第三講續(xù)寫情節(jié)構(gòu)建第一節(jié)擬定續(xù)寫框架做讀后續(xù)寫題時，對所給文本后面的故事情節(jié)及故事結(jié)尾的推斷是寫好讀后續(xù)寫的前提。高考所給的讀后續(xù)寫形式是半開放性的，這種形式既可以讓考生充分發(fā)揮想象力，又能讓考生有章可循?？忌谕茰y后續(xù)情節(jié)時一般根據(jù)兩個方面：第一是所給文章的情節(jié)，特別是伏筆之處；第二是所給每段的首句。一、捕捉續(xù)寫點，妙照應(yīng)銜接利用捕捉和對應(yīng)的手法，找到原文設(shè)置的伏筆，合理推測照應(yīng)續(xù)寫的段落，以使續(xù)寫段落在語言、邏輯和內(nèi)容上符合原文基調(diào)。二、研讀兩首句，巧構(gòu)思框架1．兩段首句定一框所給第一段的首句既能承接上文，也是本段的起始句，由第二段的首句可以推測第一段的結(jié)尾內(nèi)容。通過這兩段首句可以大體推斷第一段的內(nèi)容。2．二框二首正能量由第二段的首句可以預(yù)測第二段的內(nèi)容，尤其注意結(jié)尾一定是圓滿的、皆大歡喜的內(nèi)容或者正能量的結(jié)局。由此可以推斷第二段的主要情節(jié)?！镜淅痉丁?2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Itwasthedayofthebigcross-countryrun.Studentsfromsevendifferentprimaryschoolsinandaroundthesmalltownwerewarmingupandwalkingtheroute(路線)throughthickevergreenforest.IlookedaroundandfinallyspottedDavid,whowasstandingbyhimselfofftothesidebyafence.Hewassmallfortenyearsold.Hisusualbigtoothysmilewasabsenttoday.Iwalkedoverandaskedhimwhyhewasn'twiththeotherchildren.Hehesitatedandthensaidhehaddecidednottorun.Whatwaswrong?Hehadworkedsohardforthisevent!Iquicklysearchedthecrowdfortheschool'scoachandaskedhimwhathadhappened.“Iwasafraidthatkidsfromotherschoolswouldlaughathim，”heexplaineduncomfortably.“Igavehimthechoicetorunornot,andlethimdecide.”Ibitbackmyfrustration(懊惱)．Iknewthecoachmeantwell—hethoughthewasdoingtherightthing.AftermakingsurethatDavidcouldrunifhewanted，Iturnedtofindhimcomingtowardsme,hissmallbodyrockingfromsidetosideasheswunghisfeetforward.Davidhadabraindiseasewhichpreventedhimfromwalkingorrunninglikeotherchildren,butatschoolhisclassmatesthoughtofhimasaregularkid.Healwaysparticipatedtothebestofhisabilityinwhatevertheyweredoing.ThatwaswhynoneofthechildrenthoughtitunusualthatDavidhaddecidedtojointhecross-countryteam.Itjusttookhimlonger—that'sall.Davidhadnotmissedasinglepractice,andalthoughhealwaysfinishedhisrunlongaftertheotherchildren,hedidalwaysfinish.Asaspecialeducationteacherattheschool，IwasfamiliarwiththechallengesDavidfacedandwasproudofhisstrongdetermination.注意：續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。Wesatdownnexttoeachother,butDavidwouldn'tlookatme.IwatchedasDavidmoveduptothestartinglinewiththeotherrunners.【情節(jié)設(shè)計】一、捕捉續(xù)寫點，妙照應(yīng)銜接利用捕捉和對應(yīng)的手法，找到原文設(shè)置的伏筆：1．大衛(wèi)想放棄比賽：Iwalkedoverandaskedhimwhyhewasn'twiththeotherchildren.Hehesitatedandthensaidhehaddecidednottorun.2．“我”對大衛(wèi)的處境表示理解，但是贊賞他的決心和毅力：Asaspecialeducationteacherattheschool，IwasfamiliarwiththechallengesDavidfacedandwasproudofhisstrongdetermination.二、研讀兩首句，巧構(gòu)思框架根據(jù)給出的第一段首句“Wesatdownnexttoeachother,butDavidwouldn'tlookatme.”可知，我們坐在一起，但是David并沒有看我。由此可見，David此刻很煎熬。這一段可以描寫主人公對David心情的理解，用語言安慰和鼓勵David，最終David態(tài)度的變化。根據(jù)給出的第二段首句“IwatchedasDavidmoveduptothestartinglinewiththeotherrunners.”可知，David來到了起跑線上，準備和其他同學(xué)一起參賽。上一段最后的情節(jié)需要和第二段首句呼應(yīng)，描寫David戰(zhàn)勝了自己，改變了主意，決定繼續(xù)參賽。第二段需要描寫David跑步時的場景，David的努力，觀眾們的反應(yīng)，比賽最終的結(jié)果，David的心情，主人公的心情。第一段：Wesatdownnexttoeachother,butDavidwouldn'tlookatme.情節(jié)構(gòu)思：作者鼓勵David繼續(xù)完成比賽→David經(jīng)過激烈的心理斗爭→最終決定參加比賽第二段：IwatchedasDavidmoveduptothestartinglinewiththeotherrunners.情節(jié)構(gòu)思：David開始參賽→雖然中途遇到困難→仍然堅持到最后，完成比賽【范文賞讀】Wesatdownnexttoeachother,butDavidwouldn'tlookatme.StaringatDavid，“Younevermissasinglepractice,andIfirmlybelievethatyouwillfinishyourrunifyoubravelyfacethischallenge，”Isaidgently.Hetookarelaxedbreath.“Thereasonwhyyoushouldshowupisthatyouhavemadefullpreparationsforthisevent，”Iaddedinasincerevoice.Atmywords,withtearsrollingdownhischeeks,Davidturnedtomeandfirmlyexpressedhisdeterminationtofinishthecross-countryrun.IwatchedasDavidmoveduptothestartinglinewiththeotherrunners.Theracestarted.Itwasdifficultfortheyoungtorunsolongadistance,nottomentionDavidwithabraindisease.However,Davidkeptrunningashepracticedagainandagain,thoughhewasoutofbreathwithinafewkilometers.Healwayspickedhimselfupagainandcontinuedhisrunning.Toourdelight,Davidreachedthefinishlineandwonamedalforhispersistence.Itwashisstrongdeterminationthatmadeadifference.第二節(jié)續(xù)寫情節(jié)優(yōu)化讀后續(xù)寫中的情節(jié)設(shè)計不能天馬行空、脫離題目給定的前文和兩段首句。我們必須依據(jù)情節(jié)發(fā)展和常識，在給定的框架內(nèi)，可按“所見、所聞、所說、所思、所做”或從環(huán)境、心理、動作、語言和情感等五個方面著手，每段寫5至8個句子，豐富情節(jié)內(nèi)容，推動問題的解決。1．所見：環(huán)境描寫/人物描寫/神情描寫細致刻畫文中主人公看到了什么，描寫所看到的景象：環(huán)境、人物和神情等。2．所聞/所說：語言描寫即文中人物說了什么，描寫文中主人公和其他人物的對話。3．所思：心理描寫即文中人物心里想了什么，描寫文中主人公心理活動。4．所做：動作描寫即文中人物做了什么，細致刻畫描寫文中人物的動作?！镜淅痉丁?2022·1月浙江卷改編)閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。WhenDr.Hendersonwasassigning(指定)projectmatesforhispsychologyclass，IsecretlyhopedthathewouldpairmewithmybestfriendoratleastaclassmateIcouldhavesomefunwith.Aboveall，Ihopedhewouldn'tassignmetoworkwiththefiercelycompetitiveandextremelyseriousfellowwhoalwaysworedarkclothesandapparentlyhadapersonalitytomatch.Asfate(命運)wouldhaveit,Dr.HendersonverydeliberatelymatchedeveryoneinclassandannouncedthatIwouldbeworkingwiththeonepersoninclassIwantedtoavoid.Iwentuptomynewteammateandintroducedmyself.HelookedatmeasthoughIweren'tthere.IfelthetreatedmeasthoughIwouldholdhimbackandprobablymakehimfailtogetanAinthecourse.Hewasn'tmeanorabusive;hejustgavemetheimpressionthathecoulddowhateverprojectwedreamedupbetterifhediditalone.Needlesstosay,Ididn'tlookforwardtoanentiretermofbeingbrushedoff,butItriedtomakethebestofitanddidn'tsayanythingforfearthatIwouldmakethingsworse.Theprojectrequiredeachteamtodevelopahypothesis(假說),setupanexperimenttotestthehypothesis,dothestatisticalanalysisandpresentthefindings.Whatevergradetheteamreceivedwouldbesharedbybothstudents.WhenmyteammateandImettodiscussourproject，Iwasuneasy.Herewasthischallengingstudentwhohadareputationforsingle-mindednessandgoodgrades—theexactoppositeofme.Iactuallywantedtodroptheclassatonepoint,butstoppedshortbecauseIdidn'twanttogivehimthesatisfactionofmychickeningout.Idecidedtosticktoitnomatterwhat.Afterlongdiscussionswesomehowagreedtodoastudyonthepsychologicalwell-beingofteenagers.Iwasn'tsurewhatitmeantexactly,butatleastwehadatopic.注意：續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。Westartedtomeetregularlytodrawupourplans.OnedayIgotwordthathewasadmittedtohospitalforaseriousdisease.【續(xù)寫分析】利用“五所”設(shè)問，豐富續(xù)寫內(nèi)容1．第一段我們可以大膽設(shè)問：(1)Didweshareourideaswitheachother？(2)Wouldthatboyliketoacceptmyopinions？(3)WhatshouldIdowhenheignoredmyadvice？(4)HowwouldIfeelwhenheignoredmyadvice？根據(jù)這四個問題，第一段就有內(nèi)容可寫了。2．第二段我們可以大膽設(shè)問：(1)HowwouldIfeelwhenIgotthenewsthathewasadmittedtohospitalforaseriousdisease？(2)DidIgotothehospitaltoseehim？(3)Howwouldhefeelwhenhesawmeinhisward？(4)Howdidwedotheprojectfromthenon？(5)Wastheprojectcompletedontime？(6)Wastheteachersatisfiedwithourproject？(7)Whatdidwelearnfromtheproject？這樣，根據(jù)設(shè)問，整理答案，適當(dāng)擴充，再運用恰當(dāng)?shù)膭幼髅鑼憽⑿睦砻鑼懞鸵恍└呒壉磉_，用上適當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡詞語，就組成一篇完整的文章了。【范文賞讀】Westartedtomeetregularlytodrawupourplans.ThoughIwantedtosharemyideaswithhimfully，IfailedtodosoforfearthatIwouldholdhimback(所思：心理描寫)．Ijustkeptnoddingwhenheaskedmewhetherit'sOKtodothiswayorthatway(所做：動作描寫)．Ithoughtitwasimpossibletopersuadehim