SectionⅢUsinglanguage目錄語法專題突破聽力發(fā)掘訓練課時跟蹤檢測新知深化學習語法專題突破語法項目——定語從句(3)

“介詞＋關系代詞”引導的定語從句語境中體悟RowsofsmallcottageswithbeautifulcourtyardscomeintosightwhenonesetsfootonXiaopanvillage,Pan'ancountyofZhejiangProvince.Theyweredevelopedonlocalvillagers'emptyhousesandarenowusedassharedhomestays(家庭住宿)inwhichtouriststothevillagecanlive.Thetouriststowhomthefreshairanduniqueenvironmentareappealingcanpickfreshvegetablesinacommunal(公共的)garden.Thepickingactivitythroughwhichtheycanexperiencelaboraswellaspleasureattractsnotonlyadultsbutchildren.Sincemanyvillagershavevacantruralhouses,localauthoritiescameupwiththeideaofsharedhomestaystohelpimprovetouristexperiencesandincreasefarmerincomeonwhichvillagerscanlivebetter.[語法入門]1．“介詞＋關系代詞”引導的定語從句中，當先行詞指人時，關系代詞用whom,其他情況一律用which。2．“介詞＋關系代詞”引導的定語從句中的介詞的選用和它與定語從句中的動詞或先行詞的常用搭配有關，有時也與句意有關。學案中理清一、介詞后關系代詞的選擇

[先感知]

①(教材典句)Thisformscloudsfromwhichrainfallsdownontothemountainterracesonceagain.②Aftercomingupwithpossiblesolutions,allclassmateshadanonlinemeetingduringwhichwedecidedonaspecificplan.③ImagineyouhaveafriendinanotherpartofChinawithwhomyoukeepintouchbyemail.[會發(fā)現(xiàn)]上面三句都使用了“介詞＋關系代詞”引導的定語從句，其中句①和句②的先行詞都是物，根據(jù)句意，須使用“介詞＋______”引導定語從句；句③的先行詞是人，根據(jù)句意，須使用“介詞＋_______”引導定語從句。whichwhom[明規(guī)則]定語從句中的介詞有時可置于關系代詞之前，形成“介詞＋關系代詞”結構。1．直接用于介詞后作賓語的關系代詞通常是which和whom，which指物，whom指人。此時不使用that或who引導定語從句。2．若介詞用于句末，則關系代詞which,whom也可換成that,who，或者省略。

[對點練]

(用適當?shù)摹敖樵~＋關系代詞”填空)①(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)So,whydidhesuddenlyforcemetodosomething__________Iwassuretofail?②WangHong,

Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyedherselfverymuch.③Thankyouforyourhelp,

wecouldn'thavefinishedthetaskontime.④Chinaisdevelopingsomeprograms

thepubliccantakepart.at

whichwith

whomwithout

whichin

which二、“介詞＋關系代詞”中介詞的選用

[先感知]①(教材典句)Althoughmoderntechnologycouldhelpproducemorecrops,theseterracesstillmeanalottothelocalpeopleforwhomtraditionsholdmuchvalue.②ThisisthemantowhomIreferred.③Thisisthesubjectaboutwhichwehavetalkedalot.④I'vereadmanystoriesofhim,ofwhichthisisthemosttouchingone.[會發(fā)現(xiàn)]上面四句中的“介詞＋關系代詞”分別指代的是“forthelocalpeople;refertotheman;aboutthesubject;ofmanystories”，

其中，介詞的選用主要根據(jù)與定語從句的___________或_________構成的搭配來選。謂語動詞先行詞[明規(guī)則]1．“介詞＋關系代詞”中介詞的選用主要看以下三方面：①先行詞的意義；②從句中謂語動詞的固定搭配；③句子的意思。2．當定語從句中的動詞短語含有不可拆分的介詞時，該介詞不能放在關系代詞前面。常見的這類動詞短語有：lookat,lookinto,listento,hearfrom,lookafter,breakinto等。TheoldwomanwhomIamtakingcareofismygrandmother.(takecareof是動詞短語，of不能放在whom的前面)我正在照顧的那位老人是我的外婆。

[對點練]

(用適當?shù)慕樵~填空)①Thisisthestudent

whomIboughtabook.②Idon'tknowthereason

whichthehouseissodirty.③(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Indoingso,I'lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018

whichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.④Wearelookingforwardtotheday

whichwewillgettogether.⑤Isawsometrees,

whichtheleaveswereblackbecauseofdisease.forforin

onof

三、關系副詞與“介詞＋關系代詞”的轉換

[先感知]①Beijingistheplacewhere(＝inwhich)hewasborn.②October1isthedaywhen(＝onwhich)hewasborn.③Isthisthereasonwhy(＝forwhich)

herefusedouroffer?[會發(fā)現(xiàn)]上面三句中定語從句既可以用____________引導，也可以用相應的“介詞＋__________”引導。關系副詞關系代詞[明規(guī)則]1．關系副詞where或when引導定語從句時，可以轉換成“介詞(in/on/at等)＋which”引導的定語從句。2．關系副詞why引導定語從句時，只能轉換成“forwhich”引導的定語從句。

[對點練]

(把關系副詞引導的定語從句轉換成“介詞＋關系代詞”引導的定語從句)①ThedatewhenIjoinedthearmywasOctober12,2020.→Thedate

IjoinedthearmywasOctober12,2020.②ThehousewhereMarklivedisnowalibrary.→Thehouse

Marklivedisnowalibrary.③Isthatthereasonwhyshesuddenlychangedhermind?→Isthatthereason

shesuddenlychangedhermind?on

which

in

whichfor

which

四、“代詞/數(shù)詞＋ofwhich/whom”引導的定語從句[先感知]①(教材典句)Theseterracesalsoprovideaperfectenvironmentforbirdsandfish,someofwhichfeedoninsectsthatcanharmthericecrops.②Hehaslotsofhobbies,oneofwhichisswimming.③Theoldmanhasthreesons,allofwhomcareabouthim.[會發(fā)現(xiàn)]上面三句中的定語從句都是由“___________＋ofwhich/whom”引導的，該結構在定語從句中一般作主語。代詞/數(shù)詞[明規(guī)則]“數(shù)詞/代詞＋ofwhich/whom”引導的定語從句中，先行詞指物時，of后面用關系代詞which；

先行詞指人時，of后面用關系代詞whom。

[對點練]

(用適當?shù)摹按~/數(shù)詞＋ofwhich/whom”完成句子)①(2022·浙江6月高考)Thoseroomsareequippedwithmodernelectronicfacilities,

(所有這些)arelinkedtotheInternet.②Twogirlscametoseethecar,

(她們中沒有一個)likedit.all

of

which

neither

of

whom③(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Besides,workinginthegardenseemstohaveacalmingeffectonJaramillo'sspecialeducationstudents,

(他們中的許多)haveemotionalcontrolissues.④Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,

(它們中的80%)aresoldabroad.many

of

whom80%

of

which應用中融通用適當?shù)摹敖樵~＋關系代詞”完成短文ThefilmPrincess

DiariestellsastoryofanAmericanhighschoolgirlwhowokeuponedaytofindthatherfatherwasaking.Beforesheknewshewasaprincess,shewasthemostunpopulargirlinschool.Thingschangedwhensheknewshewasaprincess.Shenolongerhadpeaceattheschool①

shestudied.Shewasfrightenedbythosewhoonlywantedtomakeafoolofheroruseher.in

whichItturnedoutthattheonlypeople②

shecoulddependwerethosewhohadalwaysstoodbyherinthedays③

shewasunpopular.Thereweremanymoments④

shewantedtorunawayfromthislife,butintheendshewasencouragedbyherfather'sletterandshewasabletoleadthelifeofarealprincess.Princess

Diariesisareallygoodfilm⑤

onecanlearnalot,isn'tit?on

whomduring

whichat

whichfrom

which聽力發(fā)掘訓練一、由聽力厚積語料庫1．

與……密切相關2．

去打獵3．

由雪或冰做成4．

一方面be

closely

connected

togo

huntingbe

made

of

snow

or

iceon

the

one

hand5．

另一方面6．

確定的，無疑的7．inthefarnorthofCanada ______________8．fromthenearbysea ____________9．a(chǎn)lotoffishandmeat ____________10．theadvantagetothis ___________on

the

otherfor

sure在加拿大最北部從附近的海里大量的魚和肉這樣的好處二、教材錄音材料的發(fā)掘訓練1．Whatareigloosmadeof?A．Wood.

B．Snoworice.

C．Stones.√2．WheredoesMarlygetfood?A．Thenearbysea.B．Thesupermarket.C．Huntinganimals.√3．HowlongisMarly'svillagecompletelydark?A．For50days.B．Forhalfayear.C．Forthreemonths.√4．WhydoesMarlythinktouristsarebeneficialtohervillage?A．Theybringmoremoneyandjobopportunities.B．Theypollutetheirenvironment.C．Theyofferthemsomefood.√三、依據(jù)教材聽力完成句子1．Althoughweliveinregularhouses,__________________________________“igloos”whenwegohunting.2．

sothatwecanfightthecold.3．Butthedownsideis________________________________________________enoughvegetablesandfruit.we

stay

in

temporaryEating

a

lot

of

fish

and

meat

keeps

our

bodies

strongshelters

calledthat

the

cold

weather

makes

it

difficultfor

us

to

grow4．Theadvantagetothisisthatitbringsmoremoneyandjobopportunities,________________________________________________________.5．Onethingisforsure,though：

,ourtraditionswillremainanimportantpartofourlives.but

the

disadvantage

is

that

our

environment

is

beingpollutedno

matter

how

things

change四、聽說交際訓練根據(jù)提示，完成下面關于環(huán)境的對話。M：Oh!Whatbadweatheritis!It'ssandstorm.W：Yeah!It①

(和人類活動密切相關).Recentyearshaveseensomepeople②

(砍伐樹木)toturnforestsintofields.Asaresult,moredeserthasappeared.is

closely

connected

to

human

activity

cut

down

trees

M：Weshouldtakeactiontoprotectourenvironmentinwhichwelive.W：Youareright!M：③

(一方面),weshoulddevelopeconomytoimprovepeople'slife.Ontheotherhand,itisbetterforustoprotectourenvironmentbyplantingmoretreesandinsistingonenvironment-friendlydevelopment.On

the

one

handW：Nomatterhowtheworldchanges,onethingis④________(肯定的)：Theearthisouronlyhome,soweshould⑤________________________(和它和諧相處)．M：Icannotagreemore!for

surelive

inharmony

with

it新知深化學習1．Insentence(a),canwereplace“inwhich”with“where”withoutchangingthemeaning?在句子(a)中，我們可以將“inwhich”替換為“where”而不改變其意思嗎？★replacev．以……替換，更換；取代；將……放回原處|用|法|感|知|?Finally,therainstopped,tobereplacedbysnow.終于，雨停了，取而代之的是雪。?(“心理描寫”佳句)Thankstothishoneststranger,theinitialself-doubtIhadaboutmydecisiontostudysofarawayfromhomewasreplacedwithhopeandexcitement.多虧了這個誠實的陌生人，我最初對我決定遠離家鄉(xiāng)學習的自我懷疑被希望和興奮所取代。?(時代主題句)KunquOperahasreplacedpopmusicasanindispensablepartofhislife.昆曲取代了流行音樂，成為他生活中不可或缺的一部分。歸納點撥(1)replace...with/by...用……替換……replacesb.as...替代/取代某人當……(2)replacementn.更換，替換聯(lián)想發(fā)散表示“取代，代替”的短語還有：taketheplaceof,takeone'splace,inplaceof,inone'splace,insteadof等。|應|用|融|會|(1)單句語法填空①Shereplacedherhusband

thelocaldoctor.②Inthisdigitalage,traditionalteachingmodesarebeingreplaced

technology-basedones.③Technologybringsusclosertogetherandcanhelpusineverydayliferatherthanreplacingfriends

screens.asbywith(2)替換加藍詞匯④Pleaseputthebooksbackafterreading.＝Please

thebooksafterreading.replace2．Comparethemwiththefollowingsentencesandanswerthequestions.將它們與下列句子進行比較并回答問題?！颿omparev．比較，對比|用|法|感|知|?(“豐富細節(jié)”佳句)Ourworkcouldbecomparedtoabattlebecausewehadtofinishitinthefollowingtwohours.我們的工作好比一場戰(zhàn)斗，因為我們必須在以后的兩個小時內完成。?However,comparedwithhim,hisfatherwaspatienteventhoughheaskedeven23times.然而，與他相比，他的父親很有耐心，即使他問了23次。?(深刻說理句)Onlybycomparingourselveswithotherscanweknowtheaspectsweareweakin.只有通過將自己與他人進行比較我們才能知道自己薄弱的方面。歸納點撥(1)compare...to...

把……比作……；把……和……相比較compare...with/to... 把……和……相比較comparedwith/to 與……相比(2)without/beyondcompare 無與倫比(3)comparisonn. 比較；對照bycomparison 相比之下incomparisonwith 與……相比較

|應|用|融|會|(1)單句語法填空①Childrenareoftencompared

flowers.②Don'tcompareyourdisadvantages

hisadvantages.③By

(compare),womenliketotellandshare.④Myownproblemsseeminsignificant

(compare)withotherpeople's.towith/tocomparison

compared(2)句式升級⑤Whenwe'recomparingourselveswithothers,wetendtorarelyfocusonourownuniqueabilities,orwhatwealreadyhave.→

,wetendtorarelyfocusonourownuniqueabilities,orwhatwealreadyhave.(用分詞短語作狀語升級)When

comparing

ourselves

with

others3．Thecoldweathermakesitdifficultforustogrowenoughvegetablesandfruit.寒冷的天氣使我們很難種植足夠的蔬菜和水果。在“make＋it＋adj./n.＋(forsb.)todosth.”結構中，it是形式賓語，真正的賓語是動詞不定式?？捎糜诖私Y構的動詞還有find，think，feel等。?Thesungivesofflightandheat,whichmakesitpossibleforplantstogrow.太陽發(fā)出光和熱，這使得植物生長成為可能。?(2023·全國乙卷書面表達)IfounditeasytolearnanewskillwhenIputmyheartinit.我發(fā)現(xiàn)當我用心去學的時候，學習一項新技能是很容易的。?(2024·浙江1月高考寫作)Ithinkitagoodideatorunduringthebreakbecauseitcanhavestudentsbreatheinfreshairandfillthemwithenergy.我認為在休息時間跑步是個好主意，因為它可以讓學生呼吸新鮮空氣，讓他們精力充沛?！皟蓪蛹墶睂W通用活句式(1)通過“句式變換”弄明句式結構①IcanspeakEnglishfluentlysoIcommunicatewithforeignerseasily.→ThatIcanspeakEnglishfluently________________________________________________.makes

it

easy

for

me

tocommunicate

with

foreigners②Ifwemasterthetechnology,wewillusetheInternetmoreeffectively.→Masteringthetechnology______________________________________________________.makes

it

possible

for

us

to

use

theInternet

more

effectively(2)通過“句式仿寫”做到熟練運用③我認為被邀請訪問你們國家是一種莫大的榮幸。I

visityourcountry.④我發(fā)現(xiàn)這個小男孩記住一個生詞是容易的。I

anewwordthink

it

a

great

honour

to

be

invited

to

find

it

easy

for

the

little

boy

to

remember課時跟蹤檢測Ⅰ.閱讀理解Gardeningispopularinmanypartsoftheworld.Thisoutdooractivitygivesusbeautifulplants,pleasantsmellingflowersandfreshfruitsandvegetables.Butitalsodoesalotofgoodtoourhealth.Gardeningconnectspeople.Whenyouaregardening,youareoutdoors.Soitisaperfectchancetomeetandspendtimewithyourneighbors.Mostpeoplelovetotalkabouttheirhobbies,andgardenersarenodifferent.Theyusuallyenjoyshowingpeoplewhattheyaregrowing.Andmostenjoysharingadviceandstoriesabouttheirgardensalmostasmuchassharingflowersandvegetablesfromtheirgardens.Gardeningisagreatactivityforchildren.Itgetsthemoutdoorsandoffcomputers,televisionsandcellphones.Gardeningisalsoagreatteacher.Itcanteachachildaboutwherefoodcomesfromandhealthyeating.Italsohelpsthemtounderstandthatthenaturalresourcesarenotinexhaustibleandtheimportanceofusingthemcarefully.Then,whenyougarden,youmustmovearound.Allthedifferentmovementsneededforgardening,likebendingandlifting,worksmallmuscles(肌肉)inthebody.Andyoucaneasilygetgoodexercisewhenyouarediggingholesorpullinggrasses.Inastudy,researcherslookedatmorethan2,800peopleovertheageof60.Theystudiedtheirlifestylehabits,activitiesandhealthovera16-yearperiod.Theyfoundthatgardeningcouldlowertheriskoffuturedementia(癡呆)by36%.Gardeningrequirespeopledomanyrepeatedactions,suchaspickingoffdyingflowers.Theseactionshaveacalminginfluenceonthebrain.Thebrainisstillactivebutnotinthesamewaywhenweusecomputers.You'llfeelwonderfulwhenwhatyougrowinagardenlooks,smells,feelsandtastesgood.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了園藝對人的好處，它能讓人保持與他人的聯(lián)系，而且園藝對孩子也有很多好處。1．Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph2?A．Gardenersdon'tfeellonely.B．Gardenersarefondofsharing.C．Gardenershavemanyhobbies.D．Gardenerscareabouttheenvironment.√解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Whenyouaregardening...withyourneighbors.”可知，當你做園藝時，你可能會遇到鄰居并和他們共度時光，由此可推知，你不會感到孤獨。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inexhaustible”inparagraph3mean?A．Useless.

B．Special.C．Endless. D．Cheap.解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Itcanteachachild...healthyeating.”(它能教會孩子糧食從哪里來及健康飲食)和畫線詞后的“theimportanceofusingthemcarefully”可知，孩子要理解自然資源不是取之不盡的，因此，inexhaustible的意思是“用不完的”。√3．Whatisthestudyusedtoshow?A．Gardeningispopularwiththeold.B．Gardeningisgoodforhealth.C．Gardeningcanbeatiringactivity.D．Gardeningisbetterthanplayingcomputers.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Theyfoundthatgardening...by36%.”可知，作者提到這個研究是為了表明園藝有利于健康?！?．What'sthepurposeofthetext?A．Toshowhowtogarden.B．Toencourageustogarden.C．Toshowgardeningispopular.D．Toencourageustodooutdooractivities.解析：寫作意圖題。本文全篇都在介紹做園藝的各種好處，由此可推斷出作者寫這篇文章的目的是鼓勵我們去做園藝?！挞?完形填空LocalscallitMosi-oa-Tunya—“thesmokethatthunders”.Noother5describesVictoriaFallsbetter.IsawaphotoofthefallsasachildandI6then,thatwaswhereIwouldgooneday!Thirtyyearslater,Iachievedthat7.StandingattheentranceoftheVictoriaFallsPark,Icouldn'tcontrolmy8!Ifollowedthepathtothefalls.AsI9thefalls,IheardthethunderousroarandI10mysteps.Theretheywere:VictoriaFalls!Istoppedto11theimpressiveview,andthencontinuedtowalktovariouslookouts(瞭望臺),eachofwhichoffered12viewsofthefallsontheothersideofthegorge(峽谷).Besides13thefalls,theparkalsohasseveral14forthrill-seekers.Theactivitiesarevarious,butI15tostayput(留在原地)andenjoytheview.Iwatchedthesethrill-seekersandtheirscreamsmademebelievethatI'dmadethe16decision!SeeingVictoriaFallstrulywasadreamcometrueandIwas17thatIgottoseeit.Butitwasa18thatIdidn'tgettoexperiencethefallsfromtheothersidewherethe19couldsitinanaturalpoolattheveryedgeofthefalls.語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者實現(xiàn)自己兒時的夢想，去看了維多利亞瀑布的經(jīng)歷。5．A.picture B．ideaC．name D．position解析：根據(jù)上文“LocalscallitMosi-oa-Tunya—‘thesmokethatthunders’．”可知，此處指這個名字取得好，沒有其他名字能更好地描述維多利亞瀑布了。故選C。√6．A.knew B．wonderedC．proved D．stressed解析：根據(jù)后文“then,thatwaswhereIwouldgooneday”指作者小時候看到瀑布的照片就知道自己以后一定要去。故選A?！?．A.standard B．successC．level D．dream解析：此處指上文“then,thatwaswhereIwouldgooneday”提到的要去看瀑布的夢想。standard“標準”；success“成功”；level“水平”；dream“夢想”。故選D?！?．A.patience B．a(chǎn)ngerC．excitement D．curiosity解析：根據(jù)上文“StandingattheentranceoftheVictoriaFallsPark”可知，作者要看到瀑布了，十分興奮。patience“耐心”；anger“憤怒”；excitement“激動”；curiosity“好奇心”。故選C?！?．A.saw B．a(chǎn)pproachedC．described D．drew解析：根據(jù)后文“Iheardthethunderousroar”可知，聽到瀑布的聲音說明走近了。see“看見”；approach“靠近”；describe“描述”；draw“描繪”。故選B?！?0．A.heard B．countedC．followed D．quickened解析：根據(jù)上文“IheardthethunderousroarandI”可知，馬上要到瀑布了，作者加快了腳步。hear“聽見”；count“數(shù)”；follow“跟隨”；quicken“加快”。故選D?！?1．A.enjoy B．shareC．recall D．miss解析：根據(jù)后文“theimpressiveview”指停下欣賞這令人印象深刻的景色。enjoy“欣賞”；share“分享”；recall“回憶”；miss“錯過”。故選A?！?2．A.popular B．a(chǎn)mazingC．normal D．similar解析：呼應上文“theimpressiveview”，此處指每個瞭望臺都提供驚人的瀑布的美景。popular“流行的”；amazing“驚人的”；normal“正常的”；similar“相似的”。故選B?！?3．A.protecting B．viewingC．imagining D．a(chǎn)voiding解析：句意：除了觀賞瀑布外，公園還為尋求刺激的人提供了一些活動。protect“保護”；view“看”；imagine“想象”；avoid“避免”。故選B。√14．A.courses B．showsC．a(chǎn)ctivities D．places解析：course“課程”；show“展示”；activity“活動”；place“地方”。根據(jù)后文“Theactivitiesarevarious”也可知選C?！?5．A.refused B．a(chǎn)greedC．forgot D．chose解析：根據(jù)后文“tostayput(留在原地)andenjoytheview”可知，雖然活動多，但作者選擇待在原地欣賞風景。refuse“拒絕”；agree“同意”；forget“忘記”；choose“選擇”。故選D?！?6．A.right B．finalC．hard D．brave解析：根據(jù)上文“Iwatchedthesethrill-seekersandtheirscreamsmademebelieve”可知，尋求刺激的人發(fā)出尖叫聲，讓作者確信待在原處欣賞風景的決定是正確的。right“正確的”；final“最后的”；hard“艱難的”；brave“勇敢的”。故選A?！?7．A.glad B．a(chǎn)fraidC．sure D．sorry解析：根據(jù)上文“SeeingVictoriaFallstrulywasadreamcometrue”可知，夢想成真，作者很高興。故選A?！?8．A.way B．questionC．pity D．possibility解析：根據(jù)But以及后文“Ididn'tgettoexperien