必修二Unit5語法—過去分詞作表語和狀語過去分詞的構成:規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞是在動詞詞尾加-ed,不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞有不規(guī)則的變化,如know→known,keep→kept,fall→fallen等,這些不規(guī)則變化需要單獨記憶。過去分詞作表語（表語：是句子中用來描述或說明主語的身份、性質、狀態(tài)或特征的成分，通常與系動詞一起構成主系表結構。表語屬于句子的謂語部分，但本身并不是動詞，而是對主語的補充說明。）過去分詞作表語的用法。當“人”作主語時,用過去分詞作表語,表示主語的“狀態(tài)或思想感情”等。例如:Whenweheardofthismatter,weweredeeplymoved.

當聽說這件事時,我們被深深地感動了。Heseemedquitedelightedattheidea.聽到這個想法,他似乎很高興。過去分詞作表語不要與被動語態(tài)混為一體。過去分詞作表語表示主語的“狀態(tài)”,而被動語態(tài)則表示被動的“動作”。例如:Myglassesarebroken.我的眼鏡碎了。(狀態(tài))Myglasseswerebrokenbymyson.我的眼鏡被我兒子摔碎了。(動作)Iwasgreatlysurprisedbyaknockatthedoor.敲門聲使我大為吃驚。(狀態(tài))Ontheearth,70%ofthesurfaceiscoveredwithwater.

地球表面70%被水覆蓋。(動作)現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別。（現(xiàn)在分詞：是動詞的一種非謂語形式，由動詞原形+-ing構成，表示主動、進行的動作。也用于進行時態(tài)。過去分詞：是動詞的一種非謂語形式，規(guī)則動詞由動詞原形+-ed構成，表被動、完成的動作。也用于完成時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。）現(xiàn)在分詞作表語,表示的動作與句子的主語之間構成邏輯上的主謂關系;而過去分詞作表語,其表示的動作與句子的主語之間構成邏輯上的動賓關系。有此用法的常見詞:exciting,excited;interesting,interested;disappointing,disappointed;shocking,shocked;astonishing,astonished;surprising,surprised;satisfying,satisfied;confusing,confused;puzzling,puzzled;boring,bored;tiring,tired;frightening,frightened;amazing,amazed等。例如:Thenewswasexcitingandwewereallexcited.這個消息令人興奮,我們都很激動。Weweresurprisedatthesurprisingresult.我們對這個驚人的結果感到驚訝。過去分詞(短語)作狀語。（狀語是句子中修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子的成分，用于說明動作發(fā)生的時間、地點、原因、方式、程度、目的、條件等。注意狀語不是句子的主干部分。）過去分詞(短語)作狀語可以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等,它的邏輯主語通常就是句子的主語,過去分詞與主語之間是邏輯上的動賓關系。作時間狀語。例如:Whencompleted,thecanalwillconnecttheriverwiththelake.

運河建成以后,它將把江和湖連接起來。作原因狀語。例如:Lostindeepthought,Ididn'tnoticewhatwashappeningoutside.(Lostindeepthought=BecauseIwaslostindeepthought)由于陷入沉思,我沒注意到外面正在發(fā)生什么事情。作條件狀語。例如:Givenanotherhour,Icanalsoworkoutthisproblem.(Givenanotherhour=IfIamgivenanotherhour)如果再給我一個小時,我也能把這道題算出來。作讓步狀語。例如:Beatenbytheoppositeteam,wedidn'tloseheartandencouragedeachother.(Beatenbytheoppositeteam=Thoughwewerebeatenbytheoppositeteam)雖然被對方的隊打敗了,但我們并沒有灰心,而是相互鼓勵。作方式或伴隨狀語。如:Theoldmangotonthebus,supportedbyagirl.(supportedbyagirl作方式狀語)在一位姑娘的攙扶下,老人上了公共汽車。現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作狀語的區(qū)別。過去分詞與句子的主語之間存在邏輯上的動賓關系,即表被動;現(xiàn)在分詞與句子的主語之間存在邏輯上的主謂關系,即表主動。例如:Askedwhyhewaslate,hecried.被問到為什么遲到時,他哭了。Lookingoutofthewindow,Isawsomestudentsplayingthere.朝窗外望去,我看見一些學生在那邊玩耍。注意：(1)過去分詞(短語)作狀語時,其前面可以帶有相應的連詞,如when,though,although,asif,asthough,if,unless,until,once等,表時間、讓步、條件、方式等。例如:Ifinvited,Iwillattendmyfriend'swedding.如果受到邀請,我會參加我朋友的婚禮過去分詞(短語)作狀語時,分詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語要一致。例如:Ifcaught,thethiefwillbepunishedbythepolice.如果被抓,小偷會受到警方的處罰。有些過去分詞已形容詞化,作狀語時表示人的狀態(tài)。常見的有:satisfied,surprised,interested,moved,worried,pleased,disappointed等。例如:Disappointedattheexaminationresults,thegirlstoodtherewithoutsayingaword.

因為對考試結果很失望,這個女孩站在那兒一句話也沒說。練習一、單項選擇1.Theaudienceweredeeply______bythemovingperformancelastnight.A.movedB.movingC.tomoveD.move2.______intheaccident,thedriverwassenttohospitalimmediately.A.InjuredB.InjuringC.ToinjureD.Havinginjured3.Thewindowwasfound______whenwearrivedhome.A.breakingB.brokenC.tobreakD.break4.______bywhathehadseen,theboycouldn'tsleepallnight.A.TroubledB.TroublingC.TotroubleD.Havingtroubled5.Theproject,______aheadofschedule,washighlypraisedbythemanager.A.completingB.completedC.tocompleteD.beingcompleted6.______inhisresearch,thescientistdidn'tnoticethetimepassingby.A.AbsorbedB.AbsorbingC.ToabsorbD.Havingabsorbed7.Thechildrenlooked______afterplayinginthesnowforhours.A.exhaustingB.exhaustedC.toexhaustD.exhaust8.______fromthetopofthemountain,thewholecitylooksmagnificent.A.SeenB.SeeingC.ToseeD.Havingseen9.Thenewswasso______thateveryoneintheroomfellsilent.A.shockedB.shockingC.toshockD.shock10.______withcare,thefragilepackagearrivedsafely.A.HandlingB.HandledC.HandledD.Tohandle11.Thestudentsseemed______abouttheupcomingexam.A.worryingB.worriedC.toworryD.worry12.______bythesuddennoise,thebabystartedcrying.A.FrightenedB.FrighteningC.TofrightenD.Havingfrightened13.Theinstructionswereclearly______onthelabel.A.printingB.printedC.toprintD.print14.______intheearthquake,manybuildingsneededtoberebuilt.A.DamagingB.DamagedC.TodamageD.Havingdamaged15.Theathleteappeared______aftertheintensetrainingsession.A.tiringB.tiredC.totireD.tire二、用所給動詞的適當形式填空（過去分詞作表語或狀語）1.Thedoorremained______(lock)allday.2.______(give)moretime,Icouldhavedonebetter.3.Shefelt______(disappoint)whensheheardthenews.4.______(compare)withyours,myhandwritingisterrible.5.Thevasewasfound______(break)intopieces.6.______(surround)byhighmountains,thevillageishardtoreach.7.Thechildrengot______(excite)abouttheschooltrip.8.______(prepare)inadvance,thespeechwentsmoothly.9.Thepatientlooked______(relieve)afterthetreatment.10.______(warn)aboutthedanger,theydecidedtocancelthetrip.11.Theroomappeared______(clean)butactuallywasquitedirty.12.______(equip)withmodernfacilities,thehospitalprovidesexcellentservice.13.Theaudiencegrew______(bore)duringthelonglecture.14.______(tell)thetruth,Ididn'tenjoythemovieatall.15.Thesouptasted______(salt)becausetoomuchsaltwasadded.三、改錯題（每句有一處錯誤，找出并改正）1.Themoviewasveryinterestedandweallenjoyedit.2.Seeingfromthewindow,thegardenlooksbeautiful.3.Theteacherseemedsatisfyingwithourperformance.4.Borninapoorfamily,hischildhoodwasverydifficult.5.Theglasswasbreakingwhenitfellonthefloor.6.Theproblemappearedsolvedatyesterday'smeeting.7.Givenenoughtime,thetaskcanbecompletingsuccessfully.8.Thetravelersfelttiringafterthelongjourney.9.ThebookwaswritinginsimpleEnglishforbeginners.10.Heardthenews,sheburstintotears.四、句子改寫（用過去分詞短語改寫句子）1.Becausehewasencouragedbyhisteacher,heworkedharder.2.Whenitisseenfromspace,theearthlooksblue.3.AsIwasexhaustedafterwork,Iwentstraighttobed.4.Becausetheyweresurprisedbythenoise,theystoppedtalking.5.Afterthevasewasbrokenbythecat,itcouldn'tberepaired.6.Becauseshewaseducatedabroad,shespeaksexcellentEnglish.7.WhenthenovelistranslatedintoEnglish,itbecomesverypopular.8.Astheroadwasblockedbysnow,wehadtoturnback.9.BecauseIwasconfusedbytheinstructions,Iaskedforhelp.10.Whenthemuseumisviewedatnight,itlooksespeciallybeautiful.五、翻譯句子（使用過去分詞作表語或狀語）1.由于受到污染，這條河里的魚都死了。2.從山頂看，整個城市盡收眼底。3.聽到這個消息，他顯得很驚訝。4.如果給予更多關注，這個問題本可以避免。5.由于被大雨淋濕，他感冒了。6.與其他學生相比，他的進步很快。7.這個謎題看似簡單，實則復雜。8.由于準備充分，她對考試很有信心。9.這些蘋果嘗起來有點酸。10.由于被困在電梯里兩小時，他們錯過了會議。參考答案一、單項選擇1-5:AABAB6-10:ABABC11-15:BABBB二、用所給動詞的適當形式填空1.locked2.Given3.disappointed4.Compared5.broken6.Surrounded7.excited8.Prepared9.relieved10.Warned11.cleaned12.Equipped13.bored14.Told15.salted三、改錯題1.interested→interesting2.Seeing→Seen3.satisfying→satisfied4.Born→Beingborn(或改為:Borninapoorfamily,hehadaverydifficultchildhood.)5.breaking→broken6.appearedsolved→appearedtobesolved7.completing→completed8.tiring→tired9.writing→written10.Heard→Hearing四、句子改寫1.Encouragedbyhisteacher,heworkedharder.2.Seenfromspace,theearthlooksblue.3.Exhaustedafterwork,Iwentstraighttobed.4.Surprisedbythenoise,theystoppedtalking.5.Brokenby