Unit9

Wheels語法專題寫作專題內(nèi)容索引PeriodSix

Grammar&Writing語法專題

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)Ⅰ.用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空1.People

(enjoy)thebenefitsofcyclinginAmsterdamforyears.2.Solarracers

(come)toAustraliaforyearsfortheWorldSolarCarChallenge.3.People

(worry)aboutpollutioncausedbyfuelslikepetrolandgasforalongtimenow.語法感知havebeenenjoyinghavebeencominghavebeenworried4.You

(design)solarracingcarsforalongtime.5.I

(design)fiveorsixdifferentcarssofar.6.I

(build)anewcarwithateamfromQueenslandUniversity.havebeendesigninghavedesignedhavebeenbuildingⅡ.使用for或since以及現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)為每個(gè)情形寫一句話例：ThereseemsnoendtothecivilwarinSilonia，whichbeganthreeyearsago.Thetwosidesarestillfighting.→Thetwosideshavebeenfightingforthreeyears.1.Paulistryingtosetanewworldrecordforplayingthepiano.Hestarted32daysago，andheisstillplaying.→Paul

.hasbeenplayingthepianofor32days2.Thepolicehavearrestedaman.Theybeganquestioninghimearlythismorning，andtheyarecontinuingtodoso.→Thepolice

.3.Thatdogisarealnuisance(討厭的東西).Itbeganbarkinghalfanhourago，andithasn’tstoppedsince.→Thatdog

.4.OurfriendsaregoingonholidaytoIndiasoon.Theirpreparationsstartedmonthsago.→Ourfriends

.hasbeenbarkingforhalfanhourhavebeenpreparing(fortheirholidayinIndia)formonthshavebeenquestioningamansinceearlythismorning5.Thegovernmentcan’tdecidewhattheyshoulddoaboutrisingcrime.It’sabigproblem.Discussionsbeganlastyearandhavenotyetfinished.→Thegovernment___________________________________________________

.have/hasbeendiscussing(theproblemof)risingcrimesincelastyear一、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)由“have/hasbeen＋現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。1.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法(1)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或離現(xiàn)在不遠(yuǎn)的時(shí)間，其動(dòng)作是否繼續(xù)下去，則由上下文而定。這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)多用于延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如live，learn，lie，stay，sit，wait，stand，rest，study等，并常和allthisweek，thismonth，allnight，allthemorning，recently等狀語以及since和for引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用(與since和for連用時(shí)，動(dòng)作常會(huì)繼續(xù)下去)。語法精析Ihavebeenwaitingforanhourandhestillhasn’tturnedup.我已經(jīng)等了一個(gè)小時(shí)了，可他還沒來。I’vebeenwritinglettersallthismorning.我寫了一上午的信。Howlonghaveyoubeenlivinghere?你在這里住了多久了？(2)有時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作并不是一直在不停地進(jìn)行，而是在斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地重復(fù)。這時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可用于瞬間動(dòng)詞。He’sbeenshavingsincelastyear.他是從去年開始刮臉的。Youhavebeensayingforayearthatyouwillstudyabroad.整整一年你都在說要出國學(xué)習(xí)。2.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)中時(shí)間狀語的省略現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)在上下文清楚時(shí)亦可不用時(shí)間狀語。這種現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)多指“剛才”或“近來”發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，一般不再繼續(xù)，并往往含有一種直接的結(jié)果。You’vebeenworkingtoohard.你工作太辛苦了。(直接結(jié)果可能是你一定很累了)You’vebeensmokingagain.你又抽煙了。(暗含結(jié)果你身上有煙味)Who’sbeeninsultingyou?誰欺負(fù)你了？(對(duì)方可能在哭)3.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的感情色彩現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和其他進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)一樣，也可以帶有感情色彩。Ihavebeenwantingtomeetyouforalongtime.和你見面是我盼望已久的事。Toomuchhasbeenhappeningtoday.今天發(fā)生太多事了。二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是兼有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)二者基本特點(diǎn)的時(shí)態(tài)。由于它有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的特點(diǎn)，所以它可以表示某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響；由于它有現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特點(diǎn)，所以它也可以表示某一動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性、臨時(shí)性、重復(fù)性、生動(dòng)性乃至感情色彩?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的比較：1.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示動(dòng)作的重復(fù)，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般不表示重復(fù)性。Haveyoubeenmeetinghimrecently?你最近常和他見面嗎？Haveyoumethimrecently?你最近見過他嗎？2.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)含有感情色彩，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般是平鋪直敘。Ihavebeenwaitingforyoufortwohours.我一直等了你兩個(gè)小時(shí)。(可能表示不滿)Ihavewaitedforyoufortwohours.我等了你兩個(gè)小時(shí)。(說明一個(gè)事實(shí))3.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。Whohasbeeneatingtheoranges?誰一直在吃橘子呀？(還剩余一些)Whohaseatentheoranges?誰把橘子吃了？(強(qiáng)調(diào)吃得一個(gè)不剩)4.有些動(dòng)詞不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，但可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：be，have，exist等；表示感情的動(dòng)詞：like，love等；表示感覺的動(dòng)詞：see，hear，know等。Hehashadacoldforaweek.他已經(jīng)感冒一周了。IhavelikedjazzsinceIwasateenager.從青少年起我就喜歡爵士樂了。Ihaveknownherforalongtime.我認(rèn)識(shí)她已經(jīng)很長時(shí)間了。5.與一段時(shí)間連用時(shí)可以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)也可以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)；但與次數(shù)連用時(shí)只能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，不能用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。Ithasn’trainedforsixweeks.已經(jīng)六個(gè)星期沒下雨了。Ithasbeenrainingsinceyesterdayanditisstillraining.從昨天起，雨就沒停過，而且現(xiàn)在還在下。Hehasrungmeupfivetimessince12o’clock.從十二點(diǎn)后，他已經(jīng)給我打了五次電話。Hehasbeenringingmeupallthemorning.他整個(gè)上午一直在給我打電話。6.這兩種時(shí)態(tài)都可以表示動(dòng)作的延續(xù)，區(qū)別在于：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)更強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性，可以說是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式。Wehavebeenlivingherefortenyears.Wehavelivedherefortenyears.我們?cè)谶@里住了十年了。7.在沒有時(shí)間狀語的情況下，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作仍在進(jìn)行，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則表示動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束。Thestudentshavebeenpreparingfortheexam.學(xué)生們一直在為考試做準(zhǔn)備。(還在進(jìn)行)Thestudentshavepreparedfortheexam.學(xué)生們?yōu)榭荚囎隽藴?zhǔn)備。(已經(jīng)結(jié)束)用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空1.Inordertofindthemissingchild，villagers

(do)alltheycanoverthepastfivehours.2.—Alvin，areyoucomingwithus?—I’dloveto，butsomethingunexpected

(come)up.3.—Irememberyouwereatalentedpianistatcollege.Canyouplaythepianoforme?—Sorry，I

(not，play)thepianoforyears.題組訓(xùn)練havebeendoinghascomehaven’tplayed4.—Look!Somebody

(clean)thesofa.—Well，itwasn’tme.Ididn’tdoit.5.Themanager

(tell)theworkershowtoimprovetheprogramsince9am.6.Tom

(work)inthelibraryeverynightoverthelastthreemonths.7.Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilms

(produce)allovertheworld.hascleanedhasbeentellinghasbeenworkinghavebeenproduced8.I’msureyouwilldobetterinthetestbecauseyou___________________

(study)sohardthisyear.9.Hisfirstnovel

(receive)goodreviewssinceitcameoutlastmonth.10.ItisthemostinstructivelecturethatI

(attend)sinceIcametothisschool.havebeenstudyinghasreceivedhaveattended高考鏈接Ⅰ.用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空1.Sarah

(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain’snewsupermodel，earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.(2017·全國Ⅲ)2.Dashan，who

(learn)crosstalk，theChinesecomedictradition，fordecades，wantstomixitupwiththeWesternstand-uptradition.(2016·江蘇)3.I

(read)halfoftheEnglishnovel，andI’lltrytofinishitattheweekend.(2016·北京)hasbeentold/wastoldhasbeenlearninghaveread4.Inmyhometown，thereisalwaysaharvestsupperforthefarmersafterallthewheat

(cut).(2015·重慶)5.Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks，noagreement

(reach)sofarbythetwosides.(2015·天津)6.Marty

(work)reallyhardonhisbookandhethinkshe’llhavefinisheditbyFriday.(2015·陜西)7.Inthelastfewyears，China

(make)greatachievementsinenvironmentalprotection.(2015·北京)hasbeencuthasbeenreachedhasbeenworkinghasmade8.—WhereisPeter?Ican’tfindhimanywhere.—Hewenttothelibraryafterbreakfastand

(write)hisessaythereeversince.(2015·福建)9.Sincethetimehumankindstartedgardening，we

(try)tomakeourenvironmentmorebeautiful.(2014·湖南)hasbeenwritinghavebeentryingⅡ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)1.Ihadgrownnotonlyphysically，butalsomentallyinthepastfewyears.(2017·全國Ⅲ，短文改錯(cuò))2.Lotsofstudieshavebeen

shownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriousproblem.(2015·全國Ⅰ，短文改錯(cuò))3.Theearlymorningbarkinghavebeendisturbingusasweareoftenupallnightwiththebaby.(2014·遼寧，短文改錯(cuò))havehas4.Hardworkhavemadehimveryill.(2013·遼寧，短文改錯(cuò))5.IhavebeenmissingyouverymuchafterIwenttocollegeayearago.(2012·重慶，短文改錯(cuò))6.Unfortunately，bythetimeIgotback，theyhavefinishedthesceneandtheactorcouldn’tbeseenanywhere.(2011·陜西，短文改錯(cuò))hassincehad寫作專題本單元講的調(diào)查報(bào)告屬于應(yīng)用文的范疇，旨在將調(diào)查結(jié)果真實(shí)、詳細(xì)、有條理地呈現(xiàn)出來。有關(guān)調(diào)查報(bào)告的英文書面表達(dá)題目多以圖表作文的形式呈現(xiàn)。題目往往要求我們根據(jù)要求將圖表信息以文字的形式呈現(xiàn)出來。1.結(jié)構(gòu)安排根據(jù)所給圖表的數(shù)目及題目所要求呈現(xiàn)的信息的種類等確定段落結(jié)構(gòu)。2.開篇要明確地指出所做調(diào)查的目的，這樣也就明確了調(diào)查報(bào)告所要傳達(dá)的是哪方面的信息。寫作指導(dǎo)Areport3.主體段落主體段落是呈現(xiàn)調(diào)查信息的段落，對(duì)于圖表類調(diào)查報(bào)告而言，主體段落是最終實(shí)現(xiàn)圖文轉(zhuǎn)換的段落。寫主體段落時(shí)要注意以下幾個(gè)方面：(1)圈定所要轉(zhuǎn)換的信息時(shí)，要在題目的具體要求下提取信息，并對(duì)信息進(jìn)行明確的分類。(2)重組信息時(shí)，要注意根據(jù)題目要求去確定信息表述的詳略，重要的信息要明確、詳細(xì)地說明；一般的了解性信息一筆帶過即可。(3)對(duì)所給信息的轉(zhuǎn)述要使用不同的表達(dá)方法，反映在文章中也就是要使用不同的詞、短語、句型等。4.末段末段通常用于對(duì)調(diào)查結(jié)果進(jìn)行總結(jié)，也就是根據(jù)調(diào)查結(jié)果推出一個(gè)結(jié)論，或是針對(duì)調(diào)查結(jié)果發(fā)表個(gè)人的看法。寫此段時(shí)要注意結(jié)論的客觀性、看法的合理性，不可妄加評(píng)斷。1.Wehavemadeasurveyabout...2.Inordertoworkout/findout/...wemadeasurvey...3.Thesurveywemaderecentlyshowsthat...4.Thereareseveralgoodthings.5.Ontheonehand...，ontheotherhand...6.Therearesomeadvantages/disadvantagesabout...7.However，therearemanythingswhichcouldbeimproved.8.Inconclusion，somethingneedtobedoneto...9.Wecanmakeaconclusionthat...10.Itcanbeconcludedthat...常用句式下面是某高中對(duì)150名高三學(xué)生睡眠時(shí)間不足及其原因所做的調(diào)查結(jié)果。請(qǐng)根據(jù)圖1提供的信息描述高三學(xué)生的睡眠情況，并針對(duì)圖2中任何一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)所反映的情況分析原因，并提出你的看法，詞數(shù)100左右。典題示例參考詞匯：圖表chart第一步明確要求這篇習(xí)作是一篇有關(guān)問題的調(diào)查報(bào)告，因此時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)以

為主；人稱以

為主；寫自己的看法時(shí)應(yīng)該合情合理，合乎邏輯。第二步確定段落本篇習(xí)作可以從以下幾個(gè)方面入手：Para.1：__________________________________________________________________Para.2：_______________________________________________審題謀篇一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)第三人稱

首先開門見山地闡述調(diào)查的目的，然后對(duì)圖表1進(jìn)行描述并分析原因；簡(jiǎn)要描述圖表2，分析原因，并闡述自己的看法。第三步詞匯熱身1.做調(diào)查

______________2.有足夠的睡眠

__________________3.熬夜學(xué)習(xí)

________________________4.感到更清醒

__________________5.充分利用白天時(shí)間

________________________6.以一種有效的方式

__________________makeasurveyhaveenoughsleepstayuplatestudyinghardfeelmorerefreshedmakethebestofdaytimeinaneffectiveway第四步句式升級(jí)1.62%的學(xué)生每天睡覺少于7小時(shí)，37%的學(xué)生能睡七到八個(gè)小時(shí)。(一般表達(dá))Sixty-twopercentofthestudentssleepforjustlessthansevenhourseachday.Thirty-sevenpercentofthemcansleepforseventoeighthours.(句式升級(jí))Sixty-twopercentofthestudentssleepforjustlessthansevenhourseachday，

thirty-sevenpercentofthemcansleepforseventoeighthours.(并列連詞)while2.我們可以得出大部分高三學(xué)生睡眠不足的結(jié)論。(一般表達(dá))WecanconcludethatmostofSenior3studentsdon’thaveenoughsleep.(句式升級(jí))Wecan

mostofSenior3studentsdon’thaveenoughsleep.(conclusion)3.從圖2我們了解到大部分高三學(xué)生睡眠不足的原因。(一般表達(dá))FromChart2，welearnwhymostSenior3studentsdon’thaveenoughsleep.(句式升級(jí))FromChart2，welearn

mostSenior3studentsdon’thaveenoughsleep.(reasonn.)drawaconclusionthatthereasonswhy第五步連句成篇______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________