第二部分語(yǔ)法專題講析專題四介詞及介詞短語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)一

介詞的用法1.

介詞的分類與用法考點(diǎn)總結(jié)類別介詞用法表示時(shí)間at，

in，

on①at表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)；②in表示時(shí)間段，與表示較長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間的

詞搭配；③on表示在特定的日子、具體的日期、星

期幾、具體的某一天或某些節(jié)日；也可表

示在具體某一天的上午、下午或晚上。類別介詞用法表示時(shí)間in，

after兩者均可接時(shí)間段，表示“在……之

后”，但“in＋時(shí)間段”常與將來(lái)時(shí)連

用，“after＋時(shí)間段”常與過(guò)去時(shí)連用。類別介詞用法表示時(shí)間for，

since，

from①“for＋時(shí)間段”表示某行為或狀態(tài)持續(xù)

了一段時(shí)間；②“since＋時(shí)間點(diǎn)”強(qiáng)調(diào)自過(guò)去某時(shí)延續(xù)

至今的一段時(shí)間；③“from＋時(shí)間點(diǎn)”表示行為或狀態(tài)的起

始點(diǎn)。類別介詞用法表示時(shí)間before，

bybefore與by都可表示“在……之前”，但by

表示“不遲于某時(shí)”，包括某時(shí)在內(nèi)。類別介詞用法表示方位on，

above，

over①on指在某物的表面上，其反義詞是

beneath；②above指離開(kāi)物體表面而在其上方，不一

定是垂直向上，其反義詞是below；③over指離開(kāi)物體表面而在其正上方，其

反義詞是under，over還可表示“越

過(guò)……”。類別介詞用法表示方位across，through，

past，

over，

along，

by，

beside①across指從一平面上“橫穿”或“在……

對(duì)面”；②through指從人群或物體內(nèi)部“穿過(guò)，貫穿”；③past表示動(dòng)態(tài)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在某人/某物的旁邊；④over表示從上方越過(guò)；⑤along表示“沿著”；⑥by與beside均表示“在……旁邊”，by含有“倚，憑靠”的意思，beside指兩者位置關(guān)系。類別介詞用法表示方位at，

in，

on①at后接較小的地方或門牌號(hào)碼；②in后接較大的地方；③on一般指與面或線接觸。in，

on，

to，

off①in表示在某一范圍之內(nèi)；②on表示與某一地區(qū)“毗鄰，接壤”；③to表示在某范圍之外；④off表示“（時(shí)空上）離，距”。類別介詞用法表示方式by，in，

with①by側(cè)重方式、方法，多用于表示無(wú)形的

工具或手段的名詞前；②in多用于表示語(yǔ)言、材料的名詞前；③with多用于表示有形的工具或表示身體

器官的名詞前。類別介詞用法表示原因

或理由for，

at/over，

with，

because

of/owing

to/due

to/thanks

to①for表示原因，后面可以跟名詞（短語(yǔ)）

或動(dòng)名詞；②at/over用在表示情緒的形容詞之后，后

面跟代詞或名詞（短語(yǔ)）；③with用在表示情緒的名詞之前；④because

of/owing

to/due

to/thanks

to之后

不跟陳述句，而跟名詞（短語(yǔ)）或名詞性

從句。類別介詞用法表示“除……之

外”besides，

except，

except

for①besides意為“除……之外（還有）”，

相當(dāng)于in

addition

to；②except意為“除……之外（別無(wú)）”，可

接名詞、代詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句；③except

for主要用于表示對(duì)主要部分的肯

定和對(duì)局部的否定，通常用于不同類的事

物之間。2.

其他常見(jiàn)介詞的用法(1)against有“違背，違逆；反對(duì)；對(duì)……不利；倚；靠；碰

撞；預(yù)防；襯托”之意。Vacations

help

us

perform

better

at

work，improve

our

sleep

quality

and

cushion

us

against

depression.假期幫助我們?cè)诠ぷ髦斜憩F(xiàn)得更好，提高我們的睡眠質(zhì)量和

緩解憂愁。(2)beyond可表示范圍，限度，意為“超出，為……所不及”。常用短語(yǔ)：beyond

words/description/imagination/belief/one’s

reach/one’s

control，意為“無(wú)法用語(yǔ)言形容/無(wú)法用語(yǔ)言描述/

想象不出來(lái)/無(wú)法相信/夠不著/無(wú)法控制”。“I

came

to

thank

you，”she

said，surprising

me

beyond

speech.“我是來(lái)感謝你的?！彼f(shuō)。(聽(tīng)到這)讓我驚訝得說(shuō)不出

話來(lái)。(3)upon有“剛……就；一……就”之意，后接名詞或動(dòng)詞－

ing形式。Upon

graduation，Charlotte

returned

to

Montreal

and

set

up

a

private

clinic.夏洛特一畢業(yè)就回到了蒙特利爾，開(kāi)了一個(gè)私人診所。(4)within可表示范圍、程度，意為“在……之內(nèi)”。The

government

was

doing

everything

within

its

power

to

help

the

victims.政府正盡其所能地幫助那些受害者?？键c(diǎn)二

介詞的固定搭配考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析，往往要借助具體語(yǔ)境，另外，還要

掌握常用的介詞短語(yǔ)及其意義。①But

can

uniforms

help

improve

school

standards？

The

answer

to

this

question

is

not

clear.但校服能幫助提高學(xué)校標(biāo)準(zhǔn)嗎？這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案不清楚。②I

was

searching

for

these

three

western

lowland

gorillas

I’d

been

observing.我那時(shí)在尋找這三只我一直以來(lái)觀察的西部低地大猩猩。③Have

you

ever

heard

of

the

trees

that

are

homes

to

animals

both

on

land

and

sea？你聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)成為海陸兩棲動(dòng)物的棲息地的樹嗎？④They

believe

that

there

are

transport

developments

around

the

corner

that

will

bring

a

lot

of

changes

for

the

better.他們相信交通的發(fā)展就要到來(lái)了，這將會(huì)帶來(lái)很多更好的

變化。⑤Human

life

is

regarded

as

part

of

nature

and，as

such，the

only

way

for

us

to

survive

is

to

live

in

harmony

with

nature.人類生活被認(rèn)為是大自然的一部分，嚴(yán)格說(shuō)來(lái)，我們生存的

唯一方式是與大自然和睦相處。1.

與介詞in搭配的常用短語(yǔ)in

a

way在某種程度上in

no

way沒(méi)門in

the

way擋住道路in

vain徒勞in

general通常，大體上in

detail詳細(xì)地in

turn輪流in

return作為回報(bào)in

need需要in

time遲早；及時(shí)2.

與out

of搭配的常用短語(yǔ)out

of

date/time過(guò)時(shí)/過(guò)期out

of

question毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)out

of

the

question不可能out

of

shape變形out

of

fashion不流行out

of

order出了故障out

of

reach遙不可及3.

“in＋名詞＋of”常用搭配in

honor

of為紀(jì)念……in

charge

of負(fù)責(zé)；掌管in

terms

of依據(jù)；就……而言in

praise

of贊揚(yáng)in

favor

of支持；贊同in

need

of需要4.

與介詞at搭配的常用短語(yǔ)at

no

time決不at

a

time一次/每次at

one

time一度/曾經(jīng)at

times不時(shí)地/有時(shí)at

one’s

request應(yīng)某人的要求at

a

loss不知所措5.

其他?？级陶Z(yǔ)on

behalf

of代表by

chance/accident偶然after

all畢竟；別忘了regardless

of不管，不顧on

the

whole總的說(shuō)來(lái)on

the

contrary相反

◆介詞與語(yǔ)法填空在語(yǔ)法填空中，介詞是必考內(nèi)容，常考表示方位、時(shí)間、方

式、原因、計(jì)量、材料等以及習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中的介詞。[典題試做]在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。1.

Modern

method

tracking

polar

bear

populations

have

been

employed

only

since

the

mid－1980s！of/for

2.

We

were

first

greeted

with

the

barking

by

a

pack

?

dogs，seven

to

be

exact.3.

If

you

are

not

going

to

suffer

this

problem，then

I

suggest

that

the

next

time

you

go

to

your

mum’s

home

dinner，get

a

few

cooking

tips

from

her.4.

After

school

she

plans

to

take

a

year

off

to

model

full-time

before

going

to

university

to

get

a

degree

engineering

or

architecture.of

for

in

[應(yīng)對(duì)策略]如果句子中不缺少主語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞后又不缺少賓語(yǔ)，則在

名詞或代詞前一定是填介詞。其次，還要注意短語(yǔ)搭配中介

詞的正確使用。

2.

因不熟悉介詞及介詞短語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法功能和不同搭配而造成語(yǔ)句

混亂、搭配不當(dāng)?shù)儒e(cuò)誤(誤)

I

often

come

to

school

take

bus，but

sometimes

I

come

by

my

father’s

car.(正)

I

often

come

to

school

by

bus，but

sometimes

I

come

in

my

father’s

car.

Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.

[2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷]There，you’ll

find

them

prepared

differently—more

dumpling

and

less

soup—and

the

wrappers

are

pressed

hand

rather

than

rolled.2.

[2023·全國(guó)乙卷]From

Buddhist

temples

to

museums，

narrow

hutong

royal

palaces，it

is

home

to

more

than

3，

000

years

of

glorious

history

even

down

to

its

layout，with

the

city

keeping

its

carefully

built

system

of

ring

roads.by

to

3.

[2023·全國(guó)甲卷]She

warns

of

the

environmental

dangers

facing

society，and

she

teaches

that

people

must

take

responsibility

saving

their

environment.4.

[2023·浙江卷]Thanks

to

Beijing’s

long

history

the

capital

of

China，almost

every

hutong

has

its

stories，

and

some

are

even

associated

with

historic

events.for

as

5.

[2024·甘肅一模]The

presence

of

clothing

distinguished

civilization

barbarism

(野蠻)，

while

changes

in

colour

and

style

gradually

developed

into

a

form

of

etiquette

(禮

儀).from

Ⅱ.語(yǔ)法填空I

was

in

a

restaurant.I

noticed

an

elderly

couple

1.

?

a

balloon

tied

to

their

table.When

I

asked

them

what

the

occasion

was，they

told

me

it

was

their

50th

wedding

anniversary.I

was

glad

and

sad

2.

?

them

at

the

same

time.I

was

glad

because

they

still

cherished

each

other.I

was

sad

because

they

were

3.

their

own，without

any

children

or

friends.with

for

on

After

I

went

back

to

my

table

I

thought

I

should

pay

their

bill.I

tried

to

do

it，and

the

restaurant

manager

and

the

waitresses

asked

me

curiously

who

they

were

4.

me.Finally，I

told

them

I

worked

in