1/19試卷第=page11頁，共=sectionpages33頁2025年秋季新高一開學(xué)摸底考試模擬卷（外研版2019）英語（考試時(shí)間：120分鐘試卷滿分：150分）注意事項(xiàng)：1．答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號等填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。2．回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，3．考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.Checkthemap. B.Leavetherestaurant. C.Parkthecar.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Wehavetofindaparkingspace.Let’sdrivearoundtheblockonemoretime.Didyousaytherestauranthasnooff-streetparkingatall?W:None,Icheckedit.Look,thereisaspace.2.Wherearethespeakers?A.Atabusstop. B.Athome. C.Attheairport.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Youhavetogonow,Judy,oryou’llmissyourflight.It’sanhour’sdrivetotheairport.W:I’mleaving.Don’tforgettowatermyflowers.Justaminute,whereismyticket,Dad?3.Whatdidthespeakersdolastweek?A.Theyhadacelebrationdinner.B.Theywenttoseeanewbornbaby.C.Theysentamailtotheirneighbors.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Laura,what’sinthemailbox?W:It’sathank-younotefromourneighbor.Theythankusforvisitingthemlastweekwhenthebabywasborn.TheyalsoinviteustohavedinnernextFriday.M:Aretheybackhomenow?W:Shouldbe.4.Whydoesthemanmakethephonecall?A.Tocancelaweekendtrip.B.Tomakeanappointment.C.Togetsomeinformation.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Goodafternoon,PaperMuseum.M:Hello,couldyoutellmeyouropeninghoursforSaturday?W:Yeah,we’reopenfrom10:00inthemorningto5:00intheafternoon.M:Thanks.5.Whatdoesthemanprobablywanttodo?A.Dosomeexercise. B.Getanextrakey. C.Orderroomservice.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Excuseme.Whereisthehotelgym,please?W:It’sonthetopfloor.Youcantaketheliftoverthere.M:DoIhavetopayextra?W:No,sir.Youjustneedtotakeyourroomkeywithyou.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。6.Whydoesthewomancometotheman?A.Toaskforpermission. B.Toextendaninvitation. C.Toexpressthanks.7.Whenarethestudentsgoingtothemuseum?A.OnFriday. B.OnSaturday. C.OnSunday.【答案】6.A7.B【解析】【原文】W:Mr.Wilson,studentsfromClass2wanttovisitthehistorymuseum.WillitbeallrightifItakethemtherethisweekend?M:Howabouttheirrevisiontest?Aretheythroughwithit?W:Yes,theyare.M:Inthatcase,youcangoahead.Trytofinishitwithinoneday,sothatthestudentsstillhaveawholedaytorestonSunday.W:Allright.I’llmanage.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。8.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Buying

groceries. B.Choosinggifts. C.Seeingfriends.9.WhoisClara?A.Theman’swife. B.Theman’ssister. C.Theman’sdaughter.10.Howmuchdidthemanspendonthecitypasses?A.$36. B.$50. C.$150.【答案】8.B9.C10.C【解析】【原文】M:Hi,Linda.Fancyseeingyouhere.Howlonghaveyoubeenshopping?W:Almostanhour.Ihavealottobuy.MydaughterMelissa’sbirthdayiscoming.I’mtryingtogetheragoodgift,butIdon’tknowwhattochoose.Sheseemstohaveeverythingsheloves.M:Yeah,thesameasClara.We’vealreadyhadbagsoftoysshe’snolongerplayingwith.Sothisyear,wedidn’tbuyhermaterialthings.Wegaveheranexperiencegift.W:What’sthat?M:Acitypass,withwhichshecanvisit12differentattractions,includingthenationalhistorymuseum,thesciencemuseum,thezoo,andmore.W:Howmuchisit?M:Fiftydollarsperperson,forayear-longpass.Iboughtthreeforthewholefamily.W:Soyoucanhaveadifferentoutingeverymonthfortheentireyear.Whatagreatidea!聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。11.WhydidTracybringdogstothe

children?A.To

teach

themto

loveanimals.B.TohelpthemgainconfidenceC.Toprotectthemfromdangers.12.Whatis

Kevin’s

concern

aboutthe

dogs?A.Theymaymisbehave. B.Theymayget

hurt. C.Theymaycarrydiseases.13.WhatwillHelendotomorrowmorning?A.Give

a

talk. B.Meetthechildren. C.Take

somephotos.【答案】11.B12.A13.A【解析】【原文】M:Helen,busydoinganything?W:OhKevin,I’mpreparingapresentationforthecitylibrary.It’saboutagirlnamedTracyWoods.M:What’sspecialabouther?W:Itwasanamazingstory.Shebroughtspecially-traineddogstospecialeducationschoolsandhelpedchildrentobuildconfidence.Shebelievesthatdogscanhelpchildreninwayswecan’t.Dogsdon’tjudge,andtheydon’tcarewhoyouareorwhatyoulooklike.M:Butputtingdogsintoaschool?Aren’ttheygoingtomessuptheschool?W:Don’tworry.Allthedogsareassessedandtrainedproperly.Therearenow40dogsworkingwithchildrenagedfrom6to18.M:Ihopethechildrenlovethem.W:Ofcoursetheydo.I’vegotsomepictures.I’llshowthematmypresentationtomorrowmorning.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。14.Whatisthemandoing?A.Attendingalecture. B.Hostingaworkshop. C.Conductinganinterview.15.WhyisEmilydoingunpaidworkinthenewseasonoftheshow?A.Tofollowthelatesttrend.B.Tohelpraisethecrew’spay.C.Tosupportthepost-production.16.WhatenablesEmilytotrydifferentthingsinherfield?A.Hercollegeeducation. B.Herteachingexperience. C.Herfamilytradition.17.WhatdoesEmilythinkofherworkattheFilmCentre?A.Boring. B.Rewarding. C.Demanding.【答案】14.C15.C16.A17.B【解析】【原文】M:Emily,thankyoufortakingtimeoutofyourbusyscheduletoanswerafewquestions.W:It’smypleasure.M:Peoplesayyou’redoingunpaidworkinthenewseasonofMyFairLady.Isthiswhattheshowbusinesshasbecome?W:No,notreally.Allofmyactinginthenewseasonisunpaid,butthecrewispaid.Thisistoraisemoneyforthepostproductionoftheshow.M:Inoticeyou’vetriedmanydifferentkindsofthings:film,TV,andeventheater.W:Yeah,that’showIwastrainedatuniversity.Iworkonanythingthatexcitesme.M:TellusaboutthesixmonthsyourecentlyspentattheworkshopoftheFilmCentre.W:Itwasanunbelievableexperience—teachingyoungactorsandactressesandworkingwithsomegreatactingartists.Itwasalsogreattoworkinvariouslabs,suchasdirectors,writersandsoon.It’sveryhelpfulformakingyouareallywell-roundedandactivememberofthefilmandtelevisionindustry.M:Thankyouverymuch,Emily.Welookforwardtoyournewseason.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。18.Whoisthespeakertalkingto?A.Sportsclubmembers. B.Internationaltourists. C.University

students.19.WheredidEmmaworkforarugbyteam?A.InManchester. B.InDublin. C.InVancouver.20.What

canbea

challengetoEmma’swork?A.Competitioninthehealthcareindustry.B.Discriminationagainstfemalescientists.C.Influenceofmisinformationonthepublic.【答案】18.A19.B20.C【解析】【原文】Hi,everyone.Thisisthemonthlymeetingofourclub.We’vebeenfortunatetohavegotgoodadvicefromsomefamousathletesonhowtoimproveourskillsandbuildupourbody.Today,we’llhearsomethingdifferent.We’rehonoredtohaveEmmaWilsonhere.EmmaisahealthexpertandlecturerfromUBC,theUniversityofBritishColumbia.EmmaworkedforafootballteaminManchester,thenforaverysuccessfulrugbyteaminDublin,andfinallyendedupworkinghereinVancouver.Emmasaysit’schallengingtobeahealthexpert,becausepeoplecanbeeasilyinfluencedbyadvertisementsthatlackscientificsupport.Also,peoplearen’twillingtochangetheirviewsaboutfoodandnutritionasthereissomuchconfusinginformationonline.It’sreallyimportanttohearwhatexpertssayandthat’swhywe’veinvitedEmmahere.Sheisn’tgoingtotellusabouteverythingweshouldeat,butshewillteachustomakebetterchoices.Let’swelcomeEmmaWilson.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）ATheMonet:TheImmersiveExperience,acaptivatingventuresituatedinthecityofLiège,beckonsenthusiaststoimmersethemselvesintheartisticrealmofClaudeMonet,aluminaryoftheFrenchImpressionistmovementandaparagonofnineteenth-centurycreativity.Thisinnovativeexhibition,designedtotransportvisitorsintotheveryessenceofMonet’soeuvre,utilizesacutting-edgedigitalformatthatencompassesapanoramic360-degreedisplay.Employingthelatestinmultimediatechnology,theexhibitionfeaturesmonumentalprojectionsofMonet’scanvases,adorningthewallsandfloorsofthevenue,accompaniedbyanauditorysymphony,thearomaticessenceofflora,andnarrateddescriptionsdeliveredinamultitudeoflanguages,therebybreathinglifeintotheartworksinanunprecedentedmanner.TodelvedeeplyintotheFrenchmaster’suniverse,patronsareusheredthroughatrilogyofthematicchambers,eachaspectacleinitsownright.ThesechambersnotonlyofferaglimpseintoMonet’sexistence,butalsobestowuponthevisitorsatroveofnovelencountersandperspectivesonhislife,hisartisticendeavors,andhiscelebratedcreations.Forthoseseekinglogisticaldetails:TheexhibitioncommencesfromthemonthofMarchintheyear2024.Theoperationalhoursareasfollows:OnWednesdaysandThursdays,thedoorsopenatthetenthhourofthemorningandcloseattheseventhhouroftheevening.Fridaysextendtheclosingtimetotheeighthhouroftheevening,whileSaturdayscommenceattheninthhourofthemorningandconcludeattheeighthhouroftheevening.Sundaysfollowasimilarschedule,openingattheninthhourandclosingattheseventhhour,withMondaysandTuesdaysobservingaclosure.Theanticipateddurationforthevisitisestimatedtospanbetweensixtytoseventy-fiveminutes.ThevenueislocatedatEgliseSaint-Pholien,situatedonRueSaint-Pholien,withthepostalcode4020inthecityofLiège.Forfurtherinquiries,itisadvisabletoperusetheFrequentlyAskedQuestionssectionpertainingtothisimmersiveexperience.21．HowdoestheexhibitionhelpvisitorsexploreMonet’spaintings?A．Itoffersstagestovisitors. B．Itgiveslecturesonart.C．Itusesdigitaltechnology. D．Itprovideslanguageservices.22．Whatwillvisitorsexperienceinthethreerooms?A．AuniquejourneytoMonet’sworld.B．Anintroductorytourofpainters.C．AnexplorationonFrenchart.D．AnencounterwithMonet-inspiredartworks.23．Whichofthefollowingisarecommendedvisitingtime?A．11:30am(Wed,Feb21). B．4:00pm(Sun,Apr7).C．8:30am(Thur,Mar28). D．10:00am(Tue,Mar19).【答案】21．C22．A23．B【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了“莫奈：沉浸式體驗(yàn)”展覽的相關(guān)情況。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thisinnovativeexhibition,designedtotransportvisitorsintotheveryessenceofMonet’soeuvre,utilizesacutting-edgedigitalformatthatencompassesapanoramic360-degreedisplay.(這個(gè)創(chuàng)新的展覽旨在將參觀者帶入莫奈作品的精髓，采用了一種尖端的數(shù)字格式，包括全景360度顯示。)”可知，展覽使用了先進(jìn)的數(shù)字格式，包括全景360度顯示，幫助游客探索莫奈的畫作，即使用了數(shù)字技術(shù)。故選C。22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“TodelvedeeplyintotheFrenchmaster’suniverse,patronsareusheredthroughatrilogyofthematicchambers,eachaspectacleinitsownright.ThesechambersnotonlyofferaglimpseintoMonet’sexistence,butalsobestowuponthevisitorsatroveofnovelencountersandperspectivesonhislife,hisartisticendeavors,andhiscelebratedcreations.(為了深入了解這位法國大師的世界，顧客們被領(lǐng)進(jìn)了三個(gè)主題展廳，每個(gè)展廳都有自己的特色。這些展室不僅提供了對莫奈生活的一瞥，而且還向游客提供了他的生活，他的藝術(shù)努力和他著名的創(chuàng)作的新遭遇和觀點(diǎn)的寶庫。)”可知，在三個(gè)主題展廳中，游客將體驗(yàn)到一次獨(dú)特的旅程，深入了解莫奈的世界。故選A。23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“TheexhibitioncommencesfromthemonthofMarchintheyear2024.(展覽從2024年3月開始。)”和第六段“Theoperationalhoursareasfollows:OnWednesdaysandThursdays,thedoorsopenatthetenthhourofthemorningandcloseattheseventhhouroftheevening.Fridaysextendtheclosingtimetotheeighthhouroftheevening,whileSaturdayscommenceattheninthhourofthemorningandconcludeattheeighthhouroftheevening.Sundaysfollowasimilarschedule,openingattheninthhourandclosingattheseventhhour,withMondaysandTuesdaysobservingaclosure.(營業(yè)時(shí)間如下：周三和周四，在早上10點(diǎn)開門，晚上7點(diǎn)關(guān)閉。周五的閉館時(shí)間延長到晚上8點(diǎn)，而周六從早上9點(diǎn)開始，到晚上8點(diǎn)鐘結(jié)束。周日遵循類似的時(shí)間表，在早上9點(diǎn)開放，在晚上7點(diǎn)關(guān)閉，周一和周二休息。)”可知，展覽從2024年3月開始，周一和周二休息，周三和周四營業(yè)時(shí)間為上午10點(diǎn)至晚上7點(diǎn)，周五閉館時(shí)間延長至晚上8點(diǎn)，周六營業(yè)時(shí)間為上午9點(diǎn)至晚上8點(diǎn)，周日營業(yè)時(shí)間為上午9點(diǎn)至晚上7點(diǎn)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有B項(xiàng)“4:00pm(Sun,Apr7)”符合這個(gè)時(shí)間表，是參觀時(shí)間。故選B。BIwasstrugglingwithwritingandmybrother-in-law,Rob,aprofessorofethics(倫理學(xué)),offeredasmallinsightintohisownpractice.He,too,foundwritingdifficult.Theonlywayhe’dbeenabletoproduceanythingthatapproximate(接近)aconsistentacademicoutputwasbydevotinghalfanhourtoiteveryday.Inthathalfhour,hehadtwooptions:hecouldwrite,orhecoulddonothing.Sometimeshesatthereforquitealongtimebeforehewrotebuthealwayscameawayfromthesessionwithnewwordsonthepage.SoonafterwardsIgavehistechniqueago—anditstuck.SometimesI’vehadtostickmyphoneinadrawerwithatimerrunningtoavoiddoomscrollingTwitterinstead,socialmediadoesnotcountas“doingnothing”but,intheyearssince,I’verevertedtothistechniquewheneverIfindmyselfatacreativeimpasse(僵局)onaproject.Ithelpedmefinishabookafewyearsago,andithelpedmegetthefirst15,000wordsofsomethingnewdownjustafewmonthsago.Oneofthemainreasonsitworks,Ithink,isthatitovercomesthefirst,andbiggestbarrier:showingup.Procrastination(拖延)cangetinanyone’swaybutI’vealsonoticedcreativepeopleinparticularcangetallcaughtupintheirmessyfeelingsabouttheirworkandwhetherornottheconditionsarerightforthemtochanneltheirmuse(靈感).Ifworkinginjournalismhastaughtmeanything,it’sthatthereisno“right”timeandthereareno“right”conditions;thereisthetimeyouhave.Youusethematerialsyou’vegot.Andthefirstpreconditionofgettinganythingdoneatallistryingtodoit.Soifyou’restrugglingwithsomethingcreative,justgiveyourself30minutes.You’lleitherdotheworkoryou’lldonothing.Butatleastyou’llbeabletosayyoushowedup.24．WhatdoesthetextshowaboutRob’sapproachtowriting?A．Hereliedoninspirationtoguidehiswriting.B．Hewroteforlonguninterruptedperiodsoftime.C．Heturnedtowritinginmomentsofuncertainty.D．Hesetasidehalfanhoureachdaytowriteordonothing.25．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“revertedto”inparagraph3probablymean?A．Contributedto. B．Returnedto. C．Accountedfor. D．Apologizedfor.26．Howdoesthetextcharacterizetherelationshipbetweenprocrastinationandcreativity?A．Procrastinationcanstopthecreativeprocess.B．Procrastinationisasignofalackofcreativity.C．Procrastinationismorepopularamongcreativeindividuals.D．Procrastinationcanbeanessentialpartofthecreativeprocess.27．Whatisthefirststepforgettinganythingcreativedoneaccordingtothetext?A．Havingtherightmaterials. B．Havingtherightconditions.C．Feelinginspiredbyamuse. D．Makinganattempttostartthework.【答案】24．D25．B26．A27．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述作者用每天半小時(shí)寫作法克服創(chuàng)作困難的經(jīng)歷。24．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Theonlywayhe’dbeenabletoproduceanythingthatapproximate(接近)aconsistentacademicoutputwasbydevotinghalfanhourtoiteveryday.Inthathalfhour,hehadtwooptions:hecouldwrite,orhecoulddonothing.(他能夠產(chǎn)出接近穩(wěn)定學(xué)術(shù)成果的唯一方法，是每天花半小時(shí)專注于此。在那半小時(shí)里，他只有兩種選擇：要么寫作，要么什么都不做)”可知，Rob的寫作方法是每天留出半個(gè)小時(shí)來寫作或什么都不做。故選D。25．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“SoonafterwardsIgavehistechniqueago—anditstuck.

(不久之后，我嘗試了他的方法——而且它奏效了)”以及所在句子“intheyearssince,I’verevertedtothistechniquewheneverIfindmyselfatacreativeimpasse(僵局)onaproject.(從那以后，每當(dāng)我在項(xiàng)目中陷入創(chuàng)作僵局時(shí)，都會revertedto這種方法)”可知，作者嘗試了Rob的方法后，發(fā)現(xiàn)它奏效了，后來每當(dāng)作者在項(xiàng)目中遇到創(chuàng)作僵局時(shí)，作者都會重新使用這個(gè)方法，即劃線詞意思是“重新使用”。A.Contributedto.有助于；B.Returnedto.重新使用；C.Accountedfor.說明……的原因；D.Apologizedfor.為……道歉。故選B。26．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Procrastination(拖延)cangetinanyone’swaybutI’vealsonoticedcreativepeopleinparticularcangetallcaughtupintheirmessyfeelingsabouttheirworkandwhetherornottheconditionsarerightforthemtochanneltheirmuse(靈感).(拖延會阻礙任何人，但我也注意到，尤其是富有創(chuàng)造力的人，他們可能會陷入對自己工作的混亂情緒中，以及是否適合他們激發(fā)靈感的環(huán)境中)”可推知，拖延會阻礙富有創(chuàng)造力的人的創(chuàng)作過程。故選A。27．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Andthefirstpreconditionofgettinganythingdoneatallistryingtodoit.(而完成任何事情的第一個(gè)先決條件就是嘗試去做)”可知，完成任何創(chuàng)造性工作的第一步是嘗試開始這項(xiàng)工作。故選D。CScientistsnowknowthathealthysoilshaveauniquesoundlandscapeproducedbyinvertebrates(無脊椎動(dòng)物)suchasearthwormsandants,buttheyhavenotyetstudiedhowthisbackgroundnoiseintheecosystemaffectsplantandfungal(真菌的)growth.Toinvestigatetheimpactsofsoundonfungi,JakeRobinsonatFlindersUniversityinAustraliaandhisteamburiedregularteabagsinsoilinsideasoundproof(隔音的)box.Insidethebox,theyplayedan8kHztoneatavolumeof70dBforonesetofteabagsand90dBforanother,8hoursperdayfor14days.Acontrolgroupreceivedonlyambient(周圍的)soundstimulationoflessthan30dB．Attheendoftheexperiment,bothsetsofteabagsexposedtosoundhadincreasedinweight,from2.5gramsto3.1gramsonaverage,duetothegrowthoffungi.Thecontrolteabagsstayedthesameweightonaverage.Robinsonnotesthatmuchmoreworkisrequiredtofullyexplaintheirobservations.Whiletheresultsmayseemsurprising,hesayswecanthinkofsoundasanenergyinputwhichthefungiaresomehowturningintogrowth.Thismaybethroughaso-calledpiezoelectriceffect(壓電效應(yīng)),inwhichmechanicalpressureistransformedintoelectricalenergy.Hehopestheresearchleadstowaystorestorehabitatsbybroadcastingsounds.“Wenowneedtobuildonthesefindingsandtransformthemintoanapplieduse,”Robinsonsays.“Ifwecanusethesefindingsinecosystemrestorationandagriculture,thenthatwouldbegreat.”ChristinaBirnbaumattheUniversityofSouthernQueensland,Australia,saysintermsofecosystemrestoration,thisispioneeringwork.However,themechanism(機(jī)制)bywhichsoundistranslatedtogrowthisstillunclear.“Thenextstepistorecreatethesefindingsinthefieldwhereyouhavealltheseotherfactorscomplicatingthelaboratoryresults,”Birnbaumsays.28．WhatwastheaimofJakeRobinson’sexperiment?A．Toseehowsoundsinfluencefungi.B．Tofindawaytoimprovesoilhealth.C．Todeterminetheharmofbackgroundnoise.D．Toexplorewhyinvertebratesproducesound.29．Whathappenedtotheteabagsintheexperimentalgroup?A．Theychangedcolor. B．Theybecameheavier.C．Theywereeatenbyearthworms. D．Theywerewellintegratedwiththesoil.30．Whatisthepiezoelectriceffectusedtoexplain?A．Thegrowthoffungi. B．Theprocessofrestoringhabitats.C．Thepotentialapplicationsofthisstudy. D．Thetransformationofelectricalenergy.31．WhatdoesChristinaBirnbaumsuggestforthenextstepofstudy?A．Conductingmorelaboratoryexperiments.B．Extendingthestudytoareal-worldsetting.C．Identifyingthefactorsaffectingthelaboratoryresults.D．Exploringalternativemethodsforecosystemrestoration.【答案】28．A29．B30．A31．B【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了澳大利亞弗林德斯大學(xué)的JakeRobinson團(tuán)隊(duì)關(guān)于聲音對真菌生長影響的實(shí)驗(yàn)，包括實(shí)驗(yàn)過程、結(jié)果以及后續(xù)研究方向和專家評價(jià)等。28．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Toinvestigatetheimpactsofsoundonfungi,JakeRobinsonatFlindersUniversityinAustraliaandhisteamburiedregularteabagsinsoilinsideasoundproofbox.(為了研究聲音對真菌的影響，澳大利亞弗林德斯大學(xué)的JakeRobinson及其團(tuán)隊(duì)將普通茶包埋在隔音箱內(nèi)的土壤中)”可知，JakeRobinson實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的是探究聲音如何影響真菌。故選A項(xiàng)。29．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Attheendoftheexperiment,bothsetsofteabagsexposedtosoundhadincreasedinweight,from2.5gramsto3.1gramsonaverage,duetothegrowthoffungi.(實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)束時(shí)，由于真菌的生長，兩組暴露在聲音中的茶包重量均有所增加，平均從2.5克增加到3.1克)”可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)組的茶包因真菌生長而變得更重。故選B項(xiàng)。30．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Whiletheresultsmayseemsurprising,hesayswecanthinkofsoundasanenergyinputwhichthefungiaresomehowturningintogrowth.Thismaybethroughaso-calledpiezoelectriceffect,inwhichmechanicalpressureistransformedintoelectricalenergy.(盡管結(jié)果可能令人驚訝，但他表示，我們可以將聲音視為一種能量輸入，真菌以某種方式將其轉(zhuǎn)化為生長。這可能是通過所謂的壓電效應(yīng)，即機(jī)械壓力轉(zhuǎn)化為電能)”可知，壓電效應(yīng)被用來解釋聲音作為能量輸入如何促進(jìn)真菌生長。故選A項(xiàng)。31．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thenextstepistorecreatethesefindingsinthefieldwhereyouhavealltheseotherfactorscomplicatingthelaboratoryresults,Birnbaumsays.(Birnbaum說：下一步是在野外重現(xiàn)這些發(fā)現(xiàn)，在那里有所有其他因素使實(shí)驗(yàn)室結(jié)果復(fù)雜化)”可知，ChristinaBirnbaum建議將研究擴(kuò)展到真實(shí)環(huán)境中。故選B項(xiàng)。

D“Assumeyouarewrong.”TheadvicecamefromBrianNosek,apsychologyprofessor,whowasofferingastrategyforpursuingbetterscience.

TounderstandthecontextforNosek’sadvice,weneedtotakeastepbacktothenatureofscienceitself.Youseedespitewhatmanyofuslearnedinelementaryschool,thereisnosinglescientificmethod.Justasscientifictheoriesbecomeelaboratedandchange,sodoscientificmethods.

Butmethodologicalreformhasn’tcomewithoutsomefrettingandfriction.Nastythingshavebeensaidbyandaboutmethodologicalreformers.Fewpeoplelikehavingthevalueoftheirlife’sworkcalledintoquestion.Ontheotherside,fewpeoplearegoodatvoicingcriticismsinkindandconstructiveways.So,partofthechallengeisfiguringouthowtobakecriticalself-reflectionintothecultureofscienceitself,soitunfoldsasawelcomeandintegratedpartoftheprocess,andnotanembarrassingsideshow.

WhatNosekrecommendedwasastrategyforchangingthewayweofferandrespondtocritique.Assumingyouarerightmightbeamotivatingforce,sustainingtheenormouseffortthatconductingscientificworkrequires.Butitalsomakesiteasytointerpretcriticismsaspersonalattacks.Beginning,instead,fromtheassumptionyouarewrong,acriticismiseasiertointerpretasaconstructivesuggestionforhowtobelesswrong—agoalthatyourcriticprobablyshares.

Oneworryaboutthisapproachisthatitcouldbedemoralizingforscientists.Strivingtobelesswrongmightbealesseffectivemotivationthanthepromiseofbeingright.Anotherconcernisthatastrategythatworkswellwithinsciencecouldbackfirewhenitcomestocommunicatingsciencewiththepublic.Withoutanappreciationforhowscienceworks,it’seasytotakeuncertaintyordisagreementsasmarksagainstscience,wheninfacttheyreflectsomeoftheveryfeaturesofsciencethatmakeitourbestapproachtoreachingreliableconclusionsabouttheworld.Scienceisreliablebecauseitrespondstoevidence:asthequantityandqualityofourevidenceimproves,ourtheoriescanandshouldchange,too.

Despitetheseworries,IlikeNosek’ssuggestionbecauseitbuildsincognitivehumilityalongwithasensethatwecandobetter.Italsobuildsinasenseofcommunity—we’reallinthesameboatwhenitcomestofallingshortofgettingthingsright.

Unfortunately,thisstillleavesuswithanuntestedhypothesis:thatassumingoneiswrongcanchangecommunitynormsforthebetter,andultimatelysupportbetterscienceandeven,perhaps,betterdecisionsinlife.Idon’tknowifthat’strue.Infact,Ishouldprobablyassumethatit’swrong.Butwiththebenefitofthescientificcommunityandourbestmethodologicaltools,Ihopewecangetitlesswrong,together.32．AccordingtoParagraph3,“somefrettingandfriction”referstothefactthatmethodologicalreformers______.A．feelreluctanttoreflectonthemselvesB．a(chǎn)reunabletoprovidevaluableworkC．don’tofferconstructivecriticismsD．meetwithharshpersonalattacks33．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaboutthe“assumeyouarewrong”strategy?A．Itwillmakescientificconclusionslessreliable.B．Itcanenhancethepublic’sunderstandingofscience.C．Itmayleadtoanincreaseinthemotivationofscientists.D．Itcanpromoteapositiveinterpretationofcriticisms.34．Accordingtothepassage,whatistheauthormostlikelytoagreeon?A．Nosek’sstrategyhasbeenproventoimprovescientificoutcomesanddecision-making.B．Thescientificcommunityshouldrejectuntestedhypothesestoavoidmisleadingthepublic.C．Nosek’semphasisoncognitivemodestyholdspotentialforcollectiveprogressinscience.D．Scientistsareadvisedtoadoptthesameperspectivestoachievethe“senseofcommunity”.35．______bestfitsthe“assumeyouarewrong”strategy.A．EncouragingbusinessleaderstoalwaystrusttheirinstinctsinmakingdecisionsB．PromotingaculturewhereteachersactivelyseekfeedbacktoimproveteachingC．TrainingpoliticianstobemoredefensiveabouttheirpoliciestoavoidadmittingfaultsD．Advisingjournaliststosticktotheirnarrativesdespiteopposingviews【答案】32．D33．D34．C35．B【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。本文圍繞心理學(xué)教授布萊恩?諾塞克（BrianNosek）提出的“假設(shè)自己錯(cuò)誤”策略展開，探討其在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的意義與爭議。32．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Nastythingshavebeensaidbyandaboutmethodologicalreformers.Fewpeoplelikehavingthevalueoftheirlife’sworkcalledintoquestion.Ontheotherside,fewpeoplearegoodatvoicingcriticismsinkindandconstructiveways.(方法論改革家說了很多難聽的話，也說了很多關(guān)于他們的壞話。很少有人喜歡自己畢生工作的價(jià)值受到質(zhì)疑。另一方面，很少有人善于以善意和建設(shè)性的方式提出批評。)”可知，第三段提到，方法論改革伴隨“frettingandfriction”，具體表現(xiàn)為“Nastythingshavebeensaidbyandaboutmethodologicalreformers”（改革者被他人惡語相向，彼此間也有惡言）。這表明改革者面臨嚴(yán)厲的人身攻擊。故選D項(xiàng)。33．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Assumingyouarerightmightbeamotivatingforce,sustainingtheenormouseffortthatconductingscientificworkrequires.Butitalsomakesiteasytointerpretcriticismsaspersonalattacks.Beginning,instead,fromtheassumptionyouarewrong,acriticismiseasiertointerpretasaconstructivesuggestionforhowtobelesswrong—agoalthatyourcriticprobablyshares.(假設(shè)你是對的，可能是一種激勵(lì)力量，維持進(jìn)行科學(xué)工作所需的巨大努力。但這也很容易將批評解讀為人身攻擊。相反，從假設(shè)你是錯(cuò)的開始，批評更容易被解釋為如何減少錯(cuò)誤的建設(shè)性建議-這可能是你的批評者的共同目標(biāo)。)”可知，第四段指出，假設(shè)自己錯(cuò)誤能將批評視為“constructivesuggestionforhowtobelesswrong(建設(shè)性改進(jìn)建議)”，而非人身攻擊。這與積極解讀批評的策略一致。故選D項(xiàng)。34．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Despitetheseworries,IlikeNosek’ssuggestionbecauseitbuildsincognitivehumilityalongwithasensethatwecandobetter.Italsobuildsinasenseofcommunity—we’reallinthesameboatwhenitcomestofallingshortofgettingthingsright.(盡管存在這些擔(dān)憂，但我喜歡諾塞克的建議，因?yàn)樗⒘苏J(rèn)知上的謙卑，以及我們可以做得更好的感覺。它還建立了一種社區(qū)意識——當(dāng)我們做錯(cuò)事的時(shí)候，我們都在同一條船上。)”可推知，根據(jù)文章，作者最可能同意的觀點(diǎn)是認(rèn)知謙遜有望推動(dòng)科學(xué)集體進(jìn)步。故選C項(xiàng)。35．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Unfortunately,thisstillleavesuswithanuntestedhypothesis:thatassumingoneiswrongcanchangecommunitynormsforthebetter,andultimatelysupportbetterscienceandeven,perhaps,betterdecisionsinlife.Idon’tknowifthat’strue.Infact,Ishouldprobablyassumethatit’swrong.Butwiththebenefitofthescientificcommunityandourbestmethodologicaltools,Ihopewecangetitlesswrong,together.(不幸的是，這仍然給我們留下了一個(gè)未經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)的假設(shè)：假設(shè)一個(gè)人是錯(cuò)的，可以使社會規(guī)范變得更好，并最終支持更好的科學(xué)，甚至可能是更好的生活決策。我不知道這是不是真的。事實(shí)上，我應(yīng)該假設(shè)這是錯(cuò)的。但是有了科學(xué)界和我們最好的方法論工具的幫助，我希望我們能一起減少錯(cuò)誤。)”可推知，“assumeyouarewrong”策略的核心是主動(dòng)接納批評、尋求改進(jìn)。選項(xiàng)B中教師通過反饋優(yōu)化教學(xué)，體現(xiàn)了這一理念。故選B項(xiàng)。

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Lifehappensandpeoplemoveforwork,relationshipsorachangeofscenery.However,yourmovingawaydoesn’tmeanyouhavetodriftapart.36Thebestwaytokeepintouchistobeonthesamepage.●T