BUSINESSCONTRACTUnit5Task4WhatisBusinessContractIninternationaltrade,thebusinesscontractnormallyreferstotheagreementconcludedbybothpartiesandenforceablebylaw.Bywhichtheymutuallypromisetosellorbuysomeparticularcommodity,transferoracquireacertainindustrialpropertyorknowhow,orrenderoracceptacertainservice.KindsofContractContractPurchaseContractSalesContractConfirmationPurchaseConfirmationSalesConfirmation1243Title

PreambleBody

EndofContractFormationofContractTitleThetitleshouldsimplystatethekindofagreementinvolved—whetherit’sasalescontract,apurchaseconfirmation,orsomeotherkindofagreement.PreambleThepreamblecontains:ContractNo.DateofcontractSigningplaceSigningpartiesRecitalsorWHEREASClauseBodyBasicTermsandConditionsQualityQuantityPricePackingShipmentPaymentInsuranceCommodityInspectionGeneralTermsandConditionsForceMajeureApplicablelawArbitrationClaimsAmendmentsOthersEndofContractThebusinesscontractisusuallyendedwithConcludingSentenceSignatureSealCaseStudiesASalesContractThesellersagreestosellandthebuyeragreestobuytheundermentionedgoodsonthetermsandconditionsstatedbelow.買賣雙方同意按下列條款由賣方出售，買方購(gòu)進(jìn)下列貨物。UsefulExpressionsandStructuresThesellersshallnotholdanyresponsibilityforpartialortotalnon-performanceofthiscontractduetoForceMajeure.Butthesellersshalladvisethebuyersontimeofsuchoccurrence.如因不可抗力造成本合同全部或部分不能履約，賣方概不負(fù)責(zé)。但賣方應(yīng)將上述發(fā)生的情況及時(shí)通知買方。UsefulExpressionsandStructuresArbitration:AlldisputesinconnectionwiththisContractortheexecutionthereofshallbesettledbynegotiationbetweenthetwoparties.Ifnosettlementcanbereached,thecaseindisputeshallthenbesubmittedforarbitrationinthecountryofdefendantinaccordancewiththearbitrationregulationsofthearbitrationorganizationofthedefendantcountry.Thedecisionmadebythearbitrationorganizationshallbetakenasfinalandbindinguponbothparties.Thearbitrationexpensesshallbebornebythelosingpartyunlessotherwiseawardedbythearbitrationorganization.凡因執(zhí)行本合同或與本合同有關(guān)事項(xiàng)所發(fā)生的一切爭(zhēng)執(zhí)，應(yīng)由雙方通過(guò)友好的方式協(xié)商解決。如果不能取得協(xié)議，則在被告國(guó)家根據(jù)被告仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)的仲裁程序規(guī)則進(jìn)行仲裁。仲裁決定是終局的，對(duì)雙方具有同等約束力。仲裁費(fèi)用除非仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)另有決定外，均由敗訴一方負(fù)擔(dān)。UsefulExpressionsandStructuresThiscontractismadeoutinbothChineseandEnglishofwhichversionisequallyeffective.Conflictsbetweenthesetwolanguagesarisingtherefrom,ifany,shallbesubjecttotheChineseversion.本合同中、英兩種文字具有同等法律效力，在文字解釋上，若有異議，以中文解釋為準(zhǔn)。UsefulExpressionsandStructuresCaseStudiesASalesConfirmationUsefulExpressionsandStructuresTheundersignedsellersandbuyershaveagreedtoclosethefollowingtransactionsaccordingtothetermsandconditionsstipulatedbelow：買賣雙方經(jīng)協(xié)商同意按下列條款成交：UsefulExpressionsandStructuresThebuyershavetherighttohavethegoodsinspectedbythelocalcommodityinspectionauthorityafterthearrivalofthegoodsattheportofdestinationifthegoodsarefounddamaged/short/theirspecificationsandquantitiesnotincompliancewiththatspecifiedinthecontract,thebuyersshalllodgeclaimsagainstthesellersbasedontheInspectionCertificateissuedbytheCommodityInspectionAuthoritywithindaysafterthearrivalofthegoodsatthedestination.貨物到達(dá)目的口岸后，買方可委托當(dāng)?shù)氐纳唐窓z驗(yàn)機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)貨物進(jìn)行復(fù)檢。如果發(fā)現(xiàn)貨物有損壞、殘缺或規(guī)格、數(shù)量與合同規(guī)定不符，買方須于貨到目的口岸的天內(nèi)憑檢驗(yàn)機(jī)構(gòu)出具的檢驗(yàn)證明書(shū)向賣方索賠。UsefulExpressionsandStructuresTheclaims,ifanyregardingtothequalityofthegoods,shallbelodgedwithindaysafterthearrivalofthegoodsatthedestination,ifanyregardingtothequantitiesofthegoods,shallbelodgedwithindaysafterthearrivalofthegoodsatthedestination.ThesellersshallnottakeanyresponsibilityifanyclaimsconcerningtheshippinggoodsisuptotheresponsibilityofInsuranceCompany/TransportationCompany/PostOffice.如買方提出索賠，凡屬品質(zhì)異議須于貨到目的口岸之日起天內(nèi)提出；凡屬數(shù)量異議須于貨到目的口岸之日起天內(nèi)提出。對(duì)貨物所提任何異議應(yīng)由保險(xiǎn)公司、運(yùn)輸公司或郵遞機(jī)構(gòu)負(fù)責(zé)的，賣方不負(fù)任何責(zé)任。UsefulExpressionsandStructuresWillbegovernedbythelawofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaunderthecircumstancesthatthecontractissignedorthegoodsarewhilethedisputesarisinginthePeople’sRepublicofChinaorthedefendantisalegalChineseperson,otherwiseitisgovernedbytheUnitedNationsConventiononContractfortheInternationalSaleofGoods.本合同之簽訂地，或發(fā)生爭(zhēng)議時(shí)貨物所在地在中華人民共和國(guó)境內(nèi)或被訴人為中國(guó)法人的，適用中華人民共和國(guó)法律，除此規(guī)定外，適用《聯(lián)合國(guó)國(guó)際貨物銷售公約》。UsefulExpressionsandStructuresThiscontractisin___copies,effectivesincebeingsigned/sealedbybothparties.本合同共____份，自雙方代表簽字（蓋章）之日起生效。商務(wù)合同的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)例一在乙方的要求下，甲方同意派遣技術(shù)人員幫助乙方安裝設(shè)備。AttherequestofPartyB,PartyAagreestosendtechnicianstoassistPartyBtoinstalltheequipment.例二在加工貿(mào)易中，生產(chǎn)方對(duì)原材料和產(chǎn)成品都沒(méi)有所有權(quán)。Inprocessingtransactions,themanufacturesneverhavetitleeithertothematerialsorthefinishedproducts.例一句中用的是assist而不是我們平時(shí)常用的help，表達(dá)上更為正式；例二句中“所有權(quán)”的表達(dá)用了title這一法律用語(yǔ)，而不是我們常用的ownership。合同語(yǔ)言和日常用語(yǔ)不同，每個(gè)專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)都表示特定的法律概念。在使用時(shí)不可替代。使用正式的法律用語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)商務(wù)合同傾向于使用較為復(fù)雜的介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)代替常見(jiàn)的簡(jiǎn)單介詞與連詞，突出商務(wù)合同的正式與嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，例如inaccordancewith,unlessotherwise,priorto,withregardto等。Theparticipantsinthejointventureshallcommencediscussionwithregardtotheextensionoftheperiodofexistenceoftheventure.就合資企業(yè)存續(xù)時(shí)限的延續(xù)問(wèn)題，各方應(yīng)進(jìn)行討論。商務(wù)合同的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)使用多個(gè)介詞或者介詞短語(yǔ)商務(wù)合同中權(quán)力義務(wù)的約定部分構(gòu)成了合同的主題，對(duì)當(dāng)事人雙方都具有約束力。合同中經(jīng)常使用的shall，must，may，maynot等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在合同中具有特殊含義。這幾個(gè)詞如選用不當(dāng)可能因此糾紛。shall：應(yīng)該，必須（出現(xiàn)頻率最高，表達(dá)當(dāng)事人應(yīng)該承擔(dān)的義務(wù)）must：必須做什么（用于強(qiáng)調(diào)性義務(wù)，語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)調(diào)）may：可以做什么（對(duì)權(quán)力權(quán)限或特權(quán)作選擇性約定）maynot：不得做什么（相當(dāng)于shallnot，用于禁止性義務(wù)）商務(wù)合同的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)大量使用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞商務(wù)合同中同義詞（近義詞）并列現(xiàn)象十分普遍，這體現(xiàn)商務(wù)合同用詞的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性、準(zhǔn)確性和完整性的特點(diǎn)，因?yàn)椴⒘性~語(yǔ)之間通常意義交叉，可以在內(nèi)容上互相補(bǔ)充，從而詞義更具有唯一性，而不產(chǎn)生歧義。例如：Theselleragreestosellandthebuyeragreestopurchasetheundermentionedcommodityaccordingtothetermsandconditionsstipulatedbelow.買賣雙方同意按照下列條款買賣以下貨物。商務(wù)合同的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)使用并列詞語(yǔ)anyandall全部customsandusages慣例nullandvoid無(wú)效costsandexpenses