PAGEPAGE1Unit2Poems[話題單詞]1．romanticadj. 浪漫的2．modernadj. 現(xiàn)代的3．a(chǎn)ncientadj. 古代的4．rhymen． 押韻5．commonadj. 常見的6．intonationn． 語調(diào)7．repetitionn． 重復(fù)8．rhythmn． 節(jié)奏9．sorrown． 哀痛；哀思；后悔10．sadnessn． 哀痛；難受11．happinessn． 興奮12．a(chǎn)stonishmentn． 驚訝13．depressionn． 抑郁；懊喪14．satisfactionn． 滿意15．pleasuren． 開心[話題短語]1．inafreeform以自由體的形式2．nurseryrhyme童謠3．expressfeelings/emotions表達感情4．conveyinformation傳達信息5．giveadeepimpressiononsb.給……留下深刻的印象6．translateinto翻譯成7．bepopularwith受……歡迎8．haveadesiretodo希望做9．long/hope/wish/wanttodo渴望/希望/想做10．a(chǎn)ttitudetowardslife人生看法[話題佳句]1．Ifwintercomes，canspringbefarbehind?冬天來了，春天還會遠嗎？2．Ayoungidler，anoldbeggar.少壯不努力，老大徒傷悲。3．Theworldisbutalittleplace，afterall.海內(nèi)存知己，天際若比鄰。4．Poems，conveyingcertainemotions，canvividlytransformrealityintoliterature，throughwhichwecanexchangeourfeelingswithfriends，andtakealoadoffourmind.詩歌傳達某種情感，能形象地把現(xiàn)實轉(zhuǎn)換成文學(xué)。通過詩歌，我們可以和摯友們溝通感情，卸下心中的包袱。[佳作背誦]Wendy是你的美國筆友，特別喜愛中國文化，故給你(張偉)寫信想了解唐詩。請你依據(jù)下列要點提示給她寫一封回信，對唐詩加以介紹：1．形式多樣：有古體詩和近體詩。就字數(shù)來看基本上有五言和七言兩種。2．題材廣泛：反映社會狀況，描繪風(fēng)景等。3．聞名詩人：……DearWendy，I'msogladtoreceiveyourletter.AnditisreallyacoincidencethatyouaskedmeabouttheTangpoems，andIjusthavelearntsomethingaboutthem.TheTangpoemsarevariousinformsandsubjects.Generallyspeaking，theycanbedividedintotwogroups—classicalpoemsandmodernpoems.Notonlythelengthofalinebutalsothelengthofapoemislimitedtoacertainnumberofwords.Thereareoftenfouroreightortwelvelineswithfiveorsevenwordsineachline.Poetswrotepoemsfordifferentpurposes，forexample，exposingthedarknessofthesocietyanddescribingthebeautifulscenes.ThereweremanyfamouspoetsduringtheTangDynasty，suchasLiBai，DuFuandBaiJuyi.Ifyouwanttoreadmore，thebook300TangPoemsisagoodchoice，whichincludespoemsofmanywell－knownpoets.Afterreadingthem，youwillhaveabetterunderstandingoftheTangpoems.Yourssincerely，ZhangWei識記·思索·運用1．核心單詞①branchn．分支；部門②sorrown．哀痛；哀思③conveyvt.傳達；運輸④concreteadj.詳細的；有形的；混凝土的⑤patternn．模式；式樣；圖案⑥pianistn．鋼琴家；鋼琴演奏者⑦teasevi.&vt.取笑；招惹；戲弄⑧flexibleadj.敏捷的；可彎曲的；柔順的⑨warmadj.暖和的→warmthn．溫煦；暖和⑩saltyadj.含鹽的；咸的→saltn．鹽，食鹽?endvi.&n．結(jié)束；終點→endlessadj.無窮的；無止境的?libraryn．圖書館→librariann．圖書館管理員?darknessn．黑暗；漆黑→darkadj.黑暗的?sorrown．哀痛；哀思；后悔→sorrowfuladj.哀痛的；哀思的?changen．&v．變更；變更exchangen．&vt.交換；互換?translatevi.&vt.翻譯→translationn．翻譯→translatorn．翻譯員?sponsorn．贊助人；主辦者；倡議者→sponsorvt.發(fā)起；舉辦；倡議2．閱讀單詞①recitev.背誦②foreveradv.恒久③rhymen.押韻④nurseryn．托兒所⑤briden．新娘⑥bridegroomn．新郎⑦violinistn．提琴家，提琴手⑧diploman．畢業(yè)文憑；學(xué)位證書⑨cottagen．村舍；小屋⑩diamondn．鉆石；菱形?sectionn．部分；節(jié)；切下的塊?blankn．空格，空白(處)；adj.空的；茫然無表情的?minimumadj.最低限度；最少量；最小數(shù)?bareadj.赤裸的；光禿的；稀有的n．最基本的要素?eventuallyadv.最終；最終→eventualadj.最終的；最終的?appropriateadj.適當(dāng)?shù)?；正值的→appropriatelyadv.適當(dāng)?shù)?；相稱地?scholarshipn．獎學(xué)金；學(xué)問→scholarn．學(xué)者，文人?championn．冠軍→championshipn．冠軍稱號?transformvi.&vt.轉(zhuǎn)化；改造；變換→transformationn．轉(zhuǎn)化；轉(zhuǎn)換；變換?contradictoryadj.引起沖突的→contradictvt.反對，與……相沖突→conflictn．&v.沖突用上面所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1．YouareboundtoimproveyourEnglishifyoulearnusefulsentencepatterns(pattern)．2．Hetriednottobeinvolvinghimselfinthisendless(end)argument.3．Itgavehimafeelingofwarmth(warm)andmadehimfeelthattheywerehomeatlast.4．Eventually(eventual)yourchildwillleavehometoleadherownlifeasafullyindependentadult.5．WhenIwasyoung，mybrothersusedtotease(tease)meallthetime.6．Thesupermarkethasmorethan20branches(branch)allovertheworld.7．Theyaredeterminedtotransform(transform)themountainousareasinfiveyears.8．Theyexchanged(exchange)presentswithoneanotherandhadpicturestaken.9．Helayinthedarkness(dark)，pretendingtosleep.10．MrBlackisoneofthesponsors(sponsor)oftheenvironmentalprotectionorganization.1．外貌描述百寶箱appearance，dark，long－h(huán)aired，pale，round－face，attractive，cute，elegant，good－looking，handsome，neat，plain，pure，pretty，shabby，smart，ugly，well－dressed，etc.2．表示人“品質(zhì)”的形容詞薈萃①elegant 高雅的②mature 成熟的③sensible 明智的④shallow 膚淺的⑤modest 虛心的⑥noble 名貴的⑦generous 慷慨大方的⑧determined 堅毅的3．“天才”相關(guān)詞聚焦①talentn． 天才；才能②talentedadj. 有才能的③giftn． 天才；才能④giftedadj. 有天賦的⑤geniusn． 天才；天賦4．以“－th”為后綴的高頻詞速記①depthn．深度；縱深；濃度；深邃②growthn．成長；發(fā)育；增長；發(fā)展③widthn．寬度④lengthn．長度；(時間的)長短；一段時間⑤strengthn．力氣；力氣；強項⑥warmthn．暖和；熱情；熱忱⑦wealthn．財寶⑧healthn．健康5．“看”遍天下①glancev．(粗略地)看一下；掃視；一瞥②glarev．瞪眼；怒目而視③spotv．發(fā)覺；認出④watchv．看；凝視⑤witnessv．目擊n．目擊者⑥starevt.&vi.凝視；盯著看⑦glimpsev．瞥見；看一眼⑧observev．視察；留意到識記·思索·運用1．動詞＋介詞①tryout測試；試驗②letout發(fā)出；放走；泄露③stayup熬夜④holdon堅持；忍受2．介詞＋名詞①inparticular尤其；特殊②bychance偶然；碰巧3．其他形式①takeiteasy輕松；不驚慌；從容②runoutof用完；用光③bemadeupof由……構(gòu)成④bepopularwith受到歡迎⑤makesense有意義；講得通用左欄所給短語的適當(dāng)形式填空1．Hehastostayuplatetopreparefortheimportantexamination.2．Thispassagejustdidn'tmakesensetome，nomatterhowIreadit.3．Societyismadeupofpeopleofwidelydifferingabilities.4．Scientiststriedoutthousandsofchemicalsbeforetheyfoundtherightone.5．Isthereanythinginparticularyou'dlikefordinner?6．IhavebeenworkingsohardforseveralweeksthatIdecidetotakeiteasyforafewdays.1．“動詞＋out”必備短語一覽①findout找出②figureout算出，解決③makeout弄清④comeout出版，出現(xiàn)⑤carryout完成⑥bringout發(fā)表，說出2．“動詞＋on”必備短語薈萃①holdon別掛斷；接著②turnon打開③keepon接著④rely/dependon依靠⑤bringon引起⑥figureon準備，希望⑦geton進步，友好相處⑧insiston堅持⑨liveon以……為生⑩passon傳授，傳遞在解讀中學(xué)懂，在仿寫中學(xué)通背原句學(xué)句型練仿寫1.Therearevariousreasonswhypeoplewritepoetry.人們寫詩有各種各樣的緣由。why引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾先行詞reasons。那就是他昨天沒有參與我的生日聚會的緣由。Thatisthereasonwhyhedidn'tcometomybirthdaypartyyesterday.2.Shouldthetravellerreturn，thisstonewouldutterspeech.行人歸來石應(yīng)語。虛擬語氣中省略if的倒裝句式。我真想知道假如李白有一天讀了這首詩，他會作何評價。IreallywondershouldLiBaireadthispoemsomeday，whathewouldremark.3.Withsomanydifferentformsofpoetrytochoosefrom，studentsmayeventuallywanttowritepoemsoftheirown.有了這么多可供選擇的詩歌類型，學(xué)生們最終或許想寫自己的詩了。“With...tochoosefrom”屬于“with＋賓語＋賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)。有一個重要的會議要參與，我不能在家照看生病的母親。Withanimportantmeetingtoattend，Ican'ttakecareofmysickmotherathome.3500詞匯語境篇——先練后背，事半功倍ARussianPoemSincechildhood，Antonhadoftenrecitedpoems,1.accompanied(accompany)bypianistsandviolinists，atweddingceremoniesbeforebrides2.andbridegroomsexchangedrings.3.Gradually(gradually)，hefoundwritingpoemsthemostappropriateway4.toconvey/ofconveying(convey)hisjoyandsorrow.5WhenhispoemContradictoryBlankwonhimanationalchampionshipand6.ascholarshiptotheMoscowUniversityfromasponsor，hewasjustan7.unknown(know)librarian.Aftergettinghisdiploma，hedevotedhislife8.towritingpoems.9.Using(use)concretebutflexiblelanguageandtheminimumofwordsishisstyle.Hetriedoutdifferentpatternsandpreferrednurseryrhymein10.particular(particularly)．Thefollowingisatranslationofoneofhisworksmadeupofthreesections：Littlesparrowwithheavyload.Runoutofenergyandverycold.Nocompassandallsweatsalty.Canyougothroughtheendlessdarkness?Littleballoonletoutbythethread.Flewovercottagesandwasveryglad.Withwarmthtransformedfromsunlight.Hesaidhecouldforeverfly.Takeiteasy，littleballoon.Don'tteasethesparrowwithwound.Onthebarebranchandhavearest.Thisdiamondheartwilleventuallygetsuccess.Notes：mosquito/m?'ski?t??/n．蚊子Moscow/'m?sk??/n.莫斯科Russian/'r??(?)n/adj.俄國人的，俄語的n.俄國人，俄語accompany/?'k?mp?n?/v.陪伴，陪伴，與……同時發(fā)生conveyvt.傳達；表達；運輸(教材原句)Otherstrytoconveycertainemotions.而有些詩則是為了傳達某種感情。conveysth.tosb.向某人表達/傳遞某事物conveysb./sth.from...to...把某人或某物從……運輸?shù)健璫onveyone'sappreciation/thankstosb.forsth.因某事向某人表示感謝conveyone'sfeelings/sorrow/messages/bestwishes表達某人的感情/難受/信息/最好的祝福(1)Thisisapoemthatperfectlyconveystothereaderswhatthepoetfeels.這是一首向讀者充分地表達出詩人思想感情的詩。(2)單句語法填空①Pleaseconveymybestwishestoher.②Ifindithardtoconveymyfeelingsinwords.③Oureveryemotionandmoodcanbeconveyed(convey)withtheuseoffacialexpressionsandbodylanguage.transformvi.&vt.轉(zhuǎn)化；轉(zhuǎn)換；改造；變換(教材原句)Neverlookingback，Transformedintostone.化為石，不回頭。拓展詞：transformationn．改革；轉(zhuǎn)變；變更(1)o...使……變成……betransformedfrom...to...由……變成……；由……遷到……transformone'slife變更某人的一生transformtoanewplace搬到新地方(2)makea/thetransformation轉(zhuǎn)變，變更(1)Wearelivinginatimeofsocialtransformation.我們生活在一個社會變革的時代。(2)單句語法填空①Inthepast20yearsthecountryhasbeentransformed(transform)intoanadvancedindustrialpower.②Shewastransformedfromacommon-lookingadolescentintoaprettyyoungwoman.③Havingbeentransformed(transform)intoapowerfulone，thefirmdecidedtoextendbusinesstoEurope.(3)單句語法填空eq\x(走進高考)(2024·浙江卷)Sincethen，thissocietyhasmovedonward，neverlookingback，asthecartransformedAmericafromafarm-basedsocietyintoanindustrialpower.exchangen．溝通；交換；互換vt.&vi.調(diào)換；交換(教材原句)Iftherehadnotbeenanexchangeprogramme，hewouldnothavefoundasponsortohelphimstudyabroad.假如以前沒有交換學(xué)生的項目，他就不會找到資助人贊助他出國。(1)anexchangestudent交換生makeanexchange交換inexchange(for...)作為交換(……)(2)exchangesth.forsth.以某物交換某物exchangesth.withsb.和某人互換某物exchangeexperience溝通閱歷exchangegreetings相互問候(1)Wemustpromoteanexchangeofideasandinformation.我們必需促進思想和信息的溝通。(2)單句語法填空①WherecanIexchangemydollarsforpounds?②IexchangedseatswithBill.③Youcanexchangeyourmoneyintodollarshere.(3)寫作實力提升eq\x(一句多譯)他用一個蘋果換了我一塊蛋糕。①Hegavemeanappleinexchangeforapieceofcake.(exchangen．)②Heexchangedanapplewithmeforapieceofcake.(exchangev．)loadn．負擔(dān)，負荷物(尤指沉重的)v．裝載，加重，把彈藥裝入(槍炮)(教材原句)Slowlytheoldmancarrieshisload.漸漸地老人挑起(沉重的)擔(dān)子。(1)takealoadoffone'smind卸下心上重負loadsof＝aloadof很多(2)load...with...用……裝載……o/ontosth.把……放在/裝進……beloadedwith負載……；裝滿……(3)unloadvt.&vi.(從車上)卸貨overloadvt.&n．超載upload/downloadvt.上傳/下載(1)Sheisundergreatpressurefromheavystudyloads.面對沉重的學(xué)業(yè)負擔(dān)，她壓力很大。(2)單句語法填空①Knowingthattheyhadarrivedsafelytookaloadoffmymind.②Hedidn'twanttobeloadedwithanynewimpressions.③He'sgotloadsofmoney.(3)語境活用Itisaheavyloadforthesinglewomantosupportafamilyofthree.Soshehastodoloads(load)ofthings，loading(load)andunloadingtrucksandsoon.Luckilyhertwodaughtershavefoundjobs，whichhastakenaloadoffhermind.對于一個單身女人，養(yǎng)活一個三口之家是一個沉重負擔(dān)。因此她不得不干很多事，裝卸貨車等。幸運的是她的兩個女兒已找到了工作，這使她如釋重負。takeiteasy輕松；不驚慌；從容(教材原句)Wewouldhavewon...ifwehadn'ttakeniteasy.我們原來會奪冠……，假如我們沒有放松警惕。takeone'stime別焦急；漸漸來takesth.seriously重視某事；對某事肅穆對待takeitforgrantedthat...認為……天經(jīng)地義take...forexample以……為榜樣/例take...as...把……當(dāng)作……take...for...把……誤認為……takethingseasy別驚慌，漸漸來takeone'schances碰運氣(1)Takeiteasy，andyouwillmakeit.別驚慌，你會勝利的。(2)用take相關(guān)短語的適當(dāng)形式填空①Takeyourtime—it'sjustashortdistancefromheretotherestaurant.②Don'ttakeyourhealthforgranted.③Shewasnervous，butherhusbandtoldhertotakeiteasy.(3)寫作實力提升eq\x(同義句改寫)Thedoctortoldmenottobeworried/nervousandstopworkingsohard.→Thedoctortoldmetotakethings/iteasyandstopworkingsohard.runoutof用完(教材原句)wewouldhavewon...ifwehadn'trunoutofenergy.我們原來會奪冠……，假如我們沒有精疲力竭。runacross偶然遇到runafter追逐；追求runaway逃跑；跑開runinto偶然遇見；撞上runout(某物)用完；耗盡(1)Mycarbrokedownonthewaytothebeachbecauseithadrunoutofpetrol.在去海灘的路上，我的車因為汽油耗盡而拋錨了。(2)語境活用Worseluck！First，foodanddrinkingwaterhadbeenused(use)upbeforewereachedthedestination.Then，myhusbandwasspeedingupthecarwhenitsuddenlybrokedown.Itturnedoutthatthegashadrun(run)out.Sowehadtowalkaheadalongtheroaduntilmystrengthgave(give)out.Wefinallymadeourwaytoasmallhotelbuttoourdespair，wefoundwehadrunoutofourmoney.真倒霉！首先，食物和飲用水在我們到達目的地以前已被用完。然后，我丈夫正開著車加速前進車突然熄火了。結(jié)果是汽油用完了。因此我們不得不步行直到力氣耗盡。我們最終走到一個小旅館但可怕的是，我們發(fā)覺錢已花光。[易混辨析]runoutof/runout/giveout/useuprunoutof意為“用完了”，是及物動詞短語，表示主動意義，主語一般是人。多用于完成時和進行時，一般不用于被動語態(tài)runout意為“……用完了”，是不及物動詞短語，其主語通常為時間、食物、金錢等名詞giveout意為“用完，精疲力竭”，為不及物動詞短語useup意為“用完，耗盡”，為及物動詞短語bemadeupof由……構(gòu)成；由……組成(教材原句)Anothersimpleformofpoemthatstudentscaneasilywriteisthecinquain，apoemmadeupoffivelines.另一種學(xué)生簡單寫的詩歌形式是五行詩，一首詩由5行構(gòu)成。(1)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(consistof,becomposedof))由……組成(2)makeup彌補；和解；編造；整理；化妝makeupfor補償makeupastory編故事makeupateam湊足一個球隊makeupforlosttime彌補丟失的時間(3)bemadefrom由……制成(看不出原料)bemadeof由……制成(看得出原料)bemadeinto把……做成(1)Wecameintothisfieldlate，sowemustworkhardtomakeupforthelosttime.我們著手這一領(lǐng)域較晚，因此我們必需努力工作，把失去的時間找回來。(2)寫出下列句子中黑體字的漢語意思①Leavethisnoticehangingonyourdoor，askingtheservanttomakeupyourroom.整理；鋪床②TheteacheraskedthechildrentomakeupapoemaboutChristmas.編造③Somehowthecompanyhasgottomakeupforallthetimewe'velost.彌補；償還④Whenshegoesouttovisitfriends，sheisverymuchmadeup.裝扮；化妝(3)寫作實力提升eq\x(一句多譯)我們班由60名學(xué)生組成，五分之二的是女生。①Ourclassismade(make)upof60students，ofwhomtwofifthsaregirls.②60studentsmakeupourclass，ofwhomtwofifthsaregirls.③Ourclassconsists(consist)of60students，ofwhomtwofifthsaregirls.letout發(fā)出；放出；釋放；放走；大聲(劇烈地)表達；泄露；出租(某物)(教材原句)Slowlytheblackbirdletsoutacry.漸漸地烏鴉發(fā)出叫聲。letalone更不用說letsb./sth.alone不管，不干涉；束之高閣letsb.be不干涉某人；不打攪某人letdown放下，放低；(使人)悲觀leton(tosb.)泄露(給某人)letsth.out泄露(隱私等)；讓……跑掉letin允許進入；容許；許可(1)寫出下列句子中黑體詞的含義①Throwingtheirhatsintotheair，thefansofthewinningteamletoutloudshoutsofvictory.發(fā)出②Itletssunlightinbutdoesn'tletheatout.放走③Hedidn'tletoutanythingimportant.泄露④Wecanletoutthewaistalittlebit.放大(2)用let相關(guān)短語的適當(dāng)形式填空①Theglassdoorshavetakentheplaceofthewoodenonesattheentrance，lettinginthenaturallightduringtheday.②Ihardlyhadtimetothinkthesedays，letalonerelax.③IthoughtIcouldrelyonhim，butheletmedown.Therearevariousreasonswhypeoplewritepoetry.人們寫詩的緣由是多種多樣的。本句含有先行詞為reasons的定語從句，why引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中做狀語。reason常用句式：thereasoneq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(forsth./doingsth.is/wasthat...,why/forwhich...is/wasthat...,that/which＋定語從句＋is/wasthat...))thereason后是用why或forwhich還是用that或which，取決于其在從句中所擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞?。缺少主語、賓語、表語用that或which，缺少狀語用why或forwhich。(1)Thisisprobablythenumberonereasonwhythisclassissopopular.這很可能是這門課如此受歡迎的首要緣由。(2)單句語法填空①TheonlyreasonwhyIcamewasthatIwantedtomeetyourfriends.②Thereasonforthepartyisthatit'sSue'sbirthday.③Thereasonthat/whichhegaveforbeinglatewasthatheforgottosetthealarmclock.(3)寫作實力提升eq\x(同義句改寫)Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathiscarwasheldup.→Thereasonforhisbeinglatewasthathiscarwasheldup.(4)單句語法填空eq\x(走進高考)(2024·北京卷)Thereasonwhysomeoneistriggered(觸發(fā))bysomethingandothersarenotisoftenduetoone’spersonalhistoryandpsychologicaltraits.Ⅰ.單詞拼法1．Sentencepatterns(模式)areimportantinlearningalanguage.2．Shewentfurtherintotheroom，drawnbythewarmth(暖和)ofthefire.3．Weheldafootballmatchinourgradeandourclasswonthechampionship(冠軍)．4．Theyloaded(裝載)alltheirequipmentintobackpacksandsetoutforthedestination.5．Althoughteased(取笑)aboutfatness，shestillhasconfidenceinherperformanceofdailylife.6．Yoursuggestionistoogeneral.Haveyougotanyconcrete(詳細的)proposalastowhatweshoulddo?7．TheheadofficeofthebankisinBeijing，butithasbranches(分行；分店)alloverthecountry.8．—Mr.Smithisnolongerthemanwhoheusedtobe.—Soheis.Successandwealthhavetransformed(變更)hischaracter.Ⅱ.單句改錯1．Wehadrunoutricebeforeyesterdayafternoon.out后加of2．Oneofthereasonsthathewantstogotoalocalschoolistosavemoney.that→why3．Insummer，sheusuallysleepswiththewindowsclose.close→closed4．Lifeislikeabusloadingwithpassengers，eachmantohisdestination.loading→loaded5．Ipromisetokeepitsecretandneverletitdown.down→out6．—Oh，doctor，Ihaveapaininmyleg.—Takethemeasy.Letmehavealook.them→it7．Iaminterestedinstoriesingeneral，andindetectivestoriesonparticular.on→in8．Societyismadeofavarietyofpeople；somearegood，othersbad，andstillothersinbetween.made后加upⅢ.教材與語法填空Therearevariousreasons1.whypeoplewritepoetry.Somepoemstellastoryordescribesomething2.inawaythatwillgivethereaderastrong3.impression(impress).4.Otherstrytoconveycertainemotions.Poetsusemanydifferentformsofpoemstoexpress5.themselves(they)．Inthistext，however，wewilllookatafewofthesimplerforms.Someofthefirstpoetry6.written(write)inEnglishisnurseryrhymes.Children7.learned/learnt(learn)thesewhentheywereveryyoung.Nurseryrhymes8.liketheoneontherightarestillacommontypeofchildren'spoetry.Theydelightsmallchildrenbecausetheyhavestrongrhythm，rhymeandalotofrepetition.Thismakesthemeasytolearn9.andrecite.By10.playing(play)withthewordsinnurseryrhymes，childrenlearnaboutlanguage.Ⅳ.