2025年心理學(xué)專業(yè)英語閱讀理解考試答案及解析一、單項(xiàng)選題1.Theword"cognition"inpsychologyrefersto()A.EmotionsandfeelingsB.MemoryandthinkingC.PhysicalsensationsD.Socialbehaviors2.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofclassicalconditioning?()A.AchildlearningtorideabikeB.AdogsalivatingatthesoundofabellC.ApersonchoosingacareerbasedoninterestsD.Astudentstudyingforanexam3.Theconceptof"self-esteem"isrelatedto()A.HowmuchapersonlikesthemselvesB.Aperson'sphysicalappearanceC.Aperson'sintelligencelevelD.Aperson'ssocialstatus4.Whichofthefollowingisacharacteristicofagoodpsychologicaltheory?()A.ItiscomplexanddifficulttounderstandB.ItcannotbetestedorverifiedC.ItisbasedonpersonalopinionsD.Itcanexplainandpredictbehavior5.Theprocessbywhichweorganizeandinterpretsensoryinformationiscalled()A.PerceptionB.SensationC.AttentionD.Memory6.InMaslow'shierarchyofneeds,whichneedisatthetop?()A.PhysiologicalneedsB.SafetyneedsC.Self-actualizationneedsD.Loveandbelongingneeds7.Thestudyofhowpeoplechangeovertimeiscalled()A.DevelopmentalpsychologyB.SocialpsychologyC.CognitivepsychologyD.Personalitypsychology8.Theneurotransmitterthatisoftenassociatedwithfeelingsofpleasureandrewardis()A.SerotoninB.DopamineC.GABAD.Acetylcholine9.Whichofthefollowingisadefensemechanism?()A.RepressionB.RationalizationC.ProjectionD.Alloftheabove10.Theideathatbehaviorisinfluencedbybothnatureandnurtureisknownas()A.ThebiopsychosocialmodelB.Thenature-nurturedebateC.Thecognitive-behavioralapproachD.Thepsychoanalytictheory二、多項(xiàng)選題1.WhichofthefollowingaretypesofintelligenceaccordingtoGardner'stheoryofmultipleintelligences?()A.LinguisticintelligenceB.Logical-mathematicalintelligenceC.SpatialintelligenceD.Musicalintelligence2.Whatarethestagesofthegeneraladaptationsyndrome?()A.AlarmstageB.ResistancestageC.ExhaustionstageD.Recoverystage3.Whichofthefollowingarefactorsthatcanaffectmemory?()A.AttentionB.RepetitionC.EmotionD.Context4.WhatarethemaincomponentsofthepersonalityaccordingtoFreud'spsychoanalytictheory?()A.IdB.EgoC.SuperegoD.Conscious5.Whichofthefollowingareexamplesofstressors?()A.FinancialproblemsB.RelationshipdifficultiesC.WorkpressureD.Physicalillness6.Whatarethefunctionsofemotions?()A.TocommunicatewithothersB.TomotivatebehaviorC.TohelpusadapttotheenvironmentD.Toregulateourphysiologicalstates三、填空題1.Thescientificstudyofbehaviorandmentalprocessesiscalled_____.2.Thebranchofpsychologythatfocusesonthestudyofthebrainandnervoussystemiscalled_____psychology.3.A_____isapredictionabouttherelationshipbetweentwoormorevariables.4.The_____variableisthevariablethatismanipulatedinanexperiment.5.The_____variableisthevariablethatismeasuredinanexperiment.6.The_____isthepartofthebrainthatisresponsibleforprocessingemotions.7._____istheprocessbywhichwelearntoassociateaneutralstimuluswithameaningfulstimulus.8._____istheabilitytothinkabstractlyandsolveproblems.四、判斷題（√/×）1.Psychologyisonlyconcernedwiththestudyofabnormalbehavior.()2.Thenature-nurturedebateisaboutwhetherbehaviorisdeterminedbygeneticsorenvironment.()3.Acorrelationcoefficientof+1indicatesaperfectpositiverelationshipbetweentwovariables.()4.TheunconsciousmindplaysanimportantroleinFreud'spsychoanalytictheory.()5.Memoryisapassiveprocess.()6.Emotionsarealwaysnegative.()7.Intelligenceisafixedtraitthatcannotbechanged.()8.Stressisalwaysharmful.()五、簡答題1.Brieflydescribethemaincharacteristicsofthecognitiveapproachinpsychology.六、案例分析1.A25-year-oldwomanpresentswithahistoryofanxietyanddepression.Shereportsfeelingconstantlyworriedandonedge,andhasdifficultysleeping.Shealsosaysthatshehaslostinterestinactivitiesthatsheusedtoenjoy.Onphysicalexamination,sheappearstenseandhasarapidheartrate.Laboratorytestsarenormal.-Problem1:Whatisthemostlikelydiagnosis?-Problem2:Whataresomepossibletreatmentoptions?試卷答案一、單項(xiàng)選題（答案）1.答案：B解析：Cognition主要涉及記憶和思維等心理過程，A是情緒感覺，C是身體感覺，D是社會(huì)行為，均不符合。2.答案：B解析：狗聽到鈴聲流口水是經(jīng)典條件反射的典型例子，A是操作條件反射，C是個(gè)人選擇，D是學(xué)習(xí)行為。3.答案：A解析：自尊是指一個(gè)人對自己的喜歡程度，B是外貌，C是智力水平，D是社會(huì)地位，都不是自尊的核心含義。4.答案：D解析：好的心理學(xué)理論應(yīng)能解釋和預(yù)測行為，A復(fù)雜難理解不是優(yōu)點(diǎn)，B不能測試不對，C基于個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)不準(zhǔn)確。5.答案：A解析：感知是組織和解釋感覺信息的過程，B是感覺，C是注意，D是記憶，均不符合。6.答案：C解析：馬斯洛需求層次理論中自我實(shí)現(xiàn)需求在最高層，A是生理需求，B是安全需求，D是愛與歸屬需求。7.答案：A解析：發(fā)展心理學(xué)研究人們隨時(shí)間的變化，B是社會(huì)心理學(xué)，C是認(rèn)知心理學(xué)，D是人格心理學(xué)，各有不同研究重點(diǎn)。8.答案：B解析：多巴胺常與快樂和獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)感覺相關(guān)，A血清素與情緒調(diào)節(jié)等有關(guān)，CGABA是抑制性神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)，D乙酰膽堿與記憶等有關(guān)。9.答案：D解析：壓抑、合理化、投射都是防御機(jī)制，所以選D。10.答案：B解析：行為受先天和后天影響的觀點(diǎn)即自然-nurturedebate，A是生物心理社會(huì)模型，C是認(rèn)知行為方法，D是精神分析理論。二、多項(xiàng)選題（答案）1.答案：ABCD解析：加德納多元智能理論包括語言、邏輯數(shù)學(xué)、空間、音樂等多種智能。2.答案：ABC解析：一般適應(yīng)綜合征包括警覺、抵抗、衰竭三個(gè)階段，沒有恢復(fù)階段。3.答案：ABCD解析：注意、重復(fù)、情緒、情境等都能影響記憶。4.答案：ABC解析：弗洛伊德精神分析理論中人格主要由本我、自我、超我組成，意識(shí)不是主要成分。5.答案：ABCD解析：經(jīng)濟(jì)問題、關(guān)系困難、工作壓力、身體疾病等都是常見的壓力源。6.答案：ABCD解析：情緒有溝通、激勵(lì)、適應(yīng)環(huán)境、調(diào)節(jié)生理狀態(tài)等功能。三、填空題（答案）1.答案：Psychology解析：這是心理學(xué)的定義。2.答案：Biological解析：研究大腦和神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的是生物心理學(xué)。3.答案：Hypothesis解析：假設(shè)是對變量關(guān)系的預(yù)測。4.答案：Independent解析：自變量是實(shí)驗(yàn)中被操縱的變量。5.答案：Dependent解析：因變量是實(shí)驗(yàn)中被測量的變量。6.答案：Amygdala解析：杏仁核負(fù)責(zé)處理情緒。7.答案：Classicalconditioning解析：這是經(jīng)典條件反射的定義。8.答案：Intelligence解析：這是智力的一種定義。四、判斷題（答案）1.答案：×解析：心理學(xué)研究正常和異常行為等多方面。2.答案：√解析：自然-nurturedebate就是關(guān)于此。3.答案：√解析：+1表示完全正相關(guān)。4.答案：√解析：無意識(shí)