第二講：形容詞、副詞【考點(diǎn)解讀】小學(xué)階段已經(jīng)接觸過大量的形容詞，開始學(xué)習(xí)形容詞（adj.）和副詞(adv.)的用法及區(qū)別，特別是比較等級的表達(dá)方式。小朋友要初步掌握形容詞和副詞的區(qū)別，比較級最高級表達(dá)及運(yùn)用，并且能夠在句子中熟練運(yùn)用它們?！局R講解】知識點(diǎn)1——形容詞形容詞定義：是用來描述事物特征的詞,如事物的大小,形狀,顏色等;也可以用來陳述事物的狀態(tài)。主要修飾名詞和代詞。1、形容詞的句法作用（1）形容詞+名詞，作定語:agoodgirl（good作girl的定語）（形容詞排列順序參見《第一講：名詞》）系動(dòng)詞+形容詞，作表語:Itisgood./Itsoundsgreat.（good/great表明it的狀態(tài)和性質(zhì)）※部分表語形容詞，只能位于系動(dòng)詞后面作表語，不能作定語eg：alone,alive,asleep,afraid,well,ill動(dòng)詞+賓語+形容詞，做賓語補(bǔ)足語：(make/keep/find…adj.)Robotscanmakehumanslazy.（humans是賓語，lazy作賓補(bǔ)）Whathesaidkeptmecalmerandcalmer.AllofusfindEnglishdifficult.形容詞或詞組，+句子/句子，+形容詞或詞組，做狀語Hearrivedhome,hungryandcold.（5）數(shù)量+表示長、寬、高、深、年齡等形容詞（形容詞后置）eg：twometerslong,tencentimeterswide,twentyfeetdeep,28yearsold.（6）the+形容詞，表示一類人，:theold老人 theyoung年輕人therich富人thepoor窮人※以上的這些詞組表示的是復(fù)數(shù)，所以謂語動(dòng)詞用原形。eg：TherichoftenenjoytheirlifeinAmerica.（7）形似副詞的形容詞—lonely,friendly,lively,lovely,silly，early,ugly.E.g.Sheisverylovelyandfriendly.Mygrandmotherlivesalone,butshe’sneverlonely.（8）以ing結(jié)尾的形容詞通常修飾物，以ed結(jié)尾的形容詞通常修飾人eg：exciting-excited,boring-bored,interesting-interested,moving-moved,tiring-tired,relaxing-relaxed,frightening-frightened,disappointing-disappointed★★特殊的：pleasant令人愉快的人或物，pleased人感到滿意愉快的（9）一些表示情感的表語形容詞后可接動(dòng)詞不定式eg：beglad/happytodosth. besorry/sadtodosth.beready/abletodosth. beeasy/difficulttodosth.（10）只能作定語的形容詞eg：little,only,wooden,woolen,elderalittlegirlthewoodentablethewoolengloves2、形容詞的常見句式（1）It’sadj.ofsb.todosth.表示“某人做某事…”用法：這一句型中，用的是描述行為者的性格、品質(zhì)的形容詞常見的有：nice-kind-good-polite,clever-foolish-lazy,careful-careless,right-wrong（2）It’sadj.forsb.todosth.表示“做某事對某人來說…”常用的形容詞有：difficult,easy,hard,dangerous,safe,useful,pleasant,interestingE.g.It’sdifficulttofinishthistaskbymyself.It’sdangerousforyoutoswimalonehere.知識點(diǎn)2--副詞一.副詞的定義副詞用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其他副詞或整個(gè)句子。它表示行為狀況或性質(zhì)特征，如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、程度、范圍等。二.副詞的構(gòu)成本身就是副詞，例如：now(現(xiàn)在),there(那里),always(總是)。（2）形容詞變成副詞——adj.+-ly構(gòu)成adv.變化形式示例=1\*GB3①一般直接在adj.詞尾加-lyslow-slowly,strong-strongly,careful-carefully=2\*GB3②adj.以-le結(jié)尾，去e加-ygentle-gently，possible-possibly=3\*GB3③以e結(jié)尾，直接加-plete-completely，safe-safely例外：true-truly=4\*GB3④以y結(jié)尾，y變?yōu)閕，再加-lyheavy-heavily,angry-angrily形容詞和副詞同形的詞如下表：adjadvadjadvadjadvfastfastearlyearlylatelatehardhardfarfaralonealonedailydailymonthlymonthlyyearlyyearlyenoughenoughhighhighwellwell副詞的種類序名稱例：1時(shí)間副詞yesterday,today,tomorrow,now,...ago,later,recently,lately,before,since...2頻度副詞always,usually,often,sometimes,once,twice,seldom,every...3方式副詞slowly,quickly,clearly,early,4地點(diǎn)副詞ahead,back,down,up,here,there,out,upstairs,downstairs,everywhere5程度副詞enough,too,quiet,very,rather,extremely,terribly,pretty6連續(xù)副詞so（如此）,then（那么）,yet（到現(xiàn)在）,too（也）7疑問副詞when(ever),where（ever），why,how(ever)疑問副詞的具體用法疑問副詞提問部分例句where地點(diǎn)Theboyisintheclassroom.Whereistheboy?when時(shí)間Igetupatsixeverymorning.Whendoyougetup?why原因IamlatebecauseIgotuplate.Whyareyoulate?how方式Igotoschoolbybus.Howdoyougotoschool?howoften頻率Igototheparkonceamonth.Howoftendoyougotothepark?howsoon多久后Iwillleaveintwoweeks.Howsoonwillyouleave?howmany數(shù)量Theyhavefivepeaches.Howmanypeachesdotheyhave?howmuch價(jià)格Thepencilisthreeyuan.Howmuchisthepencil?howlong多久Ispentfivehoursdoingit.Howlongdidyouspenddoingit?howtall高度Thetreeis5metrestall.Howtallisthetree?howdeep深度Theholeis6centimetresdeep.Howdeepisthehole?howold年齡Theywere21yearsold.Howoldarethey?howfar距離Itisfiveminutes’walkfromAtoB.HowfarisitfromAtoB?副詞的句法作用adv.在句中作狀語示例V.+adv.Thetimepassedquickly（副詞quickly修飾動(dòng)詞passed）adv.+adj.It’squitewarmhere.（副詞quite修飾形容詞warm）adv.+adv.Hewasdrivingratherfast.（rather修飾副詞fast;fast修飾動(dòng)詞drive）adv.+句子Luckily,hewentacrosstheexam.(修飾整個(gè)句子)知識點(diǎn)3——形容詞和副詞的比較等級一形容詞/副詞比較等級的構(gòu)成1）規(guī)則變化比較級和最高級構(gòu)成規(guī)則示例原形比較級最高級單音節(jié)一般在詞尾加-er/-esttalltallertallest以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾+-r/-stlatelaterlatest重讀閉音節(jié)：一元+一輔雙寫輔音字母+-er/-estfatfatterfattestbigbiggerbiggestthinthinnerthinnest以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，y變?yōu)閕,再加-er/-esthappyhappierhappiesteasyeasiereasiest多音節(jié)及部分雙音節(jié)前加more/mostcarefulmorecarefulmostcarefulseriousmoreseriousmostseriousoftenmoreoftenmostoftenbeautifulmorebeautifulmostbeautiful以-y/er/-le/-ow結(jié)尾的形容詞有兩種構(gòu)成方式：加-er/-est,或加more/mostclevercleverercleverestmoreclevermostcleversimplesimplersimplestmoresimplemostsimple分詞作形容詞，在其前加more/mostboringmoreboringmostboringinterestingmoreinterestingmostinterestingtiredmoretiredmosttired2)不規(guī)則變化原形比較級最高級good/wellbetterbestbad/ill/badlyworeworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthestoldolderoldesteldereldest★注意區(qū)別：farther只表示距離上“更遠(yuǎn)的”further引申義，指程度上“更進(jìn)一步的”。elder指“年長的”，常修飾人，用來表示出生順序的前后和年齡的長幼。常作定語，不可用于than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句。例：Theeldersistergaveherlittlesisteranapple.older指“年紀(jì)較大的，較老的，較舊的”，修飾人或物都行。既可作定語，也可作表語，可用于than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句。例如：Theoldermaninthephotoismygrandfather.Weworkinanolderbuilding.Yourbagisolderthanmine.二、形容詞/副詞各等級的用法：(一）原級用法1）有表示絕對概念的副詞very,too,so,enough,quite等修飾時(shí)，用其原級。如：Theboyistooyoung.Heplaysthepianoverywell.2）表示A與B在某一方面程度相同或不同時(shí)用形容詞或副詞的原級?？隙ň渲械慕Y(jié)構(gòu)：“A…+as+形容詞/副詞原級+as+B”。如：EnglishisasinterestingasChinese.HerunsasfastasJim.否定句中的結(jié)構(gòu)：“A…+notas/so+形容詞/副詞原級+as+B”。如：LessonOneisn’tas(so)difficultasLessonTwo.否定句的結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于less+形容詞/副詞原級+than。如：LessonOneislessdifficultthanLessonTwo.3）表示A是B的…….倍時(shí)，A…..+倍數(shù)+as+形容詞原級+as+BOurschoolisthreetimes/twiceasbigastheirs.Theredpencilishalfaslongasthebluepencil.（二）比較級用法1）表示兩者進(jìn)行比較時(shí)用形容詞或副詞的比較級，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“A…+比較級+than+B”。如：Iamtallerthanyou.Hedidbetterthanme.注意：在比較時(shí)，要注意比較的對象要一致。Mypencilislongerthanyours.（不用you）2）有表示程度的副詞alittle,abit,alot,much,even,far等修飾時(shí)，用形容詞/副詞的比較級。如：It’smuchwarmertoday.Thisbottleisalittlebiggerthanthatone.3）在兩者之間進(jìn)行選擇，“哪一個(gè)更……”,用句型“Which/Whois+形容詞/副詞比較級，AorB?”。如：Whoistaller,MikeorTed?Whichoneisthelonger,thepenorthepencil?4）表示“兩者之間”最……的一個(gè)”(ofthetwo)”時(shí)，常用“the+比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Bobisthetallerofthetwoboys.Beingisthebiggerofthetwo.5）表示“越來越……”時(shí)，用比較級重疊結(jié)構(gòu)，即“比較級+and+比較級”，句中有多音節(jié)詞或部分雙音節(jié)詞時(shí)用“moreandmore+原級”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Theweatherisgettingwarmerandwarmer.Ourcountryisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.6）表示“越……就越……”時(shí)，用“the+比較級，the+比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Themoreyoueat,thefatteryouwillbe.Themoreyoueat,thefatteryouwillbe.（三）最高級用法1）表示三者或三者以上的人或物進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，用其最高級形式。形容詞最高級前必須加定冠詞the，副詞的最高級前可不加。句末常接一個(gè)in/of短語來表示范圍。如：What’sthebestsportinsummer?LiDongsingsbestofthefourboys.形容詞最高級前有物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞所有格等修飾時(shí)，不能再用定冠詞the。如：LiMingismybestfriend.Thisisourbestlessontoday.表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中進(jìn)行選擇時(shí)，用“Which/Whoisthe+最高級，A,BorC?”。如：Whichisthemostbeautiful,Beijing,ShanghaiorGuangzhou?3）表示“最……的之一”時(shí)，用“oneofthe+形容詞最高級+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：ZhouJielunisoneofthemostpopularsingers.4）形容詞最高級前可加序數(shù)詞，表示“第幾最……”。如：TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.5）形容詞比較級結(jié)構(gòu)可表示最高級含義。如：LiLeiisthetalleststudentinhisclass.李磊是他班里最高的學(xué)生。=LiLeiistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.=LiLeiistallerthantheotherstudentsinhisclass.=LiLeiistallerthananyoneelseinhisclass.=LiLeiistallerthantherestofstudentsinhisclass.6）表示倍數(shù)的三個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)：=1\*GB3①be+倍數(shù)+as…as：Thehouseisthreetimesasbigasthatone.=2\*GB3②be+倍數(shù)+比較級+than：Thehouseisthreetimesbiggerthanthatone.=3\*GB3③be+倍數(shù)+the+名詞（尺寸，長度）+of：Thepencilistwicethelengthofthatone.※so+形容詞/副詞，such+a+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，such+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)☆表示兩者之間沒有差別時(shí),使用句型：主語(第一個(gè)人物)+謂語動(dòng)詞+as+形容詞/副詞原級+as+第二個(gè)人物+….如：Lilyranasslowasanoldwoman.(莉莉跑得像老太太一樣慢)Theypickedasmanyapplesasthefarmers.(他們摘的蘋果和農(nóng)民一樣多)☆表示第一個(gè)人比不上第二個(gè)人時(shí),使用句型：主語(第一個(gè)人物)+謂語動(dòng)詞(否定式)+as+形容詞/副詞原級+as+第二個(gè)人物+….如：Lilydidnotrunasslowasanoldwoman.(莉莉跑得不像老太太那樣慢)Theydidn’tpickasmanyapplesasthefarmers.(他們摘的蘋果不如農(nóng)民多)三、【典例探究】【例題1】()1.Whichdoyoulike,thecityorthecountry?A.well B.better C.best D.good答案：B（解析：兩者之間進(jìn)行比較，要用比較級，所以選擇B）()2.TomplaysfootballSimon.A.asgoodas B.aswellas C.wellthan D.asbetteras答案：B（解析：as...as結(jié)構(gòu)中間要用原級，所以可以排除D項(xiàng)，than前面要用比較級，所以可以排除C項(xiàng)。本句中是足球踢的好要用副詞來修飾，所以只能選擇B。但是學(xué)生在這里面需要掌握一些特殊形容詞的比較級和最高級。比如good/well——better——best；bad/badly/ill——worse——worst；其中well既可以做形容詞，又可以作副詞，作形容詞的時(shí)候只能形容身體好，小升初經(jīng)?？疾楹蚲ood的區(qū)別用法。）()3.youspeakEnglish,youspokenEnglishcanbe.A.More;better B.Themore;thebetterC.Themore;better D.More;thebetter答案：B（解析：本題考查“the+比較級......，the+比較級......”的用法，含義是“越...,越...”直接可以確定答案B。）()4.Anundergroundtraincanrunthanaship.A.much faster B.morefaster C.muchfast D.morefast答案：A（解析：本題主要考查學(xué)生“much后面加比較級，more后面加多音節(jié)形容詞的原級”的用法，學(xué)生只要牢記這個(gè)用法，就一定可以選出正確的答案。）四、【課堂運(yùn)用】【基礎(chǔ)】【練習(xí)1】I. 寫出下列形容詞的反義詞。little__________ 2.full__________3.few__________ 4.near__________fat__________ 6.long__________7.dry__________ 8.old__________quick__________ 10.smooth__________11.happy__________ 12.early__________new__________ 14.hungry__________15.wrong__________ 16.same__________dark__________ 18.left__________ 19.poor__________20.hard__________easy__________ 22.free__________ 23.dirty__________ 24.large__________tall__________ 26.white__________ 27.cheap__________ 28.light__________II. Choosethebestanswer.選擇正確答案。（）1.Don’tcrosstheroad,it’s______.A.nice B.early C.dangerous D.late（）2.Whatcolouristhepanda?It’s______.A.red B.black C.white D.blackandwhite（）3.Theappletreeisvery______.A.tall B.long C.high D.strong（）4.Thecheeseinthebottlesmells______.A.nice B.soft C.white D.hard（）5.Jenny’sbellistoo______.A.quite B.quiet C.strong D.tired（）6.Thecaris______,butitisverynice.A.new B.big C.old D.cheap（）7.--Isyourgrandma______?--Yes,sheis.A.pretty B.long C.handsome D.young（）8.Thebabyissleeping.Pleasekeep______.A.quiet B.quite C.noise D.Noisy（）9.Thereare______picturesonthewall.twonewpink B.twopinkandnewC.twopinknew D.twonewandpink（）10.Don’tleavenow.Ihave______totellyou.A.nothingimportant B.importantanythingC.somethingimportant D.importantsomethingIII. Fillintheblankswiththegivenwordsintheirproperforms.用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。You’retoo__________(noise)!Bequiet!--HowisJanetoday?--Heisvery__________.--It’sreally__________news.(good)Mikeisan__________boy.(America)Springisa__________season.(beauty)Becareful!Theknifeis__________.(danger)Englishismy__________subject.Ilikeitbest.(favour)Takeanumbrella.Itisa__________day.(rain)【練習(xí)2】I.Changethefollowingadjectivesintoadverbs.(寫出下列形容詞的副詞形式)1.unhappy__________ 2.early__________ 3.hard__________ 4.excited__________5.fast__________ 6.careful__________ 7.beautiful__________ 8.usual__________9.sure__________ 10.safe__________ 11.good________ 12.important__________13.busy__________ 14.cheap__________ 15.different__________16.polite__________17.late__________18.possible__________=2\*ROMANII.Fillintheblankstocompletethesentences.(根據(jù)答句，填入特殊疑問詞)1.A:__________istheboyinblue? B:He’sMike.2.A:__________walletisit? B:It’smine.3.A:__________isthediary? B:It’sunderthechair.4.A:__________istheChristmasDay? B:It’sonthe25thofDecember.5.A:____________________aretheearphones? B:Theyare25Yuan.6.A:____________________isthehairdryer? B:It’sblue.7.A:____________________isittoday? B:It’sSunday.8.A:____________________wasityesterday? B:Itwasthe13thofOctober.9.A:____________________isitfromhere? B:It’sabouttwokilometersaway.10.A:____________________isyourcousin? B:He’s15yearsold.11.A:____________________doyouhavedinner? B:At6o’clock.12.A:____________________doesyourbrotherswim? B:Twiceaweek.13.A:____________________isthebag? B:It’s2kilograms.14.A:____________________isthedesk? B:It’s3meters.15.A:____________________didyoustayinAmerica?B:Fortwoyears.16.A:____________________willyoucomeback. B:Infiveminutes.=3\*ROMANIII.Choosethebestanswer.（選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢福?.—______timesdidyouplaybasketballaweek?—Threetimes!A.Howmany B.Howoften C.Howlong D.Howfar2.LotsofvisitorscometoNanjingbecausesheis______city.A.soabeautiful B.veryabeautiful C.suchbeautiful D.suchabeautiful3.Mr.SmithsaidtoBilly,“Yourideasounds______.”A.clearly B.fluently C.good D.loud4.Jackgotvery______withmefornothavingwrittenbacktohimintime.A.angry B.angrily C.worse D.worst5.Istudyvery______,buthe______studiesonSunday.A.hardly;hardly B.hardly;hard C.hard;hard D.hard;hardly=4\*ROMANIV.Fillintheblankswiththewordsso,suchorsucha.（在下列空格中填入so,such或sucha）1.It’sdifficultforhimtounderstandbecausehisteacherspeaks__________quickly.2.IlikeJohnandMary.They’re__________nicepeople.3.Itwasagreatholiday.Wehad__________goodtime.4.Itwassurprisedthathelooked__________wellafterhisrecentillness.5.Everythingis__________expensivethesedays,isn’tit?6.Theweatherislovely,isn’tit?Ididn’texpectittobe__________niceday.7.Ihavetogo.Ididn’trealizeitwas__________late.8.Healwayslooksgood.Hewears__________niceclothes.9.They’vegot__________muchmoneythattheydon’tknowwhattodowithit.【鞏固】【練習(xí)1】I. 在下列方框中選出合適的形容詞填空，使句子完整、正確。(1)wrongshortdifficultfatwetfardryemptysharplazyMyelderbrotheris__________,hecan’trunfast.Look,theglassis__________.Thereisn’tanywaterinit.Thesuncanmakethewetsweater__________.Iamnota__________child.Ioftenhelpmymotherwithherhousework.Itis__________inspringinShanghai.Itoftenrains.Theseproblemsarenot__________forme.Icandealwith(處理)them.Wemustbecarefulwithknivesbecausetheyare__________.Myunclelives__________fromus.Wegotoseehimbyunderground.It’sninenow.Butmywatchisninefive.Itis__________.Lindalookslikeaboy.Shehasvery__________hair.(2)angrybigboringbusyfullcleanuglyexpensiveeasygoodheavysmallThechildrenwashedthecar.Nowit’s__________.Shedidherhomeworkintenminutes.Thehomeworkwas__________.Hewasn’tveryhungry.Heordereda__________bowlofsoup.Thehunters(獵人)couldn’tcarrythedeadelephant.Itwastoo__________.Ican’tpullalloftherocksinthatcar.Thecarisn’t__________enough.There’slotsofworkforus.We’regoingtobe__________.Ienjoyedtheplay.Theactorswere__________.Someonetooktheirbooks.Themenwere__________.Theclotheswere__________.Noneoftheactorswantedtowearthem.Theboxwastoo__________.Hecouldn’tcloseit.Thespeechis__________.Allofthepeopletherefeelsleepy.Thecarsaretoo__________formostofthepeopletobuy.II. Choosethebestanswer.（選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢福?. Thebabyissleeping.Pleasekeep______.A.quiet B.quite C.noise D.Noisy2. Thesingerlooked______andshesang______.A.beautiful…beautiful B.beautiful…beautifullyC.beautifully…beautiful D.beautifully…beautifully3. Whata______cough!Youseem______ill.A.terrible…terribly B.terribly…terrible C.terrible…terrible D.terribly…terribly4. Theteacherfoundhim______pupil.anothonest B.wasanhonest C.anhonest D.isanhonest5. A:“ThistypeofMP3isreallycheap!”B:“The______,thebetter.I’mshortofmoney,yousee.”A.cheap B.cheaper C.cheapest D.mostcheap.6. Ithinkphysicsis______difficultthanEnglish.very B.too C.much D.muchmore7. “Wemustkeepquite______inthelibrary,”thewomansaid______tome.quiet;quietly B.quietly;quietly C.quietly;quiet D.quiet;quiet8. ThiskindofT-shirtlooks______andsells______.nice…well B.nice…good C.well…well D.good…nice9. A:“Haveyougotmye-mailtoday?”B:“Oh,thereis______withmycomputer.Itdoesn’twork.”somethingwrong B.anythingwrong C.nothingwrong D.everythingwrong10. A:“DoesWuGangeverguessthemeaningsofEnglishwords?”B:“He______guessesthemeaningofnewwords.Heuseshisdictionaryallthetime.”usually B.never C.always D.sometimes【拔高】【練習(xí)1】=1\*ROMANI.Readthepictureandfillintheblanks...4.6.5.bigger/smaller,stronger/weaker,taller/shorter,older/younger,faster/slower,heavier/lighter1.Theostrichis__________thantherabbit.(big)Therabbitis____________________theostrich.(small)Therabbitisnot______________________________theostrich.2.Thegiraffeis__________thanthecat.(tall)Thecat______________________________thegiraffe.(short)Thecatisnot______________________________thegiraffe.3.Theelephantis__________thanthelizard.(heavy)Thelizard______________________________theelephant.(light)Thelizardisnot______________________________theelephant.4.Therabbitis____________________theturtle.(fast)___________________________________________.(slow)Theturtleis________________________________________therabbit.5.Thegrandfatheris____________________theboy.(old)___________________________________________.(young)___________________________________________.(as…as)6.Theman______________________________theboy.(strong)___________________________________________.(weak)___________________________________________.(as…as)五、【課后鞏固】【習(xí)題1】寫出下列形容詞的比較級和最高級good far___________well_______________ many_______________ clean much_______________lovely few________________interesting ________little________________bad______________wide________________red______________clever_________________easy_______________beautiful__________________sweet______________tall___________________hard_______________II.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換Theywere inmycultureandtheyaskedmealotofquestions