Developingideas——reading

Unit5IntotheunknownLearningobjectives1.Toknowthehistoryofseaexploration,discoveriesbyreadingthepassage;2.Tousethekeylanguagepointsfromthepassagecorrectly.1.Whatdifferentzonesarethereintheocean?2.Whichpartsoftheoceandoyouthinkhavebeenexplored?3.Whatdoyouknowaboutthedeepestpartoftheocean?Workingroups.Lookatthepictureandanswerthequestions.Dofurtherresearchifnecessary.Pre-reading1.Whatdifferentzonesarethereintheocean?2.Whichpartsoftheoceandoyouthinkhavebeenexplored?ThedifferentzonesintheoceanareSunlightZone,TwilightZone,MidnightZoneandAbyssalZone.（深海區(qū)）.SunlightZone,TwilightZone.3.Whatdoyouknowaboutthedeepestpartoftheocean?ThedeepestpartoftheoceanisAbyssalZone.Itisanareawherethewaterdepthisabout2,000–5,000metres.Thetrenchcanbeloweredto6,000metres.Theseverydeepareasaresometimescalled“Super-abyssalzones”.

Actuallyitisthelargestecologicalregiononearth.Morethan500yearsafteritwaslostinastorm,theEsmeraldawasdiscoveredoffthecoastofOman.TheshipisbelievedtobepartofavoyageledbyPortugueseexplorer,VascodaGamaduringhissecondvoyagetoIndia(1502–1503).AlthoughtheEsmeraldawasfirstlocatedin1998,itwasexploredbymarinearchaeologistsbetween2013and2015.Researchersusedadvancedtechnologytoexaminesomeoftheobjectsontheship.Forexample,CTscanningwasusedtoidentifytwosilvercoinsandabell.BackgroundInformation

阿曼（西南亞國(guó)家）葡萄牙達(dá)·伽馬海洋考古學(xué)家TheJiaolong,China’smanneddeep-seavessel,isnamedafteramythicalChineseseadragon.Atroughly8.2metreslong,3metreswideand3.4metreshigh,itweighsalmost22metrictons.In2012,itsettherecordforthedeepestdiveafterreachingadepthof7,062metresinthePacificOcean’sMarianaTrench.Thousandsofmetresbeneaththewaves,itscrewtookincrediblephotosandvideosandcollectedimportantsamplesfromtheoceanfloorforresearchinoceanography.大船；輪船神話里的馬里亞納海溝海洋學(xué)TheShenhaiYongshi,orDeepSeaWarrior,isChina’sdeep-seasubmersible,whichcanreachadepthof4,500metres.Thesubmersibletook8yearsandinvolvedover90Chineseorganisationsandcompanies,withallofitscorepartsbeingmadeinChina.TheShenhaiYongshihassincebeenusedtocompletedeep-seadivingmissionsinordertocollectexactdataonnaturalgassources.潛水器Readthepassageandfindoutwhathasbeendiscoveredintheoceandepths.ShipwreckssuchasthatoftheEsmeralda,ruinsofancientcitieslikeNeapolis,extraordinarydeep-seacreaturessuchasbone-whitecoralandthebarreleye,andthesubstanceknownas“fireice”havebeendiscoveredintheoceandepths.Whathasbeendiscoveredintheoceandepths?FastreadingShipwreckssuchasthatoftheEsmeralda.Whathasbeendiscoveredintheoceandepths?Evidence:Para1:AmongtheseistheEsmeralda,theearliestwreckfromtheageoftheEuropeanexplorationofAsia.RuinsofancientcitieslikeNeapolis.Evidence:Para2:OnesuchfindistheancientRomancityofNeapolis,discoveredoffthecoastofTunisia.BelievedtohavebeenburiedunderwaterbyatsunamiinthefourthcenturyAD,theruinsofNeapolisarealmost2,000yearsold.Extraordinarydeep-seacreaturessuchasbone-whitecoralandthebarreleye.Evidence:Para3:Imaginebone-whitecoral6,000metresbelowtheocean’ssurface,growingattherareofonlyoneortwomillimetresperyear.Swimmingthroughtheseblackdepthsisthebarreleye,astrangefishwitheyesthatcanlookupwardsthroughitstransparentforehead.Thesubstanceknownas“fireice”.Evidence:Para4:MostnotableoftheseisChina’sdiscoveryofanice-likesubstance,knownas“fireice”,undertheSouthChinaSea.Thinkaboutthestructureofthepassageandcompletethediagram.IntensivereadingOVERTHECENTURIES:

sailingacrossoceanstoexploreEarth’sfurthestcornersOceanexplorationMODERNAGE:exploring1___________deepsea6__________explorationContainingabout90percentof7_______________.Helpingcomprehend8_____________________________.Examples:9_______________10_____________11_________________________________________________2______________explorationFindingancientruinsin3_____________.Workingtoovercomechallengesandmakediscoveriesat4__________.Example:5__________________ArchaeologicalshallowwatersvastdepthstheruinsofNeapolisBiologicaltheplanet’sfishbone-whitecoralthecapacityforlifeonourplanetthebarreleyelifetobefoundevenaroundthedeep-seavolcanicopenings

DiscoveryofnaturalresourcesDiscoveringnewnaturalresources.Studying12__________.Identifyingareasfor13_______________.Examples:14__________15_______________________“fireice”deep-seadrillingtheseabedChina’sunderwatervessels1.Whydoyouthinktheauthorusesstatisticsinthepassage?Theuseofstatisticsmakesthepassagemoreconvincing.Think&Share2.Whatotherexamplesofoceanexplorationdoyouknowof?Shareonewiththeclass.Onepossibleanswer:①On10October,2020,Endeavoursuccessfullycompleted13divesinMarianaTrench,eightofwhichbroke10,000metres.

②Thereisagrowinginterestintheconstructionofanetworkofunderseaobservatories,whichisthemosteffectivemeansofearlywarningearthquakeandtsunami.3.Whatdoyouthinkdrivestheexplorationoftheoceans?Onepossibleanswer:Theoceansmakeup70%oftheearth’stotalarea.Largenumbersofmarineanimalsandplantsareimportantsourcesoffoodforhumanbeings.Therefore,itisveryimportantforustounderstandtheworld’soceans.Inadditiontoconcernsaboutmaritimesecurityandeconomicinterests,explorationoftheseabedwillsatisfyhuman’scuriosityandthirstfortheunknownknowledge.4.Whatcommonmessagedothetworeadingpassagesinthisunitconvey?Howdotheyeachbuilduponthisidea?Bothpassagesconveythemessagethathumanshavethedesireandmeanstoexploretheunknown.Thefirstpassagedoesthisbylookingatourfascinationwithhistory’sgreatestmysteries,whilethesecondpassagelooksatpioneeringexplorationofEarth’soceans.LearningtolearnAsyouread,noticethediscoursemarkersusedinthetext,eginaddition,also,however,furthermore,aswellas.Thesemarkersfunctionlikeroadsigns,helpingyouconnectideasandunderstandthewriter’sattitudeandopinions.話語(yǔ)標(biāo)記語(yǔ)Workingroups.Giveatalkabouttheinfluencesofoceanexplorationonyourdailylife.Post-reading1.Lookatthediagrambelowandbrainstormexamplesofhowoceanexplorationaffectsyourdailylife.2.Organiseyourtalkbycompletingthediagramwithyourexamples.InfluencesofoceanexplorationCulturalexchangeFoodandnaturalresourcesTradeandeconomyTransportandtravelEnvironmentandconservation3.Giveyourtalktotheclass.Nowthinkabouthowwellyoucontributedtothegroupworkandwhatyoucoulddotoimprove.1.equivalent

adj.相等的，相同的Eightkilometresisroughlyequivalenttofivemiles.

八公里約等于五英里。250gramsoranequivalent

amountinounces.

250克或與之等量的盎司equivalent

n.相等的東西；等量；對(duì)應(yīng)詞Breathingsuchpollutedairistheequivalentof

(=hasthesameeffectas)

smokingtencigarettesaday.

呼吸污染這么嚴(yán)重的空氣等于每天抽十支煙。Languagepointstostackboxes

把箱子摞起來(lái)2.stack

v.（使）放成整齊的一疊（或一摞、一堆）logsstackedupagainstawall

靠墻碼放著的木頭stackn.一疊，一摞，一堆Theywerebusystackingtheshelveswith

goods.

他們正忙著擺貨物上架呢。astackofbooks

一摞書I’vegotstacksofworktodo.

我有一大堆活兒要做。a

notablesuccess/achievement/example

顯著的成功/成就；明顯的事例3.notable

adj.值得注意的；顯著的；重要的Hiseyesarehismost

notablefeature.

他的雙眼是他最明顯的特征。Thetownisnotableforitsancientharbour.

這座小鎮(zhèn)因其古老的港口而出名。Withafewnotableexceptions,everyonegavesomething.人人都給了些東西，只有幾個(gè)人例外，很是顯眼。a

chemical/radioactive,etc.substance

化學(xué)、放射性等物質(zhì)4.substance

n.①物質(zhì)；物品；東西banned/illegalsubstances(=drugs)禁用/非法物品②事實(shí)基礎(chǔ)；根據(jù)Itwasmaliciousgossip,completely

withoutsubstance.

這是惡意造謠，完全沒(méi)有事實(shí)根據(jù)。Thecommission’sreport

givessubstanceto

theseallegations.

委員會(huì)的報(bào)告為這些說(shuō)法提供了事實(shí)根據(jù)。1.setsail___________________2.leadto___________________3.aswith___________________4.offthecoastof___________________5.attherateof___________________起航；揚(yáng)帆導(dǎo)致；通向正如；與……一樣按……的速度離……海岸不遠(yuǎn)的地方6.beequivalentto___________________7.atdepthsof___________________8.holdtherecord___________________9.beyondthereachof____________________10.finalfrontier____________________保持紀(jì)錄超出……能力之等（同）于；相等最后（被探索）的疆域在……的深度1.Lyingunderwatersacrosstheglobeareanestimatedthreemillionshipwrecks.Paraphrase:Itisbelievedthataroundthreemillionshipwrecksarelyingunderwatersacrosstheglobe.本句為倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，句中的Lyingunderwatersacrosstheglobe放在句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。課文中還有類似的句子。例如：Para11)AmongtheseistheEsmeralda,theearliestwreckfromtheageoftheEuropeanexplorationofAsia.Para32)Swimmingthroughtheseblackdepthsisthebarreleye,astrangefishwitheyesthatcanlookupwardsthroughitstransparentforehead.2.Given

ourlimitedknowledge,itisperhapsnosurprisethatexplorationoftheoceanscontinuestoleadtodiscoveriesinvariousscientificfields.Paraphrase:Ourknowledgeoftheoceansislimited,soitisperhapsnotsurprisingthatexplorationofthemcontinuestoleadtodiscoveriesinvariousscientificfields.本句中的Given表示“考慮到”的意思。例如：Givenhisage

(=Consideringhowoldheis),

he’sremarkablyactive.

考慮到他的年齡，他已是相當(dāng)活躍的了。Usually,

I

amsensible

with

money,as

I

havetobe,

giventhat

I

don’tearnthat

much.

我花錢通常是很明智的。考慮到自己掙得不多，必須這樣做。Givenherinterestinchildren,teachingseemstherightjobforher.

考慮到她喜歡孩子，教書看來(lái)是很適合她的工作。2.Given

ourlimitedknowledge,itisperhapsnosurprisethatexplorationoftheoceanscontinuestoleadtodiscoveriesinvariousscientificfields.It

isdifficultforsuchalittlechildtofinishthetaskalone.it為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為thatexplorationoftheoceanscontinuestoleadtodiscoveriesinvariousscientificfields。為了避免句子頭重腳輕，故用it作形式主語(yǔ)，這種用法在英語(yǔ)中很常見(jiàn)。例如：It

isnotclearwhetherhewillcomeornot.Paraphrase:Extraordinarycreaturesthatlookasthoughtheyaresomethingdirectlyoutofsciencefictionliveinthesewaterswithadepthofmorethan200metres,whicharesodeepthatlightcannotreachthem.3.Inthesewaters,morethan200metresdeep,wherelightcannotreach,areextraordinarycreaturesthatappearasiftheyarestraightoutofsciencefiction.本句為一個(gè)復(fù)合句，其中包含了兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，分別是：非限制性定語(yǔ)從句wherelightcannotreach，修飾先行詞waters；限制性定語(yǔ)從句thatappearasiftheyarestraightoutofsciencefiction，修飾先行詞creatures。4.TheJiaolongevenholdstherecordforthedeepestdivebyamannedsubmarine,at7,062metres,givingChinaitsplacealongsidetheworld’stopoceanexplorers.Paraphrase:TheJiao