高級中學(xué)名校試題PAGEPAGE1廣東省深圳高級中學(xué)2025屆高三下學(xué)期英語學(xué)科測試（一）試卷第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題:每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中選出最佳選項。A?Whataregeysers?Geysersaretypesofhotspringswhichperiodicallyshootacolumnofsteamingwaterhighintotheair.TheyoccurinareasofvolcanicactivitywherehotlavaisfoundclosetotheEarth’ssurface.ThenamecomesfromtheIcelandicverbgeysa,togush.?Howdogeyserswork?Geysersonlyformunderveryspecificconditions.Theremustbeamplegroundwater;anundergroundheatsource;anda‘plumbingsystem’madeupofreservoirsandverticalpassagesor‘pipes’throughwhichheatedwatertravelsonitswaytotheEarth’ssurface.CoolwaterontheEarth’ssurfacetricklesdownthroughporous(多孔滲水的)rock.Asitapproachestheheatsource(hotrocksoramagmachamber)itisheatedtoextremelyhightemperaturesandstartstorisethrougha‘pipe’.Thewaterwouldusuallyturntosteambutitsdepth,plustheweightofcoolerwateraboveit,createswhatiscalledaconfiningpressurethatpreventsthesuperheatedwaterfromboilingandturningtosteam.Asthewaterrisesthispressurelessensandsteamfinallyformsandistrappedin'thereservoir.OvertimethepressureinthereservoircontinuestobuilduntilthesteamforcesthewaterupwardsthroughthepassagetothesurfaceoftheEarth,whereiteruptsthroughaventinaspectacularcolumnofsteamingwater.?Wherearegeysersfound?Geysersarerare,withonlyaround1,000activeworldwide.TheyoccurintheUnitedStates(US),Russia,Chile,NewZealandandIceland.Someeruptalmostpredictablyincyclesofminutes,hoursordays,andsomehaveyearsbetweeneruptions.ThetallestactivegeyserintheworldisSteamboatGeyserinYellowstoneNationalPark(US)whichcanshootwatermorethan90metresintotheair.Unfortunately,ithasonlydonesofivetimesfrom2003to2013.1.Thediagramhelpsto________.A.givemoredetailedexplanationsofthetermsinthetextB.provideadditionalinformationthroughagraphicC.illustratewhygeysersareunpredictableD.showtheinformationinthetextinagraphicform2.Whatisthecorrectorderofeventsastheyoccurintheformationofageysereruption?①magmaheatswater②steampressureliftswater③watercollectsinareservoir④groundwaterpenetratesrock⑤waterrisesinapipeA.④①③⑤② B.⑤④③①② C.①⑤③④② D.④①⑤③②3.Wheredoesthepassageprobablycomefrom?A.Asciencefiction. B.Aresearchplan.C.Anencyclopedia. D.Atraveljournal.【答案】1.D2.D3.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章利用圖表介紹間接泉的噴發(fā)原理?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。結(jié)合課文，再通過圖表上的內(nèi)容可知，圖表有助于以圖形的形式顯示文本中的信息。故選D?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“CoolwaterontheEarth’ssurfacetricklesdownthroughporous(多孔滲水的)rock.Asitapproachestheheatsource(hotrocksoramagmachamber)itisheatedtoextremelyhightemperaturesandstartstorisethrougha‘pipe’.（地球表面的冷水通過多孔的巖石涓涓而下。當(dāng)它接近熱源(熱巖石或巖漿庫)時，它被加熱到極高的溫度，并開始通過“管道”上升）和Asthewaterrisesthispressurelessensandsteamfinallyformsandistrappedin'thereservoir.OvertimethepressureinthereservoircontinuestobuilduntilthesteamforcesthewaterupwardsthroughthepassagetothesurfaceoftheEarth,whereiteruptsthroughaventinaspectacularcolumnofsteamingwater.（當(dāng)水上升時，壓力減小，水蒸氣最終形成并被困在水庫中。隨著時間的推移，水庫中的壓力持續(xù)增加，直到蒸汽迫使水通過通道上升到地球表面，在那里，水通過一個壯觀的蒸汽柱噴發(fā)出來）”由此可知，間歇泉噴發(fā)形成時，正確的事件順序是地下水滲透巖石、巖漿加熱水、水在管子里上升、水積聚在水庫中，最后蒸汽壓力使水升高。故選D。【3題詳析】推理判斷題。本文介紹間接泉的噴發(fā)原理，可知，文章不可能來自科幻小說，一個研究計劃，也不可能來自一篇旅游日志，它最有可能來自一本百科全書。故選C。BGilbertWhitemadeextensiveobservationsofthenaturalworldinthe1770s.Ratherthanstudydeadspecimens,asmany“naturalists”beforehim,Whiteobservedplantsandanimalsintheirnaturalsettings,makinghimoneoftheearlyecologistsinBritain.Becauseofthetimeatwhichhelived,hewasnotfullyawareofcertainphenomenasuchasbirdmigration,althoughhesuspectedsuchthingsoccurred.Throughhiswriting,manybiologistsweregivenaninsightintotheperceptionofthenaturalworldbeforetechnologicaladvancements.Asakeenobserverofbirds,hedistinguishedbetweendifferentspeciesbasedontheirsongs,withoutusingtelescopes.White’sobservationsincludedseasonaldata,suchasbud-burstandfloweringofcommonplants,whichherecordedinTheNaturalHistoryandAntiquitiesofSelborne—acollectionofletterstotwogreatscientistsofthetime.Thisbookhashadmorethan200editionsandisreputedtobe—aftertheBible,theworksofShakespeareandPilgrim’sProgress—thefourthmostpublishedbookintheEnglishLanguage.Itwaspublishedin1789andsincethenhasneverbeenoutofprint.Thebookcontains110lettersspanning20years.Inaletter,datedMay20,1777,Whitediscussedearthworms,stating:“Earthworms,thoughinappearanceasmallandinsignificantlinkinthechainofnature,yetiflost,wouldtriggermajorecologicalimbalance.”Healsohighlightedtheirroleaspromotersofvegetation,notingtheiractivitieslikemakingholesinthesoil,creatingpathways,andproducingbeneficialwastethroughwormcasts(蚯蚓糞).Itisquiteremarkablethathere,fromwritingsofnearly250yearsago,Whitereferstomanyactivitiesofearthwormsthatwe,asscientistsandgardeners,nowtakeforgrantedandcontinuetoinvestigateingreaterdetail.4.WhatmadeGilbertWhitedifferentfrompreviousnaturalists?A.Hisapproachtostudyingnature. B.Hischoiceofobservationaltools.C.Hisattitudetopreservingspecies. D.Hisfocusoncontrolledenvironments.5.WhyaretheBibleandtheworksofShakespearementionedinparagraph4?A.Tocomparetheirhistoricalsignificance.B.TosuggesttheirinfluenceonWhite’sbook.C.TohighlightthepopularityofWhite’sbook.D.Toillustratetheconnectionsbetweenclassics.6.Whatroledoearthwormsplayinnature,accordingtoGilbertWhite?A.Theyimprovesoilhealth. B.Theycontrolinsectpopulations.C.They’retoosmalltoimpactplants. D.They’reinsignificanttoecosystems.7.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Whitecouldhaveinvestigatedingreaterdetail.B.White’sworkisgreatenoughtobereferenced.C.Whitelinkedhisobservationstopracticaluses.D.White’sinsightsarestillnewtoscientistsnow.【答案】4.A5.C6.A7.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇人物傳記類說明文。文章介紹了18世紀英國博物學(xué)家GilbertWhite對自然世界的觀察以及他的著作，展現(xiàn)了他對自然的獨特見解和貢獻?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Ratherthanstudydeadspecimens,asmany“naturalists”beforehim,Whiteobservedplantsandanimalsintheirnaturalsettings,makinghimoneoftheearlyecologistsinBritain.(懷特沒有像他之前的許多“博物學(xué)家”那樣研究死亡標本，而是在自然環(huán)境中觀察植物和動物，這使他成為英國早期的生態(tài)學(xué)家之一。)”可知，GilbertWhite研究自然的方式使他與之前的博物學(xué)家不同。故選A?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Thisbookhashadmorethan200editionsandisreputedtobe—aftertheBible,theworksofShakespeareandPilgrim’sProgress—thefourthmostpublishedbookintheEnglishLanguage.(這本書已經(jīng)出版了200多個版本，被譽為僅次于《圣經(jīng)》、莎士比亞和《天路歷程》的英語第四大出版書籍。)”可知，文章提及《圣經(jīng)》和莎士比亞作品是為了突出GilbertWhite的書的受歡迎程度。故選C?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Healsohighlightedtheirroleaspromotersofvegetation,notingtheiractivitieslikemakingholesinthesoil,creatingpathways,andproducingbeneficialwastethroughwormcasts(蚯蚓糞).(他還強調(diào)了它們作為植被促進者的作用，并指出了它們的活動，如在土壤中挖洞、創(chuàng)造通道和通過蚯蚓糞產(chǎn)生有益的廢物。)”可知，GilbertWhite認為蚯蚓通過在土壤中打洞、創(chuàng)造通道以及產(chǎn)生有益的蚯蚓糞等活動促進了植被生長，從而改善了土壤健康。故選A?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Itisquiteremarkablethathere,fromwritingsofnearly250yearsago,Whitereferstomanyactivitiesofearthwormsthatwe,asscientistsandgardeners,nowtakeforgrantedandcontinuetoinvestigateingreaterdetail.(值得注意的是，根據(jù)近250年前的著作，懷特在這里提到了蚯蚓的許多活動，我們作為科學(xué)家和園丁，現(xiàn)在認為這些活動是十分合理的，并繼續(xù)進行更詳細的研究。)”可知，GilbertWhite近250年前的著作中提到的蚯蚓活動，現(xiàn)在科學(xué)家和園丁們?nèi)匀徽J為是十分合理的，并且繼續(xù)深入研究，由此可推斷出GilbertWhite的作品具有很高的參考價值，對后世影響深遠。故選B。CTherehavebeenconcernsthatvideogamesmightdamageourmentalandphysicalwell-being.Recently,moreresearcheshaverevealedtheseworriesarelargelyunfounded.Nevertheless,thereexistsadeep-seatedideathatplayingthemrotsyourbrain—it’seasytoviewthemasanunproductivewasteoftime.Butinreality,istheoppositethecase?Foryears,“brain-training”gamesandappshavebeenconvincedtobeaneffectivewaytoboostourcognitive(認知的)abilitiesorintelligence,asit’sthoughtthatbyplayingaseriesofquickfirepuzzlesfocusingonthingslikememoryorspatialawareness,overtimeourabilitiesintheseareaswillimprove;theoretically,sowillourgeneralintelligence.Fromaresearchviewpoint,thekeyliesinwhetherplayingthesesortsofgamesresultsin“transfer”effects—“near”and“far”transfereffects:neareffectsrelatetowhetherplayingonememorygameresultsinimprovementsinothermemorygames,whereasfareffectsrelatetowhetherplayingthatgameresultsinageneralimprovementincognitiveabilities.Somestudieshavepointedoutbrain-traininggamesshowweakneareffects.Asforfareffects,there’snoconvincingevidencethishappens.However,thingsgetinterestingwhenbrain-traininggamesarecomparedwithvideogames.Ina2015studycomparingthebrain-traininggameSmartPwiththevideogameMazix,researchersfoundSmartPplayersdidn’tshowboostsinproblem-solvingandspatialskills,butMazixplayersdid.Morerecently,in2020,researchersinSwedenstudieddatafromsome9,000childrenandfoundthatkidsaged9or10whoplayedvideogamesforabove-averageamountsoftimedidn’tshowanydifferencesinintelligencecomparedwiththoseplayingless.Twoyearslater,theydiscoveredthatby12,thekidsplayingvideogameshad2.5moreIQpointsthanaverage.Whyvideogamesresultinimprovementsincognitiveabilitiesovermoretargetedgamesisn’tclear.Oneargumentistodowiththeamountoftimeinvested:whereasbrain-trainingappstendtodelivermini-gamesoverashorttime,videogameshaveplayersengagedandrequiresustainedlevelsofattentionandproblem-solving.Despitesomepromisingfindings,it’scurrentlyunsafetosaythatvideogamesmakeussmarter.Meanwhile,videogamescanofferbothadvantagesandrisks,soit’simportanttobecautiousandavoidmakingquickjudgments.8.Whatdopeopleusuallythinkofbrain-traininggames?A.Theyareawasteoftime. B.Theycanimproveourintelligence.C.Theyareeasilyaccessible. D.Theymayenhanceourconcentration.9.WhatdoweknowaboutMazixplayers?A.Theydemonstratedsignsoffareffects.B.Theyhadagreattalentforvideogames.C.Theyexhibitedboostsingamingskills.D.Theyprovedtheimportanceofneareffects.10.Whatdoesthestudyin2020reveal?A.ThelimitedeffectsofageonIQpoints.B.Thenegativeimpactsofvideogames.C.Theadvantagesofplayingmoregames.D.Thebenefitsofvideogamesovertime.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.DoBrain-trainingGamesReallyWork?B.VideoGamesorBrain-trainingGames?C.CouldVideoGamesMakeUsSmarter?D.ShouldWeStopPlayingVideoGames?【答案】8.B9.A10.D11.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要探討了電子游戲能否讓人類變得更聰明的問題?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Foryears,“brain-training”gamesandappshavebeenconvincedtobeaneffectivewaytoboostourcognitiveabilitiesorintelligence,asit’sthoughtthatbyplayingaseriesofquickfirepuzzlesfocusingonthingslikememoryorspatialawareness,overtimeourabilitiesintheseareaswillimprove;(多年來，“大腦訓(xùn)練”游戲和應(yīng)用程序一直被認為是提高我們認知能力或智力的有效方法，因為人們認為，通過玩一系列專注于記憶或空間意識的速射謎題，隨著時間的推移，我們在這些領(lǐng)域的能力將會提高)”可知，人們通常認為腦力訓(xùn)練游戲可以提高我們的智力。故選B。【9題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段的“Somestudieshavepointedoutbrain-traininggamesshowweakneareffects.Asforfareffects,there’snoconvincingevidencethishappens.(一些研究指出，大腦訓(xùn)練游戲顯示出微弱的近距效應(yīng)。至于遠效應(yīng)，沒有令人信服的證據(jù)表明會發(fā)生這種情況)”以及文章第四段的“Ina2015studycomparingthebrain-traininggameSmartPwiththevideogameMazix,researchersfoundSmartPplayersdidn’tshowboostsinproblem-solvingandspatialskills,butMazixplayersdid.(在2015年的一項研究中，研究人員將大腦訓(xùn)練游戲SmartP與電子游戲Mazix進行了比較，發(fā)現(xiàn)SmartP玩家在解決問題和空間技能方面沒有表現(xiàn)出提升，但Mazix玩家表現(xiàn)出了提升)”可推知，Mazix玩家展示了遠效應(yīng)的跡象。故選A?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段的“Twoyearslater,theydiscoveredthatby12,thekidsplayingvideogameshad2.5moreIQpointsthanaverage.(兩年后，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，到12歲時，玩電子游戲的孩子智商比平均水平高出2.5分)”可推知，2020年的研究揭示了隨著時間的推移，電子游戲所展現(xiàn)出的益處。故選D?！?1題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，尤其是最后一段“Despitesomepromisingfindings,it’scurrentlyunsafetosaythatvideogamesmakeussmarter.Meanwhile,videogamescanofferbothadvantagesandrisks,soit’simportanttobecautiousandavoidmakingquickjudgments.(盡管有一些有希望的發(fā)現(xiàn)，但目前說電子游戲讓我們更聰明是不夠的。同時，電子游戲既有優(yōu)勢也有風(fēng)險，因此謹慎行事，避免快速判斷非常重要)”可知，文章討論了電子游戲是否能讓我們變得更聰明。所以“電子游戲能讓我們更聰明嗎？”適合作本文的標題。故選C。DAchallengeofteachingmathematicsratherthan,say,historyisthatthehomeworkisalothardertocomeupwith.Afterall,“WasHenryVIIIagoodking?”isareasonablequestiontoaskeitheraclassroomofnine-year-oldsoralecturetheatreofpostgraduates.But“Solvethisquadraticequation(二次方程式)”wouldleavetheclassroomnonplussedandthelecturetheatreunimpressed.Mathsislearnedbydoinganddesigningaproblemthatiseasyenoughtobeaccessible,yethardenoughtobesatisfying,isabigheadacheinitself.Partlyforthisreason,booksthatsuccessfullycommunicatehowmathematiciansthink,butareaimedatthosenotalreadyinthefield,arebothvaluableandrare.NowSirDavidSpiegelhalter,professorofstatisticsattheUniversityofCambridge,hasaddedtothecategorywithTheArtofUncertainty.Hisnewbookwillappealtomanymorethanjustmathematicians,foritstopicisuniversal:howtoanalysechance,uncertaintyandrisk.Ifanewvirusisrunningwildandthemajorityofdeathsareamongthosewhohavereceivedanewervaccine(疫苗),isthatevidencethatthevaccinationprogramisharmful?Howmuchoftopfootballteams’performancecomesdowntoluckratherthanskill?ProfessorSpiegelhalter’sexplorationofsuchquestionsisdelightful.First,heusesthemtoillustratebroaderideasabouthowprobabilityandstatisticswork.SoadiscussionofvaccinesafetyproceedstoBayes’stheorem,aprocedureforimprovingone’sjudgmentofprobabilitiesasnewevidencecomestolight.ThejoyofProfessorSpiegelhalter’sapproachisthathereachesthisdeeptruththroughnothingmorethansomeintuitive(直覺的)assumptionsandverysimplemaths.Mostimportant,though,isProfessorSpiegelhalter’sskillatcommunicatingtheseideas.Muchofprobabilityandstatisticscangoagainstourintuition,andthemathsbehinditisoftenfearsome.Butthisisnotadifficultbooktoreadorunderstand.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“nonplussed”inparagraph1probablymean?A.Impressed. B.Inspired.C.Confused. D.Amused.13.WhatisthebiggestsellingpointofTheArtofUncertaintyaccordingtotheauthor?A.Itcastslightonmaththoughts.B.Itcoversvarioustopics.C.Itmakessensetoordinarypeople.D.Itsatisfiesmathsprofessionals.14.WhydoestheauthormentionBayes’stheoreminparagraph3?A.Toprovethereliabilityofintuition.B.Torevealthebook’sacademicnature.C.Tounderlinethedeeptruthofjudgement.D.TodemonstrateSpiegelhalter’swritingapproach.15.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Amasterofmathteaching.B.Abookonintuitiveassumptions.C.Adiscussionofriskmanagement.D.Aguidetounderstandingprobability.【答案】12.C13.C14.D15.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹了一本名為《不確定性的藝術(shù)》的新書，該書通過直觀假設(shè)和簡單數(shù)學(xué)闡述了深刻真理，且文字通俗易懂，適合廣大讀者閱讀。【12題詳析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段中的“But‘Solvethisquadraticequation(二次方程式)’wouldleavetheclassroomnonplussedandthelecturetheatreunimpressed.(但是“解這個二次方程”會讓教室里的學(xué)生感到……，讓講堂里的聽眾不感興趣)”可知，and后并列的信息為“講堂里的聽眾不感興趣”，因此劃線詞信息應(yīng)該與其保持一致，即對于讓學(xué)生“解這個二次方程”的反應(yīng)應(yīng)該是感到困惑不解。因此，劃線詞意為“困惑的，不知所措的”與C選項“Confused.(感到困惑的)”為同義詞。故選C項?！?3題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Hisnewbookwillappealtomanymorethanjustmathematicians,foritstopicisuniversal:howtoanalysechance,uncertaintyandrisk.(他的新書將吸引更多的人，而不僅僅是數(shù)學(xué)家，因為它的主題是普遍的：如何分析機會，不確定性和風(fēng)險。)”可知，因為該書主題的普遍性，他的新書不僅僅會吸引數(shù)學(xué)家，還會吸引更多人。由此可知，《不確定性的藝術(shù)》這本書最大的賣點是它對普通人來說很有意義。故選C項。【14題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“First,heusesthemtoillustratebroaderideasabouthowprobabilityandstatisticswork.SoadiscussionofvaccinesafetyproceedstoBayes’stheorem,aprocedureforimprovingone’sjudgmentofprobabilitiesasnewevidencecomestolight.(首先，斯皮格爾哈爾特教授用這些問題來闡述關(guān)于概率和統(tǒng)計如何工作的更廣泛的思想。因此，關(guān)于疫苗安全性的討論就涉及到了貝葉斯定理，這是一個隨著新證據(jù)的出現(xiàn)而改進人們對概率判斷的程序。)”以及“ThejoyofProfessorSpiegelhalter’sapproachisthathereachesthisdeeptruththroughnothingmorethansomeintuitive(直覺的)assumptionsandverysimplemaths.(斯皮格爾哈爾特教授的方法的樂趣在于，他只是通過一些直覺假設(shè)和非常簡單的數(shù)學(xué)就得出了這個深刻的真理。)”可知，作者在第三段中提到貝葉斯定理是為了證明斯皮格爾哈爾特的寫作方法，即通過簡單的直覺假設(shè)和數(shù)學(xué)得出深刻的真理。故選D項?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第二段中的“NowSirDavidSpiegelhalter,professorofstatisticsattheUniversityofCambridge,hasaddedtothecategorywithTheArtofUncertainty.Hisnewbookwillappealtomanymorethanjustmathematicians,foritstopicisuniversal:howtoanalysechance,uncertaintyandrisk.(現(xiàn)在，劍橋大學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)教授大衛(wèi)?斯皮格爾哈爾特(DavidSpiegelhalter)用《不確定性的藝術(shù)》(TheArtofUncertainty)一書為這個類別增添了新的內(nèi)容。他的新書將吸引更多非數(shù)學(xué)家的人群，因為它的主題是普遍的：如何分析機會、不確定性和風(fēng)險。)”可知，本文主要介紹了大衛(wèi)?斯皮格爾哈爾特教授的新書《不確定性的藝術(shù)》，這本書的主題是關(guān)于如何分析機會、不確定性和風(fēng)險的，即本文主要講的是一本關(guān)于理解概率的指南。D選項“Aguidetounderstandingprobability.(理解概率的指南。)”符合文章主旨。故選D項。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Socrates,therenownedancientGreekphilosopher,famouslystated,“Theunexaminedlifeisnotworthliving.”___16___Hebelievedtruewisdomandpersonalgrowthcouldn’tbeachievedinanunexaminedlife.TheSocraticMethod,namedafterSocrateshimself,isaformofcooperativedialoguewhereoneasksaseriesofopen-endedquestionstoguideanothertowardinsightandunderstanding.Forexample,imagineateacherdiscussingmoralitieswithstudents.Theteachermaynotexplainwhatis“right”or“wrong”.___17___Andfollowupwithquestionslike,“Whydoweconsidersomeactionsfairandothersunfair?”Throughthisquestioning,studentsareledtothinkmorecriticallyandexaminetheirownvaluesandassumptionsratherthanjustacceptingthepredeterminedanswers.___18___Whenyouaskyourself,forinstance,“Whydoyoubelievethis?”or“Whatevidencesupportsyourthinking?”,youareencouragedtoconsiderwhetheryourbeliefsaretrulyyourownorinfluencedbyexternalfactors.Thisprocessofquestioningleadstoself-reflection,helpingindividualsbetterunderstandtheunderlyingmotivationsbehindtheirthoughtsandactions.Self-reflectionislikehittingthepausebuttononlife.___19___Anditalsolookscloselyatyourownthoughts,feelings,andexperiences.Anunexaminedlife,however,isonewherepeoplegothroughthemotionswithouteverquestioning.Livinganunexaminedlifeissimilartocoastingonautomaticpilot,whereonesimplyacceptssocialstandardswithoutcriticallyevaluatingthem.Inthiskindoflife,you’resweptalongbysociety’sexpectations.___20___Itseemsasifyou’relivingsomeoneelse’sscriptwithouteverwritingyourown.A.Itgivesyouamomenttostepback.B.Youarebarelyawareofyourowndesires.C.Sotheycanfollowa“right”or“fair”action.D.Youarealwaysstuckinyourownceaselesswork.E.TheSocraticMethodisapowerfultoolforself-examination.F.Instead,heorshemightask“Whatdoesitmeantoactmorally?”G.Thispowerfuldeclarationservesasacalltodigdeeperintoone’sownthoughts.【答案】16.G17.F18.E19.A20.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章以蘇格拉底的名言“未經(jīng)審視的生活是不值得過的”為切入點，介紹了蘇格拉底方法，并闡述了自我反思的重要性以及未經(jīng)審視的生活的弊端?！?6題詳析】上文“Socrates,therenownedancientGreekphilosopher,famouslystated,‘Theunexaminedlifeisnotworthliving.’(著名的古希臘哲學(xué)家蘇格拉底有句名言：‘未經(jīng)審視的生活是不值得過的’)”引出了蘇格拉底的這句名言。G選項“Thispowerfuldeclarationservesasacalltodigdeeperintoone’sownthoughts.(這句有力的宣言呼吁人們更深入地挖掘自己的思想)”對這句名言進行了進一步解讀，說明其作用是引導(dǎo)人們深入思考自己的思想，與上文邏輯緊密。故選G項。【17題詳析】上文“Theteachermaynotexplainwhatis‘right’or‘wrong’.(老師可能不會解釋什么是‘對’或‘錯’)”表明老師不會直接給出對錯的定義。F選項“Instead,heorshemightask‘Whatdoesitmeantoactmorally?’(相反，他或她可能會問‘道德行事意味著什么?’)”與上文形成轉(zhuǎn)折，說明老師會通過提問的方式引導(dǎo)學(xué)生思考，符合蘇格拉底方法中通過提問引導(dǎo)他人思考的特點，上下文銜接自然。故選F項。【18題詳析】下文“Whenyouaskyourself,forinstance,‘Whydoyoubelievethis?’or‘Whatevidencesupportsyourthinking?’(例如，當(dāng)你問自己‘你為什么相信這個?’或‘有什么證據(jù)支持你的想法?’)”具體說明了自我審視時的提問方式。E選項“TheSocraticMethodisapowerfultoolforself-examination.(蘇格拉底方法是一種強大的自我審視工具)”起到了承上啟下的作用，既承接上文對蘇格拉底方法的介紹，又引出下文關(guān)于自我審視的具體內(nèi)容。故選E項?！?9題詳析】上文“Self-reflectionislikehittingthepausebuttononlife.(自我反思就像按下生活的暫停鍵)”將自我反思比喻為暫停鍵。A選項“Itgivesyouamomenttostepback.(它給你一個退后一步思考的時刻)”進一步解釋了按下暫停鍵的意義，即讓人有時間退后一步思考，與上文邏輯一致。故選A項?！?0題詳析】上文“Livinganunexaminedlifeissimilartocoastingonautomaticpilot,whereonesimplyacceptssocialstandardswithoutcriticallyevaluatingthem.Inthiskindoflife,you’resweptalongbysociety’sexpectations.(過一種未經(jīng)審視的生活就像在自動駕駛狀態(tài)下滑行，人們只是簡單地接受社會標準而不進行批判性評估。在這種生活中，你會被社會的期望所裹挾)”描述了未經(jīng)審視的生活的狀態(tài)。B選項“Youarebarelyawareofyourowndesires.(你幾乎意識不到自己的欲望)”進一步說明了在這種生活狀態(tài)下的結(jié)果，即人們會忽略自己的欲望，上下文語意連貫。故選B項。第三部分英語知識運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Venicehaslongsufferedunderthepressureofovertourism,leadingtoendangeredheritagesites.Nowadays,itislaunchinga(n)___21___campaigntoinformvisitorsofapilotprogramannouncedlastyear.Day-tripperstothecanalcityofVenicewhofailtopay5eurosto___22___thecity’shistoriccenterwillface___23___startingat10timestheentrancefee.Officialshaveavoidedcallingitatax,optingfor___24___wordslikecontribution,sinceitalsoaimstocomeupwithmoremoneytohelpbetter___25___thephenomenon.Visitorsarrivingatthemaintrainandbusstationswillfirstbemetbystewards(乘務(wù)員)whowillremindthemofthenewrequirementand___26___anyonewhohasn’tyetdownloadedtheQRcode(二維碼).Paymentplaceswillbe___27___foranyonewithoutasmartphone.Anyone___28___beyonddesignated(指定的)controlplaceswithouttherequireddocumentationwillbe___29___tofines.Thesewill___30___from50to300euros,plusthemaximumentrancefeeallowedbylaw,setat10euros.Anexemptionvoucher(免除憑證)willbe___31___topeoplewhoaccessthecityforwork,schoolormedicalcare,aswellastopeopleborninVeniceand___32___oftheregion.MayorLuigiBrugnarohopestheprogramcanreducecrowdson___33___days,encouragelongervisitsandimprovethequalityoflifeforresidents.Theadvertisingvideo,___34___Brugnarospeakingavarietyoflanguagesaidedbyartificialintelligence,hasbecomea___35___.21.A.advertising B.recycling C.welcoming D.marketing22.A.decorate B.enter C.evaluate D.promote23.A.compensations B.rewards C.pays D.fines24.A.harder B.softer C.plainer D.smarter25.A.acknowledge B.interpret C.highlight D.manage26.A.trace B.monitor C.help D.identify27.A.torndown B.movedaway C.setup D.takenover28.A.found B.left C.thought D.sent29.A.subject B.forced C.ready D.applied30.A.distinguish B.arise C.range D.suffer31.A.made B.issued C.printed D.collected32.A.students B.workers C.stewards D.residents33.A.clear B.peak C.gloomy D.ordinary34.A.featuring B.catching C.anticipating D.opposing35.A.strike B.kick C.hit D.beat【答案】21.A22.B23.D24.B25.D26.C27.C28.A29.A30.C31.B32.D33.B34.A35.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇新聞稿。文章主要講述了威尼斯長期受過度旅游影響，遺產(chǎn)地瀕危，為此發(fā)起一場廣告宣傳活動，介紹去年公布的試點項目?！?1題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如今，它正在發(fā)起一場廣告宣傳活動，向游客介紹去年宣布的一項試點項目。A.advertising廣告，宣傳；B.recycling回收利用；C.welcoming歡迎；D.marketing市場營銷。根據(jù)后文“toinformvisitorsofapilotprogram”可知，這是發(fā)起廣告宣傳活動告知游客相關(guān)項目。故選A項?！?2題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：前往水上城市威尼斯的一日游游客，如果未能支付5歐元進入該市的歷史中心，將面臨至少10倍于入場費的罰款。A.decorate裝飾；B.enter進入；C.evaluate評估；D.promote促進。根據(jù)后文“thecity’shistoriccenter”以及“theentrancefee”可知，這里指進入歷史中心需要付費。故選B項?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：參考上一題解析。A.compensations補償；B.rewards獎勵；C.pays工資；D.fines罰款。根據(jù)后文“startingat10timestheentrancefee”以及“fines”多次出現(xiàn)可知，這里說的是未付費進入會面臨罰款。故選D項?！?4題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：官員們避免稱其為稅收，而是選擇了“貢獻”等更溫和的措辭，因為它的目的還在于籌集更多資金，以幫助更好地應(yīng)對這一現(xiàn)象。A.harder更難的，更嚴厲的；B.softer更柔和的，更溫和的；C.plainer更清楚的；D.smarter更聰明的。根據(jù)前文“avoidedcallingitatax”可知，這里指選用更溫和的說法來描述這種收費。故選B項。【25題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：參考上一題解析。A.acknowledge承認；B.interpret解釋；C.highlight強調(diào)；D.manage管理，應(yīng)對。根據(jù)前文“comeupwithmoremoneytohelpbetter”以及語境可知，這里指是籌集資金來更好地應(yīng)對游客過多這一現(xiàn)象。故選D項?！?6題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：到達主要火車站和汽車站的游客首先會遇到乘務(wù)員，他們會提醒游客新的要求，并幫助任何尚未下載二維碼的人。A.trace追蹤；B.monitor監(jiān)控；C.help幫助；D.identify識別。根據(jù)前文“remindthemofthenewrequirement”以及“anyonewhohasn’tyetdownloadedtheQRcode”可知，乘務(wù)員會提醒要求并幫助那些沒下載二維碼的人。故選C項?！?7題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：對于沒有智能手機的人，將設(shè)立支付點。A.torndown拆除；B.movedaway搬走；C.setup設(shè)立；D.takenover接管。根據(jù)前文“Paymentplaces”以及后文“foranyonewithoutasmartphone”可知，這里指為沒智能手機的人設(shè)立支付點。故選C項?！?8題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：任何在沒有所需文件的情況下被發(fā)現(xiàn)在指定管控區(qū)域之外的人都將被處以罰款。A.found發(fā)現(xiàn)；B.left離開；C.thought認為；D.sent發(fā)送。根據(jù)前文“beyonddesignated(指定的)controlplaceswithouttherequireddocumentation”可知，被發(fā)現(xiàn)在指定管控區(qū)域之外的人會被罰款。故選A項。【29題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：參考上一題解析。A.subject服從的；B.forced被迫的；C.ready準備好的；D.applied應(yīng)用的。根據(jù)后文“tofines”以及語境可知，這里指不遵守規(guī)則的人將受到懲罰，即罰款，而besubjectto表示“受到……”，符合語境。故選A項?！?0題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：罰款金額從50歐元到300歐元不等，外加法律允許的最高入場費10歐元。A.distinguish區(qū)分；B.arise出現(xiàn)；C.range（在一定范圍內(nèi)）變化，變動；D.suffer遭受。根據(jù)后文“from50to300euros”可知，這里指罰款金額從50歐元到300歐元不等，rangefrom...to...表示“從……到……變化”，符合語境。故選C項?！?1題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：獲得豁免憑證將發(fā)放給因工作、上學(xué)或就醫(yī)進入該市的人，以及出生在威尼斯及該地區(qū)的居民。A.made制作；B.issued發(fā)行，發(fā)放；C.printed印刷；D.collected收集。根據(jù)前文“Anexemptionvoucher(免除憑證)”可知。這里指發(fā)放豁免憑證給一些特定人群。故選B項。【32題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：參考上一題解析。A.students學(xué)生；B.workers工人；C.stewards乘務(wù)員；D.residents居民。根據(jù)前文“borninVeniceand”可知，這里指出生在威尼斯及該地區(qū)的居民，與前文“forpeoplewhoaccessthecityforwork,schoolormedicalcare”為并列關(guān)系。故選D項?！?3題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：市長路易吉?布魯尼亞羅希望該項目能在高峰日減少人群，鼓勵游客延長逗留時間，并提高居民的生活質(zhì)量。A.clear清晰的；B.peak高峰的；C.gloomy陰暗的；D.ordinary普通的。根據(jù)前文“reducecrowds”可知。這里指在游客高峰日減少人群。故選B項?！?4題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這段廣告視頻以布魯尼亞羅借助人工智能說著多種語言為特色，已經(jīng)大受歡迎。A.featuring以……為特色；B.catching抓??；C.anticipating預(yù)期；D.opposing反對。根據(jù)后文“Brugnarospeakingavarietyoflanguagesaidedbyartificialintelligence”可知，這里指該廣告視頻以以上相關(guān)內(nèi)容為特色。故選A項。【35題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：參考上一題解析。A.strike罷工；B.kick踢；C.hit很受歡迎的人（或事物）；D.beat節(jié)拍。根據(jù)前文“hasbecome”以及語境可知，這里指該視頻變得很受歡迎，成為熱門。故選C項。第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。AnrebelliousChineseboywhobattlesdragonsandchallengesdestinyhasmadehiswaytoWesterncinemascreensaftersmashingboxofficerecordsinChina.Itdwarfsthepreviousrecordheldby“StarWars:TheForceAwakens,”which____36____(net)$936millionintheUnitedStatesandCanadain2015.TheChineseproductionisthefirstnon-Hollywoodfilm____37____(break)intotheall-timeglobaltop10ofhighest-grossingfilms.“NeZha2,”ananimatedblockbusterbased____38____(loose)onChinesemythology,isafollow-upto____39____hadbeenthehighest-grossinganimatedfilminChina.Inthe2019____40____(origin),NeZha,borna