InternationalEconomicLawMAQian(馬遷)6/27/20251ContactingInformationMaQian〔HenanUniv.,BA,MA;TempleUniv.,LLM;CityUHK,JSD;CityULondon,visitingscholar〕Email: 6/27/20252NOTESThisisanALL-IN-ENGLISHcourseexceptsomepart(s)taughtbyotherteacher(s)!Thesupplementarymaterialswillbeemailedtoyoubeforeeachclass.Youarerecommendedtomakepreparationbeforehandandbereadytotakepartinclassdiscussion.Yourparticipationinclassisexpectedandwillcontributetoyourgrades.Youarerequiredtoattendeachclass!Anyonewhoisabsentfromclass,withorwithoutcauses,forEIGHTtimeswillbedisqualifiedforassessment.Youarenotsupposedtobebusyintakingnotesinclass,instead,whatIwantfromyouisyourthinkingandreaction.Thelecturenoteswillbeavailabletoyouuponrequest.6/27/20253Howis“IEL〞relatedwithus?Whenyouaremakinganoverseastelephonecalltoafriendorrelativeabroad,internationalserviceisinvolved.Whenyouopenabusinessinaforeignstate,eitherinternationalinvestmentorinternationalservice(“commercialpresence〞)isinvolved.Inaddition,internationalfinanceisalsoinvolved.Whenyouearnsomemoneyforgivingprofessionalassistancetoforeigners,internationaltaxationisinvolved.Whenyouhaveadisputewithaforeignstateorenterprise,internationaleconomicdisputeresolutionisinvolved.6/27/20254CONTENTSPartIIntroductionPartIIInternationalTradeLawPartIIIInternationalInvestmentLawPartIVInternationalFinanceLawPartVInternationalTaxationLawPartVIInternationalEconomicDisputeSettlement6/27/20255PARTIINTRODUCTIONMainContents:AcademicTheoriesonIEL(學(xué)說)SystemofIEL(體系)SourcesofIEL(淵源)SubjectsofIEL(主體)6/27/20256AcademicTheoriesofIEL

TwoTheories:IELisabranchofPublicInternationalLaw.IELisanindependentandcomprehensivelegalbody.6/27/20257AcademicTheoriesofIEL(cont’d)TheoryOne:

IELasabranchofpublicinternationallawView:

IELisabranchofpublicinternationallaw.Itregulatesthreekindsofeconomicrelationships:(1)thosebetweenstatesandstates;(2)thosebetweeninternationalorganizationsandinternationalorganizations;and(3)thosebetweenstatesandinternationalorganizations.

6/27/20258AcademicTheoriesofIEL(cont’d)Representatives:G.Schwarzenberger(施瓦曾伯格)(英國)D.Carreau(卡歐)(法國)P.Julliard(朱亞爾)(法國)F.Flory(弗洛里)(法國)Seidl-Hohenveldern(霍亨維爾頓)(奧地利)金澤良雄(日本)6/27/20259“IEL,initswidestmeaning,referstothoserulesofpublicinternationallawwhichdirectlyconcerneconomicexchangesbetweenthesubjectsofinternationallaw.〞----Carreau,Julliard,Flory.Droitinternationaléconomique(3rded.),Paris,LGDJ,1990,p.45.“…wewouldfailtocopewiththerealitiesofpresent-dayinternationallife,ifweomittedtodealwithphenomenaliketheexistenceofmultinationalenterprisesorofcontractsconcludedbyStateswithnationalsofotherStates.…Weintendtofollowthemoremoderndoctrinewhichextendsthecategoriesofsubjectsofinternationallawsoastoincludeindividuals,…Considerationofthesetwofactorsmaypavethewayfortheadmissionofanewbodyofrulesintointernationaleconomiclaw,theso-called‘lexmercatoria’.〞----IgnazSeidl-Hohenveldern.InternationalEconomicLaw(2ndreviseded.),theNetherlands,MartinusNijhoffPublishers,1992,p.2.6/27/202510AcademicTheoriesofIEL(cont’d)TheoryTwo:IELasanindependentandcomprehensivelegalbodyView:IELisanindependentandcomprehensivelegalbody.Itisadisciplineofitsown,separatefrompublicinternationallaw.Itregulatestheeconomicrelationshipsarisingoutoftransnationalbusinesstransactionscarriedoutbetween/amongindividuals,legalpersons,Statesand/orinternationalorganizations.6/27/202511AcademicTheoriesofIEL(cont’d)Representatives:P.Jessup(杰塞普)(美國):“transnationallaw〞,toobroadH.J.Steiner(斯坦納)&D.F.Vagts(瓦茨):“TransnationalLegalProblems〞JohnH.Jackson(杰克遜):expresslyusetheconceptof“IEL〞A.Lowenfeld(羅文費德):6Vols.textbook“IEL〞OtherGermanandJapanesescholars(seeYaoMeizhen〔姚梅鎮(zhèn)〕.IntroductiontoIEL(reviseded.),WuhanUniv.Press,1999,pp.12-16.)6/27/202512EvaluationsontheTwoTheoriesTheoryOneadherestothetraditionalclassificationoflaw,namelypublicorprivatelaw,domesticorinternationallaw,butitfailstocopewiththerealitiesofthepresent-dayinternationallifeasitexcludesthoseeconomicrelationshipsotherthanthosebetween/amongstatesorinternationalorganizationsoutofitsscopeofregulation.TheoryTwodeviatesfromthetraditionalclassificationoflaw,butadoptsapositiveattitude.Itreflectsmorecorrectlythereality,althoughthescopeofIELismoreorlessdifferent.ThisbookandIpersonallyagreewiththesecondtheory,i.e.,toregardIELasadisciplineofitsown.6/27/202513SystemofIELDefinitionofIEL:IEListhebodyofrulesandnormsthatregulateseconomicactivitiescarriedonoutsidethelegalboundariesofStates.Intension/Connotation(內(nèi)涵)

objectsofregulation.Internationaleconomicrelationships(narrowsense;broadsense)Extension(外延)

scopeofregulation.Internationallaws+domesticlaws6/27/202514SystemofIEL(cont’d)IELInternationaltradelawInternationalinvestmentlawInternationalfinancelawInternationaltaxationlawInternationaleconomicorganizationlaw6/27/202515SourcesofIELInternationaleconomicconventionsInternationalcustomGeneralPrinciplesofLawUNGeneralAssemblyResolutionsDomesticlawsOtheraffiliatedsources6/27/202516StatuteoftheICJArticle38(1)Article38(1)TheCourt,whosefunctionistodecideinaccordancewithinternationallawsuchdisputesasaresubmittedtoit,shallapply:(a)internationalconventions,whethergeneralorparticular,establishingrulesexpresslyrecognizedbythecontestingStates;(b)internationalcustom,asevidenceofageneralpracticeacceptedaslaw;(c)thegeneralprinciplesoflawrecognizedbycivilizednations;

(d)subjecttotheprovisionsofArticle59,judicialdecisionsandtheteachingsofthemosthighlyqualifiedpublicistsofthevariousnations,assubsidiarymeansforthedeterminationofrulesoflaw.forthetextoftheStatuteoftheICJ,see

6/27/202517InternationalEconomicConventions6/27/202518InternationalCustom“AsconfirmedbytheICJintheNicaraguacase,customisconstitutedbytwoelements,theobjectiveoneof‘a(chǎn)generalpractice’,andthesubjectiveone‘a(chǎn)cceptedaslaw’,theso-calledopinioiuris.〞—PeterMalanczuk〔馬培德〕.Akehurst’sModernIntroductiontoInternationalLaw(7threviseded.),Routledge,1997,p.39.twokinds:(1)internationalcustomaryusages(inter-stateeconomicrelationships);and(2)internationalbusinesscustoms(privateeconomicrelationships).Internationalbusinesscustomsaregenerallyobligatorybutbindingnorms,andarewidelyacceptedbymostinternationaltreatiesordomesticlaws,suchasCISGArt.9,GeneralPrinciplesoftheCivilLawofPRCArt.142.3.6/27/202519InternationalCustom(cont’d)CISG(theUNConventionontheInternationalSaleofGoods)Article9(1)Thepartiesareboundbyanyusagetowhichtheyhaveagreedandbyanypracticeswhichtheyhaveestablishedbetweenthemselves.

(2)Thepartiesareconsidered,unlessotherwiseagreed,tohaveimpliedlymadeapplicabletotheircontractoritsformationausageofwhichthepartieskneworoughttohaveknownandwhichininternationaltradeiswidelyknownto,andregularlyobservedby,partiestocontractsofthetypeinvolvedintheparticulartradeconcerned.第九條(1)雙方當(dāng)事人業(yè)已同意的任何慣例和他們之間確立的任何習(xí)慣做法，對雙方當(dāng)事人均有約束力。

(2)除非另有協(xié)議，雙方當(dāng)事人應(yīng)視為已默示地同意對他們的合同或合同的訂立適用雙方當(dāng)事人道或理應(yīng)知道的慣例，而這種慣例，在國際貿(mào)易上，已為有關(guān)特定貿(mào)易所涉同類合同的當(dāng)事人所廣泛知道并為他們所經(jīng)常遵守。6/27/202520InternationalCustom(cont’d)6/27/202521GeneralPrinciplesofLawArt.38(1)(c)StatuteoftheICJforexample:goodfaith(善意)estoppel(禁止反悔)resjudicata(已決事件)circumstantialevidence(間接證據(jù),旁證)equity(公平,公正,衡平法)pactasuntservanda

(條約必須遵守)6/27/202522UNGeneralAssemblyResolutionsdifferentviews:Legallybindingoncertainconditionsandwithincertainlimits;Althoughitselfnotbinding,maybringaboutcertainlegalforcesorlegalconsequences;Maybebindingascustomaryinternationallaw;SoftlawThetextoftheUNCharteritselfgivestotheUNGeneralAssemblyResolutionsmerelyahortatory(勸告的,忠告的)character(see

Arts.11and12),exceptasfarastheyconcernorganizationalmatterswithintheOrganizationitself.6/27/202523UNGeneralAssemblyResolutions(cont’d)Article11TheGeneralAssemblymayconsiderthegeneralprinciplesofco-operationinthemaintenanceofinternationalpeaceandsecurity,includingtheprinciplesgoverningdisarmamentandtheregulationofarmaments,andmaymakerecommendationswithregardtosuchprinciplestotheMembersortotheSecurityCouncilortoboth.TheGeneralAssemblymaydiscussanyquestionsrelatingtothemaintenanceofinternationalpeaceandsecuritybroughtbeforeitbyanyMemberoftheUnitedNations,orbytheSecurityCouncil,orbyastatewhichisnotaMemberoftheUnitedNationsinaccordancewithArticle35,paragraph2,and,exceptasprovidedinArticle12,maymakerecommendationswithregardtoanysuchquestionstothestateorstatesconcernedortotheSecurityCouncilortoboth.AnysuchquestiononwhichactionisnecessaryshallbereferredtotheSecurityCouncilbytheGeneralAssemblyeitherbeforeorafterdiscussion.……Article12WhiletheSecurityCouncilisexercisinginrespectofanydisputeorsituationthefunctionsassignedtoitinthepresentCharter,theGeneralAssemblyshallnotmakeanyrecommendationwithregardtothatdisputeorsituationunlesstheSecurityCouncilsorequests.……6/27/202524UNGeneralAssemblyResolutions(cont’d)ResolutionsoftheUNGeneralAssemblyaregenerallyNOTbindingonmemberstates,butmaybeevidenceoftheopinionsofgovernments.Thereareexamplesof“l(fā)aw-making〞resolutions:TheResolutiononProhibitionoftheUseofNuclearWeaponsforWarPurposes.6/27/202525DomesticLawsrefertothoselawsregulatingeconomicrelationshipswithforeignelementsTwokinds:economiclawswithforeignelements;civilandcommerciallawsregulatingforeigneconomicrelationshipsTwokindsoflegislationforms:uniformsystem〔統(tǒng)一制〕:lawsappliedtobothdomesticandforeigneconomicrelationships;someadvanceddevelopedcountriesseparationsystem〔分流制〕:lawsappliedtoeitherdomesticorforeigneconomicrelationships;confinedtoeconomiclaws;somedevelopingcountriesandsocialistcountries6/27/202526OtherAffiliatedSources

ICJStatuteArt.38(1)(d)

JudicialDecisionsLearnedWritings6/27/20