高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1廣東省深圳市部分學(xué)校2024-2025學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)試題第一部分單項(xiàng)填空(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。1.Thebusinessmanfoundedthecharity________memoryofhislatewife,whohadengaged________manyactivitiestohelpthoseinneed.A.by;with B.at;at C.in;in D.on;for【答案】C【詳析】考查固定短語(yǔ)。句意：這位商人創(chuàng)辦了這個(gè)慈善機(jī)構(gòu)以紀(jì)念他已故的妻子，她生前參加了許多幫助有需要的人的活動(dòng)?！癷nmemoryof”是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“為了紀(jì)念……”；“engagein”也是固定搭配，意思是“參加，從事”。所以第一空填“in”，第二空填“in”，故選C。2.Atthattimethefireswereburningoutof________controlinthemountain,whichleft________impressiononus.A.a;an B.the;the C.不填;an D.a;不填【答案】C【詳析】考查冠詞。句意：當(dāng)時(shí)山上的大火已經(jīng)失控，這給我們留下了深刻的印象。outofcontrol“失控”，是固定搭配，中間不需要加冠詞，因此第一個(gè)空不填冠詞。固定搭配leaveanimpressiononsb.意為“給某人留下印象”，所以第二個(gè)空應(yīng)填an。故選C。3.Nowadays,peopleliveinanage________moreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.A.where B.which C.that D.when【答案】D【詳析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：如今，人們生活在一個(gè)比以往任何時(shí)候都更容易獲得更多信息的時(shí)代?？仗幰龑?dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是age，表示“時(shí)代”，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)該用關(guān)系副詞when來(lái)引導(dǎo)該定語(yǔ)從句。故選D。4.The________ofsomethingisthejudgementoropinionaboutthevalueorqualityofsb/sth.A.estimation B.heritage C.emphasis D.welfare【答案】A【詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：對(duì)某事物的“estimation”就是對(duì)某人或某物的價(jià)值或質(zhì)量的判斷或意見。A.estimation判斷，估計(jì)，評(píng)價(jià)；B.heritage遺產(chǎn)，傳統(tǒng)；C.emphasis重點(diǎn)，強(qiáng)調(diào)；D.welfare福利，幸福。根據(jù)空后的“thejudgementoropinionaboutthevalueorqualityofsb/sth(對(duì)某人或某物的價(jià)值或質(zhì)量的判斷或意見)”可知，這里描述的是estimation(判斷；評(píng)價(jià))的含義。故選A。5.________shebecameanartistmayhavebeenduetoherfather’sinfluence.A.That B.What C.Who D.Where【答案】A【詳析】考查主語(yǔ)從句。句意：她成為一名藝術(shù)家可能是由于她父親的影響?！癬_______shebecameanartist”是一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句，從句中不缺少成分，句意完整，故應(yīng)用只起連接作用的that引導(dǎo)。故選A。6.Bruce________atthistimelastyear,andnowhe’sbeenanengineerinthecompanyforawholeyear.A.wasinterviewing B.hadbeeninterviewed C.interviewed D.wasbeinginterviewed【答案】D【詳析】考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：布魯斯去年這個(gè)時(shí)候正在接受面試，現(xiàn)在他已經(jīng)在公司當(dāng)了一整年的工程師了。設(shè)空處為謂語(yǔ)，根據(jù)“atthistimelastyear”可知，這里強(qiáng)調(diào)的是過(guò)去某個(gè)具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“was/were+being+過(guò)去分詞”，主語(yǔ)Bruce，be動(dòng)詞用was，故選D。7.Isuggestyoushouldnot________yourfathertonight,forhe’sgotalotonhismind.A.repay B.bother C.assist D.expose【答案】B【詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我建議你今晚不要打擾你的父親，因?yàn)樗睦镉泻芏嗍?。A.repay償還，報(bào)答；B.bother打擾，煩擾；C.assist協(xié)助，幫助；D.expose暴露，揭露。根據(jù)后文“forhe’sgotalotonhismind(因?yàn)樗睦镉泻芏嗍?”可知，父親現(xiàn)在心思多、可能比較煩躁，所以這里是說(shuō)不要去打擾他。bother表示“打擾，煩擾”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。8.Withabook________infrontofyourface,youcanfeeltheairmovingagainstyourface.A.beingwaved B.iswaving C.iswaved D.havingwaved【答案】A【詳析】考查with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：當(dāng)一本書在你面前揮動(dòng)時(shí)，你可以感覺到空氣在你的臉上移動(dòng)。設(shè)空處為with的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故選A。9.Inthelongrun,itmakessenseforyoutosettledownandfinda(n)________job.A.convincing B.mysterious C.permanent D.organic【答案】C【詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，你安定下來(lái)找一份固定的工作是有意義的。A.convincing有說(shuō)服力的；B.mysterious神秘的；C.permanent永久的，固定的；D.organic有機(jī)的。根據(jù)前文“Inthelongrun,itmakessenseforyoutosettledown”可知，這里說(shuō)的是安定下來(lái)找一份固定的工作，permanent表示“永久的，固定的”。故選C。10.________wasn’tuntilweeachwentourseparatewaysthatIbegantolearnhowtodothingsformyself.A.What B.It C.That D.As【答案】B【詳析】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。句意：直到大家各奔東西，我才開始學(xué)著如何自己做事情。此句為not...until的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其他部分。當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人時(shí)，可以用who或that；當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是物或其他情況時(shí)，用that。本句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“untilweeachwentourseparateways”，故選B。11.Asisknowntoall,earlydetectionofcancersis________importantforapotentialpatient.A.vitally B.visually C.optimistically D.gracefully【答案】A【詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：眾所周知，癌癥的早期發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)潛在患者至關(guān)重要。A.vitally極其，至關(guān)重要地；B.visually視覺上，外觀上；C.optimistically樂(lè)觀地；D.gracefully優(yōu)雅地，優(yōu)美地。根據(jù)句意可知是極其，至關(guān)重要地，故選A。12.________didthiswillsoonerorlaterbecaughtandwillbepunished.A.Whenever B.However C.Whoever D.Wherever【答案】C【詳析】考查連接詞辨析。句意：無(wú)論誰(shuí)做了這件事，遲早都會(huì)被抓住并受到懲罰。A.Whenever無(wú)論何時(shí)；B.However無(wú)論如何；C.Whoever無(wú)論誰(shuí)；D.Wherever無(wú)論何地?？崭裉幰龑?dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，且從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，表示“無(wú)論誰(shuí)”，應(yīng)用Whoever引導(dǎo)該主語(yǔ)從句。故選C。13.________togooutalone,theretiredpresidenthadtogoforawalk,followedbyseveralbodyguards.A.Havingwarnednot B.Towarnnot C.Beingnotwarned D.Warnednot【答案】D【詳析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：被警告不要獨(dú)自外出，這位退休的總統(tǒng)不得不帶著幾個(gè)保鏢去散步。本句謂語(yǔ)為hadtogo，此處為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。warn“警告”與主語(yǔ)theretiredpresident之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以要用過(guò)去分詞形式，warnsb.nottodosth.意為“警告某人不要做某事”，其被動(dòng)形式為“sb.bewarnednottodosth.”，這里用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)warnednottogooutalone，作原因狀語(yǔ)。故選D。14.Ifthenewbridgeacrosstheriver________bytheendofnextyearcan’tbeputintouseintime,theconstructioncompanywillbefined.A.tobecompleted B.tobecompleting C.beingcompleted D.havingcompleted【答案】A【詳析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：如果橫跨河流的新橋無(wú)法在明年年底前如期完工并投入使用，承建公司將被處以罰款?？崭裉帪楹笾枚ㄕZ(yǔ)修飾前面的名詞短語(yǔ)thenewbridgeacrosstheriver，complete與被修飾詞bridge之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示“將要被完成”。故選A項(xiàng)。15.Duetothedriver’scarelessness,thecarlostcontroland________atreelastnight.A.turnedout B.crashedinto C.coexistedwith D.spreadto【答案】B【詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：由于司機(jī)的粗心大意，昨晚這輛車失控然后撞上了一棵樹。A.turnedout結(jié)果是，證明是；B.crashedinto撞上，撞到……上；C.coexistedwith與……共存；D.spreadto傳播到，蔓延到。根據(jù)前文“Duetothedriver’scarelessness,thecarlostcontrol(由于司機(jī)的粗心大意，汽車失去了控制)”可知，這里是說(shuō)汽車失控后撞到了樹上，crashedinto有“撞上”的意思，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AEventCalendarTheLastWildPlacesofKansasTime:March7,20255:30pm-6:30pmLocation:SmokyHillMuseumLobby(大廳)Description:Buckleup(系好安全帶)forthisfantasticroadtripwithGeorgeFrazier,authorofTheLastWildPlacesofKansas:JourneysintoHiddenLandscapes.You’lllearnaboutmanyunderappreciated,perhapsunknownplacesinthesunflowerstate.Georgeisasoftwarearchitectandwriterwhoseworkhasappearedinmanymagazines.He’llalsobeonhandtosigncopiesofhisbookafterthepresentation.ContactInformation:NonaMiller;Tel:785-309-5776ViewsoftheWestTime:April3,20255:30pm-6:30pmLocation:SmokyHillMuseumLobbyDescription:ThisprogramisheldbyDr.DanielWildcat,aYuchi(aNativeAmericanpeopleoncelivinginnorthernGeorgiaandeasternTennessee)memberoftheMuscogeeNationofOklahoma.HewillshareaboutthemovementoftheFirstPeoples,theirexperienceofwhatwouldbecomeKansasandtheirinitialcontactswithsettlersmovingwest.ContactInformation:GeorgeWhite;Tel:785-309-5529SortingOutRaceTime:May18,202510:00am-3:30pmLocation:SmokyHillMuseum,CentralGalleryDescription:Everyday,thriftstores(舊貨店)acrossAmericareceivedonationsofobjectsthatshowracial(種族的)imagery.Shouldthriftstoresselltheseobjects,orshouldtheobjectsbe“sortedout”oftheresaleenvironment?Thisexhibitismeanttoheightenawarenessofourcontinuingstruggleswithrace.ContactInformation:JoshuaMorris;Tel:785-309-3960PowertoPeopleTime:June4,20259:00am-11:30amLocation:SmokyHillMuseum,CentralGalleryDescription:TheSmokyHillMuseum’sPowertoPeopleexhibitexaminespopcultureinthe1960sinAmerica.Fromtoys,tomusic,tovideos,manyvisitorscanrelive(回味)the1960sandshareitwiththeyoungergenerations.TestyourknowledgewiththeCultureVulturecompetitionandwatchsomeofyourfavoriteTVshowsandmovies.ContactInformation:LindaGreen;Tel:785-309-126916.Whatnumbercanthoseinterestedinpopcultureaboutsixtyyearsagocall?A.785-309-1269. B.785-309-5529. C.785-309-3960. D.785-309-5776.17.WhatcanparticipantsdoattheeventoftheLastWildPlacesofKansas?A.Sortoutdonationsofobjects. B.Buysomesecond-handthings.C.Answersomehistoryquestions. D.HearaboutunfamiliarplacesinKansas.18.WhowillmainlytalkabouttheFirstPeoplesmovingwest?A.GeorgeWhite. B.DanielWildcat. C.NonaMiller. D.GeorgeFrazier.【答案】16.A17.D18.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個(gè)在SmokyHillMuseum舉辦的活動(dòng)，包括活動(dòng)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、描述以及聯(lián)系方式等信息?！?6題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)PowertoPeople部分“TheSmokyHillMuseum’sPowertoPeopleexhibitexaminespopcultureinthe1960sinAmerica.(斯莫基希爾博物館的“權(quán)力歸人民”展覽審視了20世紀(jì)60代美國(guó)的流行文化)”和“ContactInformation:LindaGreen;Tel:785-309-1269(聯(lián)系方式：琳達(dá)?格林；電話：785-309-1269)”可知，對(duì)60年前流行文化感興趣的人應(yīng)撥打785-309-1269。故選A?！?7題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheLastWildPlacesofKansas部分“You’lllearnaboutmanyunderappreciated,perhapsunknownplacesinthesunflowerstate.(你將了解到在這個(gè)向日葵州許多未被重視的，也許不為人知的地方)”可知，參加者可以在“堪薩斯最后的荒野”活動(dòng)中聽到堪薩斯州一些不熟悉的地方。故選D?！?8題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ViewsoftheWest部分“ThisprogramisheldbyDr.DanielWildcat,aYuchi(aNativeAmericanpeopleoncelivinginnorthernGeorgiaandeasternTennessee)memberoftheMuscogeeNationofOklahoma.HewillshareaboutthemovementoftheFirstPeoples,theirexperienceofwhatwouldbecomeKansasandtheirinitialcontactswithsettlersmovingwest.(這個(gè)項(xiàng)目是由丹尼爾·野貓博士主持的，他是俄克拉何馬州馬斯科基族的Yuchi(曾經(jīng)生活在喬治亞州北部和田納西州東部的美國(guó)原住民)成員。他將分享第一民族的遷徙，他們?cè)诤髞?lái)成為堪薩斯的地方的經(jīng)歷，以及他們與向西遷移的定居者的最初接觸)”可知，DanielWildcat將主要講述原住民西遷的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。故選B。BShe’sasuccessfulbusinesswoman,amemberofarockband,andaWomen’sWorldCupsoccerplayer.Whoisthissuperstar?It’snoneotherthanBarbie,thedoll.Alittlehardtobelievethat,buttheBarbiedollstartedoutasahumanbeing!ShewasBarbaraHandler,thedaughterofRuthandElliotHandler.TheinspirationforBarbiecameintheearly1950s,asRuthwaswatchingherdaughterBarbaraplayingwithpaperdolls.Barbaraandherfriendsusedthedollstoplayadultsorteenagers,imaginingrolesofcollegestudents,cheerleadersandotheradultsforthem.Ruthimmediatelyrecognizedthatexperimentingwiththefuturefromasafedistancethroughplaywasanimportantpartofgrowingup.Becausealltheadultdollsatthetimeweremadeofpaperorcardboard,Ruthdecidedtocreatea3Dadultfemaledoll,onelifelike(栩栩如生的)enoughtoserveasaninspirationforherdaughter’sdreamofherfuture.RuthtookherideatotheaddepartmentatMattelCorp.,thecompanythatsheandherhusbandhadfoundedsomeyearsbefore.Thecommitteerejectedtheideaasitwouldcosttoomuchmoneywithlittlepotential(潛力)formass-marketappeal.ThenRuthreturnedfromatriptoEuropewitha“Lilli”doll,modeledafteracharacterinaGermancomicstrip(連環(huán)漫畫).ShespentsometimedesigningadollsimilartoLilli,andevenhiredadesignertomakerealisticdollclothes.TheresultwastheBarbiedoll,namedinhonoroftheHandlers’daughter,andamodelofthe“girlnextdoor”.MettelfinallyagreedtosupportRuth’sefforts.TheBarbiedoll’sfirststeptothemarketwasattheAmericanToyFairinNewYorkCityin1959.Girlscheeredforthedoll,andBarbiesetanewsalesrecordforMattelinitsfirstyearonthemarket.Sincethen,Barbie’spopularityhasrarelyweakened.Today,withoveronebilliondollssold,theBarbieproductlineisthemostsuccessfulinthehistoryofthetoyindustry.19.WhydidRuthmakeuphermindtocreateadoll?A.Thedollcouldbemadeofpaperorcardboard.B.Thedollcouldbesimilartoakidlikeherdaughter.C.Thedollcouldbelikeasuccessfulbusinesswoman.D.Thedollcouldreflectherdaughter’simageofherfuture.20.WhatcanbelearnedabouttheBarbiedollfromthetext?A.ItwasamodeloftheHandlers’employee.B.ItbecameMattel’sbest-sellingproductin1959.C.ItsdesignerwasonceaWomen’sWorldCupsoccerplayer.D.RuthherselfdesignedandmaderealisticdollclothesforBarbie.21.WhydidthecommitteeofMattelCorp.disagreewithRuth’sideaatfirst?A.Thecompanywastoopoorlymanagedtoinvestintheproduct.B.Thecompanylackedtheequipmenttomaketheproduct.C.Therewasasimilarproductonthemarket.D.Theproductmightnotattractcustomers.22.Whatmightbethethemeofthetext?A.EstablishmentofMattel. B.AppearanceofBarbiedoll.C.RealstorybehindoriginalBarbie. D.Mostsuccessfuldesigner.【答案】19.D20.B21.D22.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了世界著名玩具芭比娃娃(Barbie)誕生的過(guò)程?！?9題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Becausealltheadultdollsatthetimeweremadeofpaperorcardboard,Ruthdecidedtocreatea3Dadultfemaledoll,onelifelike(栩栩如生的)enoughtoserveasaninspirationforherdaughter’sdreamofherfuture.(因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)所有的成人娃娃都是用紙或紙板做的，露絲決定制作一個(gè)3D的成年女性娃娃，一個(gè)足夠逼真的，可以作為她女兒未來(lái)夢(mèng)想的靈感。)”可知，露絲決定制作一個(gè)玩偶是因?yàn)檫@個(gè)玩偶能夠反映她女兒對(duì)未來(lái)的想象。故選D。【20題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“MettelfinallyagreedtosupportRuth’sefforts.TheBarbiedoll’sfirststeptothemarketwasattheAmericanToyFairinNewYorkCityin1959.Girlscheeredforthedoll,andBarbiesetanewsalesrecordforMattelinitsfirstyearonthemarket.(梅特爾最終同意支持露絲的努力。芭比娃娃第一次進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)是在1959年紐約的美國(guó)玩具博覽會(huì)上。女孩們?yōu)榘疟韧尥逇g呼，芭比娃娃在上市的第一年就為美泰公司創(chuàng)造了新的銷售記錄。)”可知，芭比娃娃在1959年成為美泰公司最暢銷的產(chǎn)品。故選B?！?1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thecommitteerejectedtheideaasitwouldcosttoomuchmoneywithlittlepotential(潛力)formass-marketappeal.(委員會(huì)拒絕了這個(gè)想法，因?yàn)樗杀咎?，而且在大眾市?chǎng)上幾乎沒(méi)有吸引力。)”可知，美泰公司的委員會(huì)一開始不同意露絲的想法是因?yàn)檫@個(gè)產(chǎn)品可能吸引不了顧客。故選D?！?2題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)通讀全文，尤其是第一段中的“Alittlehardtobelievethat,buttheBarbiedollstartedoutasahumanbeing!ShewasBarbaraHandler,thedaughterofRuthandElliotHandler.(有點(diǎn)難以置信，但芭比娃娃一開始是人類！她就是芭芭拉·漢德勒，露絲和埃利奧特·漢德勒的女兒。)”可知，文章主要講述了芭比娃娃最初是以露絲的女兒芭芭拉為原型，露絲受到女兒玩紙娃娃的啟發(fā)，決定制作一個(gè)成年女性玩偶，她根據(jù)一個(gè)德國(guó)連環(huán)漫畫中的角色“莉莉”設(shè)計(jì)出了芭比娃娃，并取得了巨大成功，所以文章的主題是原始芭比背后的真實(shí)故事。故選C。CTheterm“Pygmalioneffect”wascoined(創(chuàng)造新詞)inreferencetostudiesdoneinthe1960sontheinfluenceofteacherexpectationsonstudents’IQs.Thestudiesaskedifteachershadhighexpectations,wouldthoseexpectationsbecomeself-fulfillingprophecies(預(yù)言)regardlessofinitialIQs?Inthatparticularcase,yearsofdebateandanalysishaveresultedintheconclusionthattheeffectswereslight.However,theconceptofthePygmalioneffect—expectationsinfluencingperformanceandbecomingself-fulfillingprophecies—iswidespread.Manypeoplehavestoriesofachievingsomethingjustbecausesomeonehadespeciallyhighexpectationsofthem.ThePygmalioneffectsuggestsourrealityisnegotiableandcanbeinfluencedbyothers—onpurposeorbyaccident.Whatweachieve,howwethink,howweact,andhowweperceiveourcapabilitiescanbeaffectedbytheexpectationsofthosearoundus.AninterestinguseofthePygmalioneffectmightbethatwhichissuggestedbyGeorgeBernardShaw’splayPygmalion.Init,ProfessorHenryHigginstakesapoorflowersellerfromthestreets,ElizaDoolittle,andbygivingherlessonshelpshersoundlikeaduchess(公爵夫人).Beingabletospeaklikeamemberoftheupperclassesismeanttoopendoorsandgiveheropportunitiesthatshewouldotherwiseneverhave.ElizafinallyappearstobeaduchessasHigginswishes.Theexpectationspeoplehaveofusaffectusincountlesssubtle(微妙的)wayseachday.LikeElizaDoolittle,thoseexpectationsaffecttheopportunitiesweareoffered,howwearespokento,andthepraiseandcriticismwereceive.Individually,thesemayhaveminimalimpact.Inthelongrun,however,theymightdecidewhetherwewillsucceedorfailorfallsomewhereinbetween.ThePygmalioneffectisbestunderstoodasaremindertobemindfulofthepotentialinfluenceofourexpectations.Eveniftheeffectissmall,havinghighexpectationsinmanysituationscanonlyinspireothersregardingtheirowncapabilities.People’slimitationscanbestretchedifyouchangeyourperceptionoftheirlimitations.Alotofwhatweaccomplishinlifeisdoneingroups.Ifyouwantthepeoplearoundyoutohavesuccess,youcantryraisingyourexpectations.Ifyouexpecttheworst,you’llprobablygetit.23.Whatisthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A.Toexplainaconcept. B.Toanalyzestudents’IQs.C.Toemphasizeteachers’expectations. D.Tointroduceself-fulfillingprophecies.24.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofthePygmalioneffect?A.Itcandecreasepeople’sinitialIQs.B.Ittakeseffectonlyinthefieldofeducation.C.Others’expectationscanaffectpeople’sperformance.D.Ourcapabilitiescanonlybeinfluencedbyothers’purposefulexpectations.25.WhydoesProfessorHenryHigginstakethepoorflowersellerfromthestreets?A.Toteachherhowtoappeartobeamemberoftheupperclasses.B.Tointroducehertoaduchesstogiveheropportunities.C.Togiveheradviceonhowtosellherflowerswell.D.Toofferhersomemoneytoassistherfamily.26.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellus?A.Theadvantagesoffittingneatlyintoagroup.B.Thewaysofbeingawareofpeople’slimitations.C.Thebenefitsofhavinghighexpectationsonothers.D.Theconsequencesofnothavingconfidenceinoneself.【答案】23.A24.C25.A26.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了“皮格馬利翁效應(yīng)”的概念、影響及啟示，強(qiáng)調(diào)他人期望對(duì)個(gè)人表現(xiàn)的潛在作用，并倡導(dǎo)積極期待以激發(fā)潛能?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Theterm‘Pygmalioneffect’wascoined(創(chuàng)造新詞)inreferencetostudiesdoneinthe1960sontheinfluenceofteacherexpectationsonstudents’IQs.(‘皮格馬利翁效應(yīng)’一詞是在20世紀(jì)60年代針對(duì)教師期望對(duì)學(xué)生智商影響的研究中創(chuàng)造的)”可知，第一段介紹了“皮格馬利翁效應(yīng)”這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)是如何產(chǎn)生的，以及相關(guān)研究的情況，后面還解釋了在該特定情況下得出的結(jié)論，所以第一段的作用是解釋“皮格馬利翁效應(yīng)”這個(gè)概念。故選A?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“ThePygmalioneffectsuggestsourrealityisnegotiableandcanbeinfluencedbyothers—onpurposeorbyaccident.Whatweachieve,howwethink,howweact,andhowweperceiveourcapabilitiescanbeaffectedbytheexpectationsofthosearoundus.(皮格馬利翁效應(yīng)表明，我們的現(xiàn)實(shí)是可以協(xié)商的，可以受到他人有意或無(wú)意的影響。我們的成就、思維方式、行為方式以及對(duì)自己能力的看法都可能受到周圍人期望的影響)”可知，作者認(rèn)為皮格馬利翁效應(yīng)表明他人的期望會(huì)影響人們的表現(xiàn)。故選C?！?5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Init,ProfessorHenryHigginstakesapoorflowersellerfromthestreets,ElizaDoolittle,andbygivingherlessonshelpshersoundlikeaduchess(公爵夫人).Beingabletospeaklikeamemberoftheupperclassesismeanttoopendoorsandgiveheropportunitiesthatshewouldotherwiseneverhave.ElizafinallyappearstobeaduchessasHigginswishes.(在劇中，亨利·希金斯教授把街頭的貧苦賣花女伊麗莎·杜利特爾帶了過(guò)來(lái)，通過(guò)給她授課，幫助她說(shuō)起話來(lái)像一位公爵夫人。能夠像上層階級(jí)的一員那樣說(shuō)話，意味著為她打開了機(jī)遇之門，給予了她原本永遠(yuǎn)不可能擁有的機(jī)會(huì)。最終，伊麗莎如希金斯所期望的那樣，看起來(lái)就像是一位公爵夫人)”可知，亨利·希金斯教授把街頭的貧苦賣花女帶走是為了教她如何表現(xiàn)得像個(gè)上層階級(jí)的人。故選A?！?6題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段中“ThePygmalioneffectisbestunderstoodasaremindertobemindfulofthepotentialinfluenceofourexpectations.Eveniftheeffectissmall,havinghighexpectationsinmanysituationscanonlyinspireothersregardingtheirowncapabilities.People’slimitationscanbestretchedifyouchangeyourperceptionoftheirlimitations.Alotofwhatweaccomplishinlifeisdoneingroups.Ifyouwantthepeoplearoundyoutohavesuccess,youcantryraisingyourexpectations.(皮格馬利翁效應(yīng)最宜被理解為一種提醒，讓我們留意自己的期望所具有的潛在影響力。即使這種影響很小，在許多情況下，抱有高期望只會(huì)激勵(lì)他人認(rèn)識(shí)到自己的能力。如果你改變對(duì)他人能力局限的看法，那么他們的局限是可以被突破的。我們?cè)谏钪兴〉玫暮芏喑删投际窃趫F(tuán)隊(duì)中完成的。如果你希望身邊的人獲得成功，你可以試著提高自己對(duì)他們的期望)”可知，最后一段主要講述了對(duì)他人抱有高期望的好處。故選C。DMOSCOW—Moscowunveiled(揭幕)athemedmetrotrainonWednesdaytomarkthestartoftheSpringFestival,thetraditionalChineseNewYearaccordingtothelunarcalendar.Speakingataceremonycelebratingthelaunchofthetrain,ChineseAmbassadortoRussiaZhangHanhuinotedthattheSpringFestivalisgainingpopularityinRussia,becominganimportantpartofMoscow’sculturallifeandabrightsymbolofthefriendshipbetweenthetwocountries.“Thetrain,decoratedwithelementsoftheChineseSpringFestival,willattracttheattentionofMuscovites(莫斯科人)andtouristsfromallovertheworld,”theChineseambassadorsaid.“TheywillbeabletoexperiencethecultureofthiswonderfulholidayinanewwayandsharethejoyandgoodfortunethatitbringstotheChinesepeople,”headded.RussianForeignMinistryspokespersonMariaZakharovasaidthisjointprojectiscarriedoutwithintheframeworkoftheChina-RussiaYearsofCulturein2024and2025.“ThephotographsandsymbolsfeaturedonthetrainwillhelpourcitizenslearnmoreaboutChinainanaturalsetting,”shesaid.AccordingtoMoscowDeputyMayorMaximLiksutov,thisuniquemetrotrainservesasasymbolofthegoodrelationsbetweenthetwocountriesandatribute(致敬)totheChinesepeople.ItwillgiveMuscovitesandvisitorstotheRussiancapitalanopportunitytolearnmoreabouttheChinesecultureandthetraditionsoftheChineseNewYear.Thetrainisdecoratedinred,acolorthatsymbolizeshappiness,joy,goodluckandprosperityinChineseculture.Theexteriorisdecoratedwithasnake,thezodiacofthenewyear,aswellasaChinesedragon.Inside,passengerscanenjoyphotographsofNewYearcelebrationsinChina.TheRussiancapitalkickedoff“ChineseNewYearinMoscow”festivalonManezhnayaSquareonTuesday.Theevent,comprisingmanyculturalactivitieswithChinesecharacteristics,willlastuntilFeb.9,andwillbeheldattwodozenlocationsinthecapital.27.WhatismentionedinChineseAmbassadortoRussiaZhangHanhui’sspeech?A.MoreandmoreRussiansstarttolearnChinese.B.ThetrainactsasatributetotheChinesepeople.C.ThetrainwillappealtoMuscovitesandtravelers.D.RussianscanheadtoChinatospendtheSpringFestival.28.Howisthetraindecoratedaccordingtothetext?A.Thetrainispainedinredandyellow.B.Asnakecanbeseenoutsidethetrain.C.TheinsideisdecoratedwithaChinesedragon.D.PhotosofNewYearcelebrationsinRussiaareonthetrain.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“comprising”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Separating. B.Reminding. C.Monitoring. D.Including.30.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthenewsreport?A.RussialaunchesthemedtraintomarkChineseNewYearB.RussianslearningmoreabouttraditionsofChineseNewYearC.FrameworkofChina-RussiaYearsofCulturein2024and2025D.MetrotrainservesassymbolofgoodrelationsbetweenRussiaandChina【答案】27.C28.B29.D30.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要講述了莫斯科為慶祝中國(guó)春節(jié)推出主題地鐵列車，展示中俄文化交流與友好關(guān)系?！?7題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中““Thetrain,decoratedwithelementsoftheChineseSpringFestival,willattracttheattentionofMuscovites(莫斯科人)andtouristsfromallovertheworld,”theChineseambassadorsaid.(中國(guó)大使表示：“這列裝飾著中國(guó)春節(jié)元素的列車，將會(huì)吸引莫斯科市民以及來(lái)自世界各地游客的關(guān)注?！?可知，中國(guó)駐俄羅斯大使張漢暉在演講中提到這列列車將吸引莫斯科人和游客。故選C?！?8題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Thetrainisdecoratedinred,acolorthatsymbolizeshappiness,joy,goodluckandprosperityinChineseculture.Theexteriorisdecoratedwithasnake,thezodiacofthenewyear,aswellasaChinesedragon.Inside,passengerscanenjoyphotographsofNewYearcelebrationsinChina.(這列火車被裝飾成紅色，在中國(guó)文化中紅色象征著幸福、歡樂(lè)、好運(yùn)和繁榮。車外裝飾有蛇，新年的生肖，以及一條中國(guó)龍。在車內(nèi)，乘客可以欣賞到中國(guó)新年慶?；顒?dòng)的照片)可知，列車外面可以看到一條裝飾蛇。故選B?！?9題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段“Theevent,comprisingmanyculturalactivitieswithChinesecharacteristics,willlastuntilFeb.9,andwillbeheldattwodozenlocationsinthecapital.(這個(gè)活動(dòng)comprising許多具有中國(guó)特色的文化活動(dòng)，將持續(xù)到2月9日，并且會(huì)在首都的二十多個(gè)地點(diǎn)舉行)”可知，這個(gè)活動(dòng)包括許多具有中國(guó)特色的文化活動(dòng)，由此可推知，劃線詞comprising意為“包括”。A選項(xiàng)Separating意為“分離”；B選項(xiàng)Reminding意為“提醒”；C選項(xiàng)Monitoring意為“監(jiān)控”；D選項(xiàng)Including意為“包括”。因此，D選項(xiàng)與劃線詞意思相近。故選D?！?0題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“MOSCOW—Moscowunveiled(揭幕)athemedmetrotrainonWednesdaytomarkthestartoftheSpringFestival,thetraditionalChineseNewYearaccordingtothelunarcalendar.(莫斯科——周三，莫斯科揭幕了一列主題地鐵列車，以慶祝春節(jié)的開始，即農(nóng)歷中國(guó)新年)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要報(bào)道了莫斯科為慶祝中國(guó)新年揭幕了一列主題地鐵列車的情況。因此，A選項(xiàng)“俄羅斯推出主題列車以慶祝中國(guó)新年”最能概括文章主旨，是文章的最佳標(biāo)題。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Mostkidsspenttheirsummerholidaysplayingvideo-games,watchingTVandsleepingin.Parentscanfollowthestepsbelow.Thenyourkidscanbreaktheirsummertimetechhabits.___31___ShiftbedtimeThere’snothingmoreimportanttokickingoff(開始)theschoolyearsuccessfullythangettingsufficientsleep.Twoweeksbeforeschoolbegins,schedulebedtimebackbyabout20minutesanight.___32___Insteadofalong,funbathtime,switchtoaquickshower.Keepalldigitaldevicesoutoftheirbedroomsandbuythemalarmclocks.Setscreengoals___33___Youmightdecidetomakescreentimearewardratherthanaright.Setlimitsondigitalactivitiessuchasnovideogamesuntiltheycompletetheirhomework.Don’tjumptonoappsbutconsiderusingappsthatcontrolthelengthoftimekidscanuseadevice.___34___Besides,getyourkidsinvolvedinactivitiesthatdon’tneedascreen.MakeascheduleAsummerspentwithoutroutinecanmakejumpingbackintothestructureofschooldifficultforkids.Settingascheduleforthelasttwoweeksofsummercanwork.Ms.Rawson,founderoftheScreenTimeClinic,suggestscreatingblocksoftimethatmirrorthoseoftheschoolday,arranging30to50minutesforanactivity,dependingonthekid’sage,alongwithasetlunchtime.___35___Theactivitiescaninvolveanythingbutscreens.A.Kidsmayusephonesasalarmclocks.B.Thiscanstopkidsfromstayinguplateorsleepingin.C.Andtheycanadapttoaschool-friendlyscheduleintwoweeks.D.Kidsshouldhaveasayindecidinghowtofilltheday’stimeblocks.E.Establishzonesinyourhousewhereelectronicssimplyarenotallowed.F.Aschool-friendlyscheduleshouldcombinestudywithdigitalentertainment.G.Havingpurposefulgoalsforscreenusecanhelpkidschangetheirtechhabits.【答案】31.C32.B33.G34.E35.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述如何幫助孩子改掉暑期過(guò)度使用科技產(chǎn)品的習(xí)慣。【31題詳析】上文“Mostkidsspenttheirsummerholidaysplayingvideo-games,watchingTVandsleepingin.Parentscanfollowthestepsbelow.Thenyourkidscanbreaktheirsummertimetechhabits.(大多數(shù)孩子在暑假里玩電子游戲、看電視和睡懶覺。家長(zhǎng)可以按照下面的步驟做。這樣你的孩子就可以打破他們夏天的科技習(xí)慣了。)”和下文的一些具體做法，所以C選項(xiàng)“并且他們可以在兩周內(nèi)適應(yīng)一個(gè)適合上學(xué)的時(shí)間表?！闭靡鱿挛?，起到承上啟下的作用，故選C?！?2題詳析】上文“There’snothingmoreimportanttokickingofftheschoolyearsuccessfullythangettingsufficientsleep.Twoweeksbeforeschoolbegins,schedulebedtimebackbyabout20minutesanight.(要想成功地開始新學(xué)年，沒(méi)有什么比充足的睡眠更重要了。開學(xué)前兩周，將每晚的就寢時(shí)間提前20分鐘左右。)”說(shuō)明要提前睡覺，B選項(xiàng)“這可以阻止孩子熬夜或睡懶覺?！敝械摹癟his”指代提前就寢時(shí)間這一行為，解釋了這樣做的好處，符合語(yǔ)境，故選B?！?3題詳析】小標(biāo)題“Setscreengoals(設(shè)定屏幕使用目標(biāo))”，G選項(xiàng)“為屏幕使用設(shè)定有目的的目標(biāo)可以幫助孩子們改變他們使用科技產(chǎn)品的習(xí)慣?！迸c小標(biāo)題呼應(yīng)，闡述了設(shè)定屏幕使用目標(biāo)的作用，故選G?！?4題詳析】上文“Setlimitsondigitalactivitiessuchasnovideogamesuntiltheycompletetheirhomework.Don’tjumptonoappsbutconsiderusingappsthatcontrolthelengthoftimekidscanuseadevice.(對(duì)數(shù)字活動(dòng)設(shè)定限制，比如在他們完成作業(yè)之前不能玩電子游戲。不要直接拒絕應(yīng)用程序，但可以考慮使用控制孩子使用設(shè)備時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度的應(yīng)用程序。)”提到要設(shè)定數(shù)字活動(dòng)的限制，不要直接禁止使用應(yīng)用程序，而是考慮使用控制孩子使用設(shè)備時(shí)長(zhǎng)的應(yīng)用程序，下文“Besides,getyourkidsinvolvedinactivitiesthatdon’tneedascreen.(此外，讓你的孩子參與不需要屏幕的活動(dòng)。)”，E選項(xiàng)“在你的房子里設(shè)立一些完全不允許使用電子設(shè)備的區(qū)域?！币彩窍拗坪⒆邮褂秒娮釉O(shè)備的一種方式，承上啟下，故選E?！?5題詳析】該段小標(biāo)題是“Makeaschedule(制定一個(gè)時(shí)間表)”，上文“Asummerspentwithoutroutinecanmakejumpingbackintothestructureofschooldifficultforkids.Settingascheduleforthelasttwoweeksofsummercanwork.Ms.Rawson,founderoftheScreenTimeClinic,suggestscreatingblocksoftimethatmirrorthoseoftheschoolday,arranging30to50minutesforanactivity,dependingonthekid’sage,alongwithasetlunchtime.(一個(gè)沒(méi)有常規(guī)活動(dòng)的暑假會(huì)讓孩子們很難重新回到學(xué)校的生活中。為暑假的最后兩周制定一個(gè)時(shí)間表是可行的?！捌聊粫r(shí)間診所”（ScreenTimeClinic）的創(chuàng)始人羅森建議，創(chuàng)造出與上學(xué)時(shí)間類似的時(shí)間塊，根據(jù)孩子的年齡安排30到50分鐘的活動(dòng)時(shí)間，以及固定的午餐時(shí)間。)”提到要為暑假的最后兩周制定一個(gè)時(shí)間表，還提到了設(shè)置活動(dòng)時(shí)間塊等，D選項(xiàng)“孩子們?cè)跊Q定如何填滿一天的時(shí)間塊方面應(yīng)該有發(fā)言權(quán)?！边M(jìn)一步說(shuō)明了制定時(shí)間表時(shí)要讓孩子參與，符合語(yǔ)境，故選D。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共三節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Amotherofninecompletedherstudiesandearnedhermedicaldegree.Thensheplanstobeaneurosurgeon(神經(jīng)外科醫(yī)生).ThismonthSarahMerrill___36___theMayoClinicAlixSchoolofMedicineinPhoenix,Arizona,withherhusbandandkidsbyherside.