungguysgenerallywon’tpickupamagazinethatappearstobedirectedatfemales,whereasgirlsusuallywill.Thelackofrightmale(男性)rolemodelsinmanyoftheirlives—athomeandparticularlyintheschoolenvironment(環(huán)境)—meansthattheirpeersaretheonlypeopletheyhavetojudgethemselvesagainst.(遼寧卷C篇)

pickupamagazinethatappearstobedirectedatfemales33/47

Before1066,inthelandwenowcallGreatBritainlivedpeoplesbelongingtotwomajorlanguagegroups.

Andyourpersonalcar,ifyouhaveone,becomesjustonemoretoolinthetoolbox----andoftenaninadequateone,limitingbothyourmobilityandyourwallet.(湖北卷B篇)

Peopleslivedintheland34/47NMET,goforit!Challengeit!

35/47(宜昌三月)27.AscelebratingtheSpringFestivalmeansfamilyreunion,notbeingabletoreturnhometoaccompanytheirparentswas_____regretformigrantlaborers(打工者).A.ultimateB.fundamentalC.adequateD.superior（，湖北）28.Clinicalevidencebeganto_____,suggestingthatthenewdrugshadawiderrangeofusefulactivitiesthanhadbeenpredictedfromexperimentsinanimals． A．operate B．strengthen C．a(chǎn)pprove D．a(chǎn)ccumulate36/47（穩(wěn)派創(chuàng)新15，完型）……Hehasgivenawaycloseto￡100,000topeoplehehasmetaroundtheworld.Hehandsthosethathechooseacard36hisprojectandallowsthem48hoursto37……36.A.askingB.answeringC.expressingD.explaining37.A.getintouchB.getinexchangeC.getalongD.getaround37/47…….

Eachwritinginherownunmistakablevoice,PerriandSheilataketurnsexploringthejoysandpains,theloveandbitterness,theminortroublesandlastingrespectthathavealwaysbondedthemtogether.SheiladescribestheadventureofgivingbirthtoPerriinatinytowninTrinidadwhereherhusbandwasdoingresearchfieldwork.Perriadmitsthatshecan’tsortoutallthemessinthehouseholds,eventhoughsheknowsitdriveshermothercrazy.Togethertheycomparethoughtsonbringingupchildrenandworking,admitlong-hiddensorrows,andenjoypreciousmemories.（湖北，閱讀B）57.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.Thecontentofthebook.B.Thepurposeofthebook.C.Theinfluenceofthebook.D.Thewritingstyleofthebook.從…exploringthejoysandpains…和…describestheadventureofgiving…以及…comparethoughtsonbringingupchildrenandworking,…幾個(gè)長(zhǎng)句了解是

PerriandSheila

所寫(xiě)書(shū)內(nèi)容。38/47

Lookingdeepintothelivestheyhavelivedseparatelyandtogether,PerriandSheilatelltheirmother-daughterstorywithhonesty,humor,enthusiasm,andadmirationforeachother.Awrittenaccountintwovoices,EveryMotherIsaDaughterisaduet(二重奏)thatproducesadeep,strongsoundwiththeexperiencesthatallmothersanddaughterswillrecognize.（湖北，閱讀B）58.Howarewomen’slivesexploredinthisbook?A.Inamusicalform.B.Throughfieldresearch.C.Withuniquewritingskills.D.Fromdifferentpointsofview.58.D【命題立意】綜合了解題?！窘馕觥课恼轮衖ntwovoices在EveryMotherIsaDaughter一書(shū)中寫(xiě)到母女生活經(jīng)歷，思想感情，對(duì)社會(huì)了解能夠知道，作者是從不一樣角度去描述婦女生活。39/47

(宜昌三月)Thenaughtychildadmittedregretfullythatverylittleuse____________________theprecioustimeinthepast.(make)那個(gè)調(diào)皮胡孩子后悔認(rèn)可過(guò)去極少利用寶貴時(shí)間。(穩(wěn)派創(chuàng)新20)wefinallygotto___________________________________,whichthevillagersusedasaschool.(what)我們最終抵達(dá)這個(gè)曾經(jīng)是一個(gè)古老寺廟地方，現(xiàn)在村民當(dāng)做學(xué)校來(lái)用。wasmadeofwhatwasonceanoldtemple40/47世界環(huán)境日為了提醒世人，人類活動(dòng)對(duì)環(huán)境危害，它呼吁政府組織各種活動(dòng)來(lái)保護(hù)改進(jìn)我們生存空間。InEnglishwriting,weshouldturnsimplesentencesintocomplexsentencesInordertoremindtheworldoftheharm.Humanactivitiesdoharmtotheenvironment.WorldEnvironmentDaycallsonthegovernmenttoprotectandimproveourlivingspace.WorldEnvironmentDayisintendedtoremindtheworldtobeawareoftheharmthathumanactivitiesdototheenvironmentandcallsonthegovernmentstolaunchvarietiescampaignstoattachimportancetoprotectingandimprovinghumanenvironment.

41/47

1.Theirstudyfoundthattheobromine，foundincocoa，wasnearlyathirdmoreeffectiveinstoppingcoughsthancodeine，whichwasconsideredthebestcoughmedicineatpresent.

TheImperialCollegeLondonresearcherswhopublishedtheirresultsonlinesaidthediscoverycouldleadtomoreeffectivecoughtreatment，“whilecoughingisnotnecessarilyharmful(有害)itcanhaveamajoreffectonthequalityoflifeand”thisdiscoverycouldbeahugestepforwardintreatingthisproblem，”saidProfessorPeterBarnes.(NMET全國(guó)IID篇)53.AccordingtoProfessorBarnes，theobromine______.

A.cannotbeaseffectiveascodeine

B.canbeharmfultopeople’shealth

C.cannotbeseparatedfromchocolate

D.canbeamoreeffectivecureforcoughs

D42/47

2.MuchoftheenergythatcomesfromtheSunneverreachestheEarth’ssurface.Itiseitherreflectedorabsorbedbythegasesintheupperatmosphere.Oftheenergythatreachestheloweratmosphere，30%isreflectedbycloudsortheEarth’ssurface.Theremaining70%warmsthesurfaceoftheplanet.(NMET江蘇卷B篇)

60.OnlyasmallpartoftheSun’senergyreachestheEarth’ssurfacebecausemostofitis______.

A.absorbedbythecloudsintheloweratmosphere

B.reflectedbythegasesintheupperatmosphere

C.lostintheupperandloweratmosphere

D.usedtoevaporatewaterfromtheoceansandlakes

C43/47

3.TheresponsetoherrequestforhelpwassohugethatPoeestablishedKidsForACleanerEnvironment(KidsF.A.C.E.)in1989.Therearenow300，000membersofKidsFACEworldwideandistheworld’slargestyouthenvironmentalorganization.(NMET山東卷D篇)

72.KidsF.A.C.Eis______.

A.aprogramtohelpstudentswithwriting

B.aprojectoflitterrecycling

C.acampaignlaunchedbyPresiden