【英語】閱讀理解(教育文化)練習一、高中英語閱讀理解教育文化類1．閱讀理解

Limitingkids'recreational(消遣的)screentimetolessthantwohoursaday,alongwithenoughsleepandphysicalactivity,isassociatedwithimprovedcognition(認知),accordingtoastudypublishedinTheLancetChild&AdolescentHealth.

Thestudyincludedabout4,500USchildrenaged8to11andmeasuredtheirhabitsagainsttheCanadian24-HourMovementGuidelinesforChildrenandYouth.Itfoundthat51%ofthechildrengottherecommended(建議)ninetoelevenhoursofuninterruptedsleeppernight,37%mettherecreationalscreentimelimitoftwohoursorlessperday,while18%metthephysicalactivityrecommendationofatleast60minutesofaccumulatedphysicalactivityaday.Only5%ofthechildreninthestudymetallthreerecommendations;30%metnoneatall.

Theresearchersfoundthataseachrecommendationwasmetbyaparticipant,therewasapositiveassociationwithglobalcognition,whichincludesmemory,attention,processingspeedandlanguage.Thosewhometallthreehadthemost"superior"globalcognition,followedbythosemeetingthesleepandscreentimerecommendationandfinallythescreentimerecommendationalone,accordingtothestudy.

Otherorganizations,suchastheAmericanAcademyofPediatricshaveguidelinesinplacetohelpwiththemanagementofchildren'sscreentime.Theorganizationsuggestsputtingrealisticrulesorlimitsinplaceforhowlongyourchildrenareontheirscreens,knowingwhotheyaretalkingtoandwhattheyaredoing.Theamountofrecommendedscreentimedependsontheageofthechild.Besides,parentsshouldalsomakesuretoencouragephysicalactivityandhavebedroomrulessuchascreating"tech-freezones".（1）Whoarethetargetreadersofthispassage?A.Researchers.B.Teachers.C.Parents.D.Children.（2）Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Astudyonchildren'sscreentimeispublished.B.TheUSchildrenfailtomeetmovementguidelines.C.Organizationsareconcernedaboutchildren'scognition.D.Limitationonchildren'sscreentimeislinkedtobettercognition.（3）Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmightcontributeleasttocognition?A.Thescreentimelimit.B.Sleephours.C.Thephysicalactivitytime.D.Sleephoursandthescreentimelimit.（4）WhydoestheAmericanorganizationsuggestcreating"tech-freezones"?A.Tomakesurechildrenhaveenoughphysicalplaytime.B.Tomakesurechildrenhaveenoughsleeptime.C.Tomakesurechildrenhaverecreationaltime.D.Toprotectchildrenagainstradiation.【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，建議父母們要把孩子的屏幕消遣時間限制在2小時之內(nèi)、保證孩子有足夠的睡眠和鍛煉，因為這樣做可以讓孩子有更好的認知能力。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Limitingkids'recreational(消遣的)screentimetolessthantwohoursaday,alongwithenoughsleepandphysicalactivity,isassociatedwithimprovedcognition(認知),accordingtoastudypublishedinTheLancetChild&AdolescentHealth.”可知，本文主要建議父母們要把孩子的屏幕消遣時間限制在2小時之內(nèi)、保證孩子有足夠的睡眠和鍛煉，這樣做可以讓孩子有更好的認知能力。所以本文的目標讀者是父母們，而不是研究人員、老師或兒童。故選C。（2）考查主旨大意。本文主要建議父母們要把孩子的屏幕消遣時間限制在2小時之內(nèi)、保證孩子有足夠的睡眠和鍛煉。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thosewhometallthreehadthemost'superior'globalcognition…”告訴父母們?nèi)绻麄冞@樣做可以讓孩子有更好的認知能力。故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thosewhometallthreehadthemost'superior'globalcognition,followedbythosemeetingthesleepandscreentimerecommendationandfinallythescreentimerecommendationalone,accordingtothestudy.”可知，滿足三個要求的人認知能力最好，接下來是滿足睡眠時間以及屏幕消遣限制時間，最后是滿足屏幕消遣限制時間。據(jù)此推斷，體育鍛煉對認知能力影響最小。故選C。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Besides,parentsshouldalsomakesuretoencouragephysicalactivityandhavebedroomrulessuchascreating'tech-freezones'.”可知,theAmericanAcademyofPediatrics建議父母們給孩子設(shè)立睡眠規(guī)則，例如“tech-freezones”，目的是確保孩子在臥室里有足夠的睡眠時間。故選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

Theendoftheyearisdrawingnear,andwinterisinfullswing.Theseasonbringsalongwithitstrongwindsandsnow—anenvironmentthat'snevercomfortabletobein.

Thisunpleasantandevenfrighteningaspectofwintercanoftenbeseeninliterature.InShakespeare'sKingLear(1606),thekinghasgivenawayhiskingdomandbeenrejectedbyhistwoungratefuldaughters.Heisoutinthewintercold，sufferingthingsthatareusuallyreservedforthepoorestandmostunfortunatehumanbeings.

ThewinterisbadenoughforLear，butbeingabandonedbyhisfamilyisworse.AsongfromanotherShakespeareplay,AsYouLikeIt(1599),isfittingforthispooroldman'ssituation:"Blow,blow,thouwinterwind/Thouartnotsounkind/Asma'singratitude(忘恩負義)".Here,winterisusedtobringouttheuglinessofinhumanity(無人性).Therearen'tmanythingsthatareworsethanwinter,accordingtoShakespeare.

Oncewinterbecamelessofathreattohumanbeings,literaryworksfeaturingitbecamemorepositive.SinceCharlesDickens,therepresentationoftheseasoninliteraturehasoftenfeaturedhappyChristmascelebrations.

Thecoldofthewinterweatherprovidesacontrasttothefungoingonindoors.

Dickens'AChristmasCarol(1843)wasthestartofthis,butChristmasisstillacommon,cheeryelement(元素)instoriesthatfeaturewinterscenestoday.ConsiderthejoyfeltbyHarryPotterandhisfriendsinJ.K.Rowling'sHarryPotterandthePhilosopher'sStone(1997)astheysitdownfortheirfestivemeal：

"HarryhadneverinallhislifehadsuchaChristmasdinner.Ahundredfat，roastturkeys;mountainsofroastandboiledpotatoes;plattersofchipolatas;tureensofbutteredpeas,silverboatsofthick,richgravyandcranberrysauce".

Itisalmostasmuchapleasuretoreadaboutthemealasitmighthavebeentoeatit.

Althoughwinterstillisn'tthemostcheerfulseasoninnovelsandpoems,it'ssafetosaythatwritershavecertainly"warmedup"sinceShakespeare'sdays.（1）What'stheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthisarticle?A.Torecommendsomewinterstoriesinliterature.B.Toexplainwhatwinterislikeinliteraryworks.C.Todescribecertaincustomsthatarerelatedtowinter.D.Totelluswhywinterisdescribedasunpleasantinliterature.（2）WhatcanwelearnfromShakespeare'sworks?A.Shakespearedidn'tlikewinterforitsbadweather.B.KingLearwasforcedtogiveupbeingakinginacoldwinter.C.It'sinwinterwhenKingLeardrovehistwodaughtersoff.D.Winteriscomparedwiththeuglysideofhumanity.（3）WhydoestheauthormentionCharlesDickensinthepassage?A.Becausealotofhisworksarerelatedtowinter.B.Becauseheisthemostpopularauthorofwinterstories.C.Becausehestartedanewwayofrepresentingwinter.D.Becausehisworksmakepeoplefeelcheerfulinwinter.（4）TheexampleofHarryPotterandthePhilosopher'sStoneisusedmainlytoshow

.A.traditionalChristmasfoodmakesthewintercheeryB.ChristmasisstillasymbolofjoyinmodernstoriesC.it'sapleasuretoreadChristmas-relatedbooksinwinterD.winterhasbecomethehappiestseasoninliteraryworks【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了冬季的令人不快甚至是令人恐懼的方面經(jīng)常在文學作品中看到，但隨著時間的推移，文學作品中冬天的含義也在發(fā)生變化。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thisunpleasantandevenfrighteningaspectofwintercanoftenbeseeninliterature”可知，人們經(jīng)常可以在文學中看到冬季的令人不快甚至是令人恐懼的方面。隨后，作者描述了冬天在不同作家的作品中的不同方面?？赏浦?，作者寫本文是為了解釋文學作品中的冬天是什么樣子的。故選B。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Here,winterisusedtobringouttheuglinessofinhumanity(無人性).Therearen'tmanythingsthatareworsethanwinter,accordingtoShakespeare.”可知，在莎士比亞的戲劇《皆大歡喜》中，冬天被用來展現(xiàn)人性的丑陋。莎士比亞認為，沒有什么比冬天更糟糕的了。故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段可知，自狄更斯以來，在文學中這個季節(jié)的表現(xiàn)常常是圣誕快樂的慶?；顒?。由此可知，作者在文中提到查爾斯·狄更斯是因為他開啟了一種描寫冬天的新方式。故選C。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段可知，寒冷的冬季天氣與室內(nèi)的樂趣形成了對比。再根據(jù)第六段第二句話可知，在J.K.Rowling的《哈利?波特與魔法石》中，哈利?波特和他的朋友們在享用圣誕大餐時是快樂的。作者通過這個例子說明在現(xiàn)代故事中圣誕節(jié)仍然是快樂的象征。故選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

Parentswhohavebooksinthehomeincreasethelevelofeducationtheirchildrenwillattain(獲得),whetherrichorpoor,accordingtoa20-yearstudyledbyMariahEvans.

Foryears,educatorshavethoughtthestrongestpredictor(預示物)ofattaininghighlevelsofeducationwashavingparentswhowerehighlyeducated.But,thestudyshowedthatthedifferencebetweenbeingraisedinabooklesshomecomparedtobeingraisedinahomewitha500-booklibraryhasasgreataneffectonthelevelofeducationachildwillattainasthedifferencebetweenhavingparentswhoarebarelyliterate(有文化的)andhavingparentswhohaveauniversityeducation.

Beingasociologist,Evanswasparticularlyinterestedtofindthatchildrenofless-educatedparentsbenefitthemostfromhavingbooksinthehome.Whatkindsofinvestmentsshouldwemaketohelpthesekidsgetahead?Theresultsofthisstudyindicatethatgettingsomebooksintotheirhomesisaninexpensivewaythatwecanhelpthesechildrensucceed.Evanssaid,"Evenalittlebitgoesalongway.Havingasfewas20booksinthehomestillhasasignificantimpactonmotivatingachildtoahigherlevelofeducation,andthemorebooksyouadd,thegreaterbenefitthechildrenget."

Theresearcherswerestruckbythestrongeffecthavingbooksinthehomehadonchildren'seducationalattainmentevenaboveandbeyondsuchfactorsaseducationleveloftheparents,thefather'soccupationortheeconomiclevelofthecountry.

Havingbooksinthehomeistwiceasimportantasthefather'seducationlevel,andmoreimportantthanwhetherachildwasbroughtupinadevelopingcountryoradevelopedcountry.Surprisingly,thedifferenceineducationalattainmentforchildrenborninadevelopedcountryandchildrenborninadevelopingcountrywasjust2years,lessthantwo-thirdsoftheeffectthathaving500ormorebooksinthehomehadonchildren.（1）Inthepasteducatorsheldapointofviewthat______.A.

childrenwhosefamilyhadalibrarywouldpossiblyattainhighlevelsofeducationB.

childrenwhowereborninpoorfamiliesstudiedharderthanthoseinrichfamiliesC.

childrenwhoseparentsarehighlyeducatedwouldattainhighlevelsofeducationD.

parents'levelofeducationhadnothingtodowiththeirchildren'slevelsofeducation（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"motivating"inParagraph3mean?A.

Makingsomebodywanttodosomething.B.

HelpingsomebodytofinishsomethingC.

Makingsomebodypretendtodosomething.D.

Preventingsomebodyfromachievingsomething.（3）Whichofthefollowinghasthemostimportanteffectonthelevelofeducationachildwillgain?A.

Theeconomiclevelofthecountry.

B.

Thefather'soccupation.C.

Educationlevelsofparents.

D.

Havingbooksinthehome.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，分析了影響孩子教育水平的因素，告訴我們家里有書對孩子的重要性勝于家長受過高等教育的影響。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Foryears,educatorshavethoughtthestrongestpredictor(預示物)ofattaininghighlevelsofeducationwashavingparentswhowerehighlyeducated”.多年來，教育工作者一直認為，預示孩子能獲取高教育水平的最強的因素莫過于有受過高等教育的父母”?？芍^去教育家們認為受過高等教育的父母的孩子將獲得高水平的教育。故選C。（2）考查詞義猜測。文章第二、三段一直說家中有書對孩子的積極影響。再根據(jù)第三段中的“Evenalittlebitgoesalongway....thegreaterbenefitthechildrenget”即使是一點點書，也能大有幫助......你家的書越多，孩子得到的好處就越大?！笨芍?，書對孩子有很大影響。所以劃線詞的句子“Havingasfewas20booksinthehomestillhasasignificantimpactonmotivatingachildtoahigherlevelofeducation”這句話是說“即使家里只有20本書，在激勵孩子接受更高層次的教育方面仍然有很大的影響”。所以，家中有書可以激勵孩子獲得更高層次的教育水平。由此可推斷出劃線詞的意思是“使某人想做某事”。故選A。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Theresearcherswerestruckbythestrongeffecthavingbooksinthehomehadonchildren'seducationalattainmentevenaboveandbeyondsuchfactorsaseducationleveloftheparents,thefather'soccupationortheeconomiclevelofthecountry.”研究者們感到震驚的是，在家里看書對孩子的受教育程度的影響甚至超過了父母的受教育程度、父親的職業(yè)或國家的經(jīng)濟水平等因素的影響。故選D。【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和詞義猜測兩個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準確掌握細節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行推理，歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

Abouttwomonthsago,XingYanstartedexperiencinginsomniaforthefirsttime.

"Itdevelopedsuddenly.Iwasunderheavypressurefromworkatthetime.Icouldnotfallasleepatallatnight,andwaswideawakeuntildawn.Itriednottothinkofthethingsthatweretroublingmeandforgetthem,butthethoughtsquicklyreturned,makingitevenharderformetofallasleep,"saidthebankemployeefromFushun,Liaoningprovince.

Beforetheinsomniadeveloped,Xinghadregularlyexperiencedlessseriousrelateddisorders,suchastakingalongtimetofallasleep.Hebelieveshistendencytoworrymaybethecauseofhisinsomnia.

Inadditiontofeelingtiredduringtheday,Xingfeelsheisexperiencingthephysicalconsequencesofinsomnia,suchasanunexplainedstomachache.

"IbecameveryfrightenedwhenIrealizedIcouldnotsleepeveryday,"saidthe40-year-old,whohasbeenadmittedtoPekingUniversitySixthHospitalinBeijingfortreatment."Imayberuinedifthissituationcontinues."

Inanattempttoovercomehisproblem,Xingplanstostrictlyfollowtheadviceofhisdoctor,suchasgettingupandgoingtobedatfixedtimes,andtakingmedication.

SunHongqiang,directoroftheSleepMedicineCenteratthehospital,saidhisteamhasseenaconstantriseinthenumberofpatientswithsleepingdisordersinrecentyears.

Despiteseeingabout100patientseveryday,the12doctorsatthecenterareunabletomeetdemand,whichmeansmanypatientsendurealongwaitbeforetheycanconsultaphysician,accordingtoSun.

"Globally,theincidenceofsleepdisordersisrising,"hesaid."InChina,about30percentofthepopulationhassleepdisorders,whilearound10percentfrequentlyexperienceinsomnia."

Itisunclearwhatisbehindtheriseinthenumberofpeoplewithsleepdisorders,buttheproblemmaybelinkedwithfactorssuchaspersonality,brain-relatedillnessesanddisturbedlifestyles,headded.（1）Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedword"insomnia"?A.Beingunabletosleep.B.Stayinguplate.C.Lowsleepquality.D.Takingalongtimetofallasleep.（2）What'sXing'soccupation?A.Adoctor.B.Abankemployee.C.AstudentfromPekingUniversity.D.Aphysician.（3）WhatcanbeinferredfromSunHongqiang'swords?A.About30%oftheChinesesufferfrominsomnia.B.Doctorsaretoobusytoseepeoplewithinsomnia.C.Physiciansareinhighdemandinthebattleagainstinsomnia.D.Thecausesofinsomniaincludebrain-relatedillnessesanddisturbedlifestyles.（4）Whatcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.Insomnia—AterriblediseaseB.Insomnia—AnincreasingincidentC.Doctors—IngreatdemandD.Sleepdisorder—Aconstantphenomenon【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文為一篇記敘文，講述了遼寧撫順的銀行員工邢燕的失眠及治療經(jīng)歷，說明了目前全球范圍內(nèi)睡眠障礙的問題。（1）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的“Icouldnotfallasleepatallatnight,andwaswideawakeuntildawn.”我整夜睡不著覺，一直醒到天亮，可知，邢燕第一次經(jīng)歷了失眠。由此猜測insomnia意為“失眠”。故選A。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“saidthebankemployeefromFushun,Liaoningprovince.”可知，邢燕是一名遼寧撫順的銀行員工。故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“Despiteseeingabout100patientseveryday,the12doctorsatthecenterareunabletomeetdemand,whichmeansmanypatientsendurealongwaitbeforetheycanconsultaphysician,accordingtoSun.”可知，盡管每天約有100名患者就診，但該中心的12名醫(yī)生仍無法滿足需求。由此推知，治療失眠的醫(yī)生的需求很高。故選C。（4）考查主旨大意。結(jié)合文章可知，全球范圍內(nèi)，睡眠障礙的發(fā)病率正在上升。在中國，大約30%的人有睡眠障礙，大約10%的人經(jīng)常失眠。故選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測，推理判斷和主旨大意四個題型的考查，是一篇健康類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

Howdoyouspendyourtime？Togetit,PaulT.Rankinaskedsixty-eightindividualstokeepanaccurate,detailedrecordofwhattheydideveryminuteoftheirwakinghours.Hediscoveredthat70percentoftheirwakingtimewasspentononethingonly-communication.PutthatevidencealongsidetheresearchfindingsuncoveredbytheHumanEngineeringLaboratories,theydiscoveredthat,vocabulary,morethananyotherfactoryetknown,predictsfinancialsuccess.Newwordsmakeusbetterthinkersaswellascommunicators.Whatbetterreasonforbeginningrightnowtoextendyourvocabulary？Buthow？

Hybrid(雜交產(chǎn)生的)corncombinesthebestqualitiesofseveralvarietiestoensuremaximumproductivity.Ahybridapproachtovocabularyshould,inthesameway,ensuremaximumresults.That'swhyyoushouldusetheCPDformula.

ThroughContext.Whenstudentsinacollegeclasswereaskedwhatshouldbedonewhentheycameacrossanunknownwordintheirreading,84percentsaid,"Lookitupinthedictionary."Ifyoudo,however,youshort-circuittheverymentalprocessesneededtomakeyoureffortsmostproductive.

Butthere'sanotherreason.Supposesomeoneasksyouwhattheword"fast"means.Youanswer,"speedyorswift".Butdoesitmeanthatinsuchcontextas"fastcolor"or"fastfriend"？Andifahorseisfast,isitsecurelytiedorgallopingattopspeed？Itcouldbeeither.Italldepends.Onthedictionary？No,onthecontext.Afterall,thereareovertwentydifferentmeaningsfor"fast"inthedictionary.Butthedictionarydoesn'ttellyouwhichmeaningisintended.That'swhyitmakessuchgoodsensetobeginwithcontext.

ThroughWordParts.Nowforthenextstep.Oftenunfamiliarwordscontainoneormoreparts,which,ifrecognized,providedefinitehelpwithmeaning.Taketheword"monolithic"forexample.Trytoseparatetheparts.Thereistheprefixmono-,meaning"one",andtheroot-lith,meaning"stone".Finally,there'sthesuffix-ic,meaning"consistingof".Thosethreepartsadduptothisdefinition："consistingofonestone".

Tospeedupyouruseofwordparts,youwillbeintroducedtothefourteenmostimportantwordsintheEnglishlanguage.Theprefixandrootelementsinthosefewwordsarefoundinover14,000words.Withthoseamazinglyusefulshortcuts,youcanbuildupvocabulary,notatasnail'space,onewordatatime,butingiantleaps,uptoathousandwordsatatime.

ThroughtheDictionary.Nowyoucanseewhyyoushouldconsultthedictionarylast,notfirst.You'velookedcarefullyatthecontext.You'velookedforfamiliarwordparts.NowyouplaySherlockHomes.Inlightofcontextorwordparts,youtrytosolveamystery.Whatexactlydoesthatstrangewordmean?Onlyafteryougothroughthementalgymnasticstocomeupwithatentative（不確定的）definitionshouldyouopenthedictionarytoseeifyou'reright.

Youarenowpersonallyinvolved.Yourincreasedinterestwillleadtoabettermemoryofbothwordandmeaning.Italsoencouragesyourdevelopmentofthehabitsneededtoaccelerateyourprogress.Andwhenyouseeinblackandwhitethedefinitionyouhadexpected,whatafeelingofaccomplishmentisyours.Inthatway,theCPDFormulaprovidestheexactapproachesformaximumeffectiveness.

Well,thereitis,yournewformula-Context,Parts,Dictionary.Useit!Theresultswillbelikethemoneyinthebank.（1）TheresearchfindingsoftheHumanEngineeringLaboratoriesshowthat______.A.intelligenceandvocabulariesarecloselyrelatedB.incomeandvocabulariesarecloselyrelatedC.peopleoflargevocabulariesareboundtosucceedinthefutureD.vocabularyisofgreatimportancetoastudent'sacademicperformance（2）Whatwouldmostcollegestudentsdowhilecomingacrossanunfamiliarword？______A.Seekhelpfromothers.B.Inferthemeaningthroughcontext.C.Lookforfamiliarwordparts.D.Consultthedictionary.（3）Whatdoes"monolingual"meanaccordingtothepassage？______A.Involvingonlyonelanguage.B.Usingtwolanguages.C.Speakingorusingmanylanguages.D.Involvingmorethanonelanguage.（4）Thispassageismeanttoteachreadershowto______.A.usethedictionaryB.buildupvocabularythroughcontextC.extendvocabularywiththehelpofdictionariesD.enlargevocabularybymeansoftheCPDformula【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了通過CPD公式擴大詞匯量的幾種方法：分析詞匯的組成部分,增加詞匯部分的使用,通過字典查閱詞匯的意義和用法,真心喜歡和使用詞匯。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“theydiscoveredthat,vocabulary,morethananyotherfactoryetknown,predictsfinancialsuccess”他們發(fā)現(xiàn),詞匯,而非其他你所知道的因素,預測了金融方面的成功)可知人類工程實驗室的研究結(jié)果表明：金融與詞匯密切相關(guān)，故選B。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Whenstudentsinacollegeclasswereaskedwhatshouldbedonewhentheycameacrossanunknownwordintheirreading,84percentsaid,"Lookitupinthedictionary”當大學生被問到閱讀遇到生詞該怎么辦時,84%的人都說去查字典，可知當遇到一個不熟悉的單詞時,大多數(shù)大學生會查閱字典。故選D。（3）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第五段中的“Thereistheprefixmono-,meaning‘one’,andtheroot-lith,meaning‘stone’.Finally,there'sthesuffix-ic,meaning‘consistingof’.Thosethreepartsadduptothisdefinition：‘consistingofonestone’”前綴mono-,意思是一個；詞根lith意思是石頭；后綴-ic意思是組成。這三個部分共同達這樣的意思：由一種石頭組成)故可推測monolingual的意思是：只有一種語言。故選A。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"thereitis,yournewformula-Context,Parts,Dictionary.Useit!Theresultswillbelikethemoneyinthebank.”好了,你的新CPD,使用它,結(jié)果就像存在銀行里的錢一樣，可推測文章的主要目的是鼓勵讀者通過CPD公式擴大詞匯量。故選D?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Incollegesaroundthecountry,moststudentsarealsoworkers.

Therealityofcollegecanbeprettydifferentfromtheimagespresentedinmoviesandtelevision.Insteadofthestudentswhowakeuplate,partyallthetime,andstudyonlybeforeexams,manycollegesarefullofstudentswithpressingschedulesofnotjustclassesandactivities,butrealjobs,too.

Thisisn'tatemporaryphenomenon.Theshareofworkingstudentshasbeenontherisesincethe1970s,andone-fifthofstudentsworkyearround.Aboutone-quarterofthosewhoworkwhileattendingschoolhavebothafull-courseloadandafull-timejob.Thearrangementcanhelppayfortuition(學費)andlivingcosts,obviously.Andthere'svalueinitbeyondthedirectcause:suchjobscanalsobecriticalfordevelopingimportantprofessionalandsocialskillsthatmakeiteasiertolandajobaftergraduation.Withmanyemployerslookingforstudentswithalready-developedskillsets,on-the-jobtrainingwhileincollegecanbethebestwaytoensureajoblateron.

Butit'snotallupside.Evenfull-timeworkmaynotcompletelycoverthecostoftuitionandlivingexpenses.Thestudynotesthatifastudentworkedafull-timejobatthefederalminimumwage,theywouldearnjustover$15,000eachyear,certainlynotenoughtopayfortuition,room,andboardatmanycollegeswithoutsomeseriousfinancialaid.Thatmeansthatthoughthey'resacrificingtimeawayfromtheclassroom,manyworkingstudentswillstillgraduatewithatleastsomedebt.Andworkingfulltimecanreducethechancethatstudentswillgraduateatall,bycuttingintothetimeavailableforstudyingandattendingclasses.

Thereislittlerewardforattendingbutnotfinishingcollege

Studentswhoendupleavingschoolbecauseofdifficultyinmanagingworkandclassarelikelytofindthemselvesstuckinsomeofthesamejobstheymighthavegotteniftheyhadn'tgoneatall.Thedifficultyofworkingtoomuchwhileinschoolcancreateacyclethatpushesstudentsfurtherintodebtwithoutreceivinganyofthefinancialorcareerbenefits.（1）Accordingtothepassage,therealityofcollegestudentsisthat________.A.theythrowpartiesalotB.theystayuplateeverynightC.theyworkbesidesattendingclassesD.theypaynoattentiontoexams（2）Whatistheindirectcauseofanincreasingnumberofworkingstudents?A.Theneedofdevelopingsocialnetworks.B.Thelackofsummerjobsforyoungadults.C.Thechanceoffindingajobaftergraduation.D.Theexpensesofhightuitionandlivingcosts.（3）Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat_________.A.workingstudentsaremorelikelytofinishcollegeB.studentscancovertheircollegeexpensesthroughworkingC.studentsreceiveahugerewardformanagingworkandclassD.workingwhileattendingschoolmaynothelpstudentsgetcareerbenefits（4）Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheDifficultiesofLandingaJobB.TheStruggleofWork-SchoolBalanceC.TheRewardofWorkingWhileStudyingD.TheImagesofWorkingCollegeStudents【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）D（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，講述大學生在校期間學習和工作平衡的利與弊。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Incollegesaroundthecountry,moststudentsarealsoworkers.和第二段中manycollegesarefullofstudentswithpressingschedulesofnotjustclassesandactivities,butrealjobs,too.”可知，在大學里面，多數(shù)的學生也是工人。他們既要忙于學習和參加活動又要忙著工作。故選C。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Withmanyemployerslookingforstudentswithalready-developedskillsets,on-the-jobtrainingwhileincollegecanbethebestwaytoensureajoblateron.”可知，很多老板聘用具備成熟技能的學生，大學期間的工作培訓可能是以后找工作的最好方法。這是大學生參加工作的間接原因，故選C。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Thedifficultyofworkingtoomuchwhileinschoolcancreateacyclethatpushesstudentsfurtherintodebtwithoutreceivinganyofthefinancialorcareerbenefits.”在校期間工作太多可能對學生的財務和職業(yè)發(fā)展并無益處。故選D。（4）考查主旨大意?？v觀全文可知，本文講述大學生在校期間工作均衡的利與弊。TheStruggleofWork-SchoolBalance“在校期間學習工作平衡的沖突”概括了全文內(nèi)容，適合作為標題。故選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

Whatdopeopleintheoutsideworlddowhentheywanttolearnsomething?Theygotosomebodywhoknowsaboutit,andaskhim.Theydonotgotosomebodywhoissupposedtoknowabouteverything—except,whentheyareveryyoung,totheirparents:andtheyspeedilybecomedissatisfiedwiththatvarietyofknowledge.Theygotosomebodywhomightreasonablyexpectedtoknowabouttheparticularthingtheyareinterestedin.Whenamanbuysamotor-car,hedoesnotsaytohimself:"WherecanIfindsomebodywhocanteachmehowtorunamotorcar?"HedoesnotlookinthetelephonedirectoryunderT.Hejustgetsanexperienceddrivertoteachhim.Hejustpaysattentionandasksquestionsandtriestodothethinghimself,untilhelearns.

Butthiscase,ofcourse,assumesaninterestofthepupilinthesubject,awillingnessandevenadesiretolearnaboutit,afeelingthatthematterisofsomeimportancetohimself.Andcometothinkofit,thesemotivesaregenerallypresentinthelearningthatgoesonintheoutsideworld.Itisonlyinschoolthatthepupilisexpectedtobeunwillingtolearn.

Whenyouwereachild,andpassedthedoorofthevillageblacksmith(鐵匠)shop,andlookedin,dayafterday,youadmiredhisskill,andstoodinaweofhisstrength;andifhehadofferedtoletyoublowthebellowsforhimandshownyouhowtomakeared-hotpenny,thatwouldhavebeenaproudmoment.Itwouldalsohavebeenaneducationalone.Butsupposetherehadbeenanewshopsetupinthetown,andwhenyoulookedinattheopendooryousawamanatworkpaintingapicture;andsupposeabellrangjustthen,andthemanstoppedpaintingrightinthemiddleofabrush-stroke,andstartedtoreadaloud“HowTheyBroughttheGoodNewsfromGhenttoAix";andsupposewhenhe