專題十六選擇型閱讀

五年中考

題組1說明文

Passage1（2021江蘇蘇州,B）

Chineseismainlydividedinto13dialects（方言）andthesedialectscanbefurtherdividedinto

manykindsoflocaldialects.Putonghua（orMandarin）,thepredominantdialect,isspoker.byover70%

ofthepopulationandisoneofthe6officiallanguagesoftheUnitedNations.Withintheselargo

dialectgroups,therearesmallgroups,manyofwhicharedifficulttounderstand.InFujian,for

example,peopleliving10kilometresawayfromoneanothercanbespeakingdifferentMindialects.

Putonghua.ItisthemotherdialectofChineselivinginnorthernChinaandSichuanProvince.It

iscalledGuoyuinsomepartsofChina,likeHongKong,Macao（澳門）andTaiwan.ItisknowninEnglish

asMandarinChinese,orStandardChinese.

Wu.SpokeninShanghai,mostofZhejiangandthesouthernpartsofJiangsuandAnhui,Wuismade

upofhundredsofdifferentspokenforms.

Ilakka/Kojia.HakkaiswidelyspokeninFujian,Taiwan,andsomecountriesinSoutheastAsia.

Min.ItisspokeninFujian,Taiwan,andSoutheastAsia.Mingroupisthemostdiverse（多樣的）,

withmanydifferentspokenformsusedinneighbouringcountries.

Yue.ItisspokeninGuangdong,HongKong,Macao,Taiwan,al1overSoutheastAsiaandbymany

Chineselivingabroad.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“predominant"mean?

A.Morebeautiful.B.Morespecial.

C.Moreinteresting.D.Morecommon.

2.WhatdoyouknowaboutPutonghuaafterreadingthispassage?

A.ItisusedbyasmallgroupofpeopleinChina.

B.ItisspokenonlybypeopleinMainlandChina.

C.ItisincludedintheofficiallanguagesoftheUnitedNations.

D.Itisthemotherdialectofpeople1ivinginsouthernChina.

3.Easedonthepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

A.MostpeopleinAnhuispeakKejia.

B.NuisthelocaldialectofShanghai.

C.Yuehasthemostdifferentspokenforms.

D.MostpeopleinHongKongspeakMin.

答案

［語篇解讀］本文是一篇說明文，介紹了漢語的幾大方言。

1.C詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后面的isspokenbyover70%ofthepopulation可知，畫線詞意為"更普遍的

故選Do

2.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句中andisoneofthe6officialkinguagesoftheUnitedNations可

知,普通話是聯(lián)合國六大官方語言之一，所以C項正確。故選C。

3.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中Wu.SpokeninShanghai可知,上海當(dāng)?shù)胤窖詾閰钦Z，所以B項正確。故選B。

重點詞匯bedividedinto...被分為...；bomadeupof...由組成;spokenform口頭形式

詞;二積累dialect方言;officiallanguage官方語言;Macao澳門;diverse多樣的

Passage2（2021江蘇揚州,D）

Everwonderedwhyyourvirtual（虛擬的）homehelperdoesn，tunderstandyourquestions?Orwhy

yournavigationapptookyouonthesidestreetinsteadofthehighway?InastudypublishedApril

21stinthejournaliScience,Italianresearchers,AriannaPipitoneandAntonioChella,designeda

robotthat“thinksoutloud".

Toexplorehowinnerspeechmightinfluencearobot*sactions,theresearchersbuiltarobot

calledPepperthatspeakstoitself.Ithastheabilitytoreasonandthink.Theythenaskedpeople

tosetthedinnertablewithPepperaccordingtoetiquette（禮儀）rules.Inoneexperiment,theuser

askedPeppertolaythenapkinatthewrongplace,goingagainsttherules.Pepperstartedasking

itselfaseriesofself-directedquestionsandconcludedthattheusermightbemistaken.Tobesure,

Pepperconfirmedtheuser*sorder,whichledtofurtherinnerspeech.

“Ehm,thissituationtroublesme.IwouIdneverbreaktherules,butIcan'tmaketheuserunhappy,

soI*mdoingwhathewants/1Peppersaidtoitself,layingthenapkinwhoreitwasrequiredtobe.

ThroughPepper1sinnervoice,theusercanlearnPopperwasfacingadifficultsituationandsolved

itbyprioriIizingtheuser'sorder.

ComparingPepper'sactionswithandwithoutinnerspeech,PipitoneandChelladiscoveredthe

robothadahighertask-completionratewhenhavingself-dialogue.

However,somepeoplefindtherobotspendsmoretimecompletingtaskswhenittalkstoitself.

Therobot,sinnerspeechisalsolimitedtotheknowledgethatresearchersgaveit.Pepper,s

designersstillsaytheirworkprovidesaframework（構(gòu)架）furtherexplorehowself-dialoguecan

helprobotsfocus,plan,andlearn."Insomeways,wearecreatingagenerational（世代的）robotthat

likestochat.Fromnavigationappsandthecameraonyourphonetomedicalrobotsintheoperation

roems,machinesandcomputersalikecantakeadvantageofthischattyfeature,HsaysChclla.

1.Whydoesthewriterasktwoquestionsattheverybeginningofthepassage?

A.Todrawthereader,sattentiontothetopic.

B.Toshowthewriterlikeselectronicproducts.

C.Totellthereaderaboutthehistoryofrobots.

D.Toprovethewriteroftenfacestroubleinlife.

2.WhywasPepperaskedtolaythenapkinatthewrongplace?

A.ToseehowmuchtimePepperspentlayingthenapkin.

B.ToconfirmhowpopularPepperwasamongitsusers.

C.TotesthowmanyetiquetterulesPepperremembered.

D.Tostudyhowself-dialoguemightinfluencePepper5sactions.

3.Whatdoostheunderlinedword“prioritizing"inParagraph3moan?

A.repeating

B.dealingwith...first

C.goingagainst

D.complainingabout

4.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.ThedesignersarcproudoftheirworkaboutPepper.

B.Pepperhasalreadybeeninuseintheoperationrooms.

C.Pepper,sinnerspeechdependsonitsuser*scommunicationskills.

D.Withorwithoutinnerspeech,Peppercouldcompleteataskequallywell.

答案

［語篇解讀］本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了機(jī)器人Pepper的優(yōu)點以及局限性。最后探討了機(jī)器人這種自

我對話功能的發(fā)展方向。

1.A推理判斷題。本文開頭問的兩個問題是大家可能遇到的問題，這樣能很容易將讀者的注意力吸引到主題

上來。故答案為Ao

2.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段開頭一句話及下面的試驗可知,Popper被要求把餐巾紙放到錯誤的地方是為了

研究自我對話功能是如何影響Pepper的行動的。故答案為D。

3.E詞義猜測題。由第三段的"Iwouldneverbreaktherules,but...soI'mdoingwhathewants."可

知,Pepper收到錯誤的指令后會優(yōu)先服從用戶的指令。所以推測prioritizing的意思為“優(yōu)先處理”。故答案

為Bo

4.A推理判斷題。第四段"ComparingPepper5sactions...whenhavingself-dialogue."及最后一段介紹了

Peeper的優(yōu)點和好處。由此可推斷設(shè)計者感到驕傲。故答案為A。

重點詞匯instcadof而不是;abi1ity〃.能力;conclude匕得出結(jié)論;takeadvantageof利用

詞；二積累b。limitedto局限于

Passage3（2021四川成都,B）

Tangchang,atowninChengdu,iswo11-knownforclothshoos.Withover20typos,Tangchangcloth

shccsarcstrong,comfortable,breathableandfriendlytotheenvironment.In2018,theywereadded

toSichuan，sintangibleculturalheritage1ist（非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)名錄）.

ShuIcry

upperpans

63-year-oldLaiShufanghasspentover40yearsmakingTangchangclothshoes.Nowsheisa

master.Shesaidthereare32stepstomakeapair,butthemostimportantstepismakingthesoles.

Layers（層）ofwhiteclotharegluedtogetherwithflourpaste（精糊）."Tomakegoodpaste,wemake

itatatemperatureof85℃.Ifit'stoolowortoohigh,thepastewillnotwork,"Laisaid.Thenthe

pastedlayersaredriedandcutintodifferentshapes.Afterthis,thelayeredclothisbeatenagain

andagainuntilitistight（緊實的）enoughtomakesolesandupperparts.Thenextstepistoshape

thetwopartsandgluethemtogether.Butstillthesoles'edgeslookfluffy.Throughrepeated

polishingandtrimming,thefluffyedges（毛邊）wi1]becomesnooth.Thentheclothshoesareready.

Theyaretrimmingtheedges.

Lai，shardworktouchedhersonAiPeng.In2015,Aidecidedtoleavehisjobandhelphismother.He

usedShuembroiderytomaketheshoeslookmorebeautifulandopenedaclothshoestoreonline.He

alsosetupshopwindowstoshowthestepsofmakingshoes,helpingmorepeoplelearnabouttheartof

clcthshoes.

1.WhatisthemostimportantstopinmakingTangchangclothshoosaccordingtoMs.Lai?

A.Makingthesoles.

B.Makingtheupperparts.

C.Makinggoodflourpaste.

2.WhatisthecorrectorderofthefollowingstepsofmakingTangchangclothshoes?

?beatingthelayeredcloth

②irakingflourpasteatanexacttemperature

③gluingtheupperpartsandthesolestogether

A.③②①B.??①C.②①③

3.HowmanythingshasLai'ssondonetomaketheclothshoesmorepopular?

A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.

4.Whichofthefollowingquestionsisansweredinthepassage?

A.WhatarcthefeaturesofTangchangclothshoes?

B.WhendidMs.Laibecomeamasterofclothshoes?

C.What*sthemostimportantmaterialinmakingclothshoes?

5."hatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

A.ATalentedShoemaker,LaiShufcing

B.Hand-madeClothShoesinTangchang

C.Tangchang,aWell-knownTowninChengdu

答案

［語篇解讀］這是一篇說明文，介紹了成都的唐昌布鞋。

1.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句Shesaidthereare32stepstomakeapair,butthemost

importantstepismakingtheso：es.（她說，做一雙鞋有32個步驟，但最重要的步驟是做鞋底。）可知A項正

確。

2.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第三段介紹了布鞋的制作過程，其中makingflourpasteatanexacttemperature"用

合適的溫度做襁糊”是第一步;beatingthelayeredcloth"打布?xì)?是第二步;gluingtheupperpartsandthe

solestogether“把鞋幫和鞋底粘到一起”是第三步。故C項正確。

3.E細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段可知，賴淑芳的兒子為推廣唐昌布鞋,用蜀繡使鞋子看起來更漂亮，并在網(wǎng)上開

了一家布鞋店。他還設(shè)置了商店櫥窗，展示制鞋的步驟，幫助更多的人了解布鞋的藝術(shù)。故B項正確。

4.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。選項A:唐昌布鞋的特點是什么？選項B:賴女士什么時候成了制作唐昌布鞋的大師？選項

C:制作唐昌布鞋最重要的材料是什么？文章第二段、第三段介紹了唐昌布鞋的特點及制作工藝。B項和C項

均未提及。故A項正確。

5.H主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了唐昌的手工布鞋。故B項正徜。

重點詞匯setup成立,建立;spend+時間+doingsth.花費時間做某事

Passage4（2021江蘇連云港,D）

Youmighthaveseenbeautifulrainbowsintheskybefore.Theyformwhensunlightfallsonwater

drepsintheair.Butinfact,moonlightcanalsocreaterainbowsinthesameway.Theyarccalled

“moonbows”.Theyaresimilar:orainbows,buttheyarecreatedbymoonlightinsteadofdirect

sunlight.

Moonbowsarerarerthanrainbows.Differentweatherancastronomical（天文學(xué)的）conditionshave

tobejustrightformoonbowstobecreated.

Themoonhastobeverylowinthesky-only42degreesfromthehorizon（地平線）.Themoonperiod

hastobeaful1moonornearlyfull.Theskymustbeverydarkforamoonbowtobewatchedclearly一

anybrightlightcanobscureit.Waterdropsmustappearintheairintheoppositedirectionofthe

mocn.

Moonbowsappearontheoppesitesideofthemoonandusuallylookwhitetothehumaneye.Thisis

becausetheircolorsarenotbrightenoughtobenoticedbythehumaneye.Itispossible,however,to

viewthecolorsinamoonbowusinglongexposure（長時間曝光）photography.

Moonbowsmoreoftenappearinsomelocationsaroundtheworld.Mostoftheselocationsusually

havewaterfalls,whichcreatethinfogintheair.SomeoftheselocationsaretheYosemiteNational

ParkinCaliforniaandCumberkindFallsStateResortParkinKentucky,US；VictoriaFallsonthe

borderofZambiaandZimbabwe；andWaimeainHawaii,US.

Moonbowsdoreallyhappen.Soatacertaintimeandacertainplace,whenamoonbowhappensto

appear,youcan'tmissitifyou'rerightthere.

1.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,moonbowsarc.

A.createdbysunlight

B.irucheasiertofind

C.seenduringtheday

【).iroredifficulttoform

2.Whichofthefollowingcanbetheconditionsforamoonbowtoform?

A.Ahalfmoonhangshighinthebrightsky.

B.fullmoonis50degreesfromthehorizon.

C.Anearlyfullmoonhangslowinthedarksky.

I).Waterdropsareintheoppositedirectionofthesun.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“obscure"inparagraph3probablymean?

A.coverB.drop

C.connectD.produce

4.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

A.Conditionsofmoonbows.

B.Backgroundofmoonbows.

C.Locationsofmoonbows.

D.Developmentofmoonbows.

答案

［語篇解讀］本文是一篇說明文，介紹了月虹這種非常罕見的自然現(xiàn)象。

1.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Theyaresimilartorainbows,buttheyarecreatedbymoonlight

insteadofdirectsunlight.可知,A、C兩項錯誤;根據(jù)第二段第一句Moonbowsarerarerthanrainbows.可

知B項錯誤。根據(jù)第二段第二句Differentweatherandastronomicalconditionshavetobejustrightfor

moenbowstobecreated.可知，月虹的形成需要各種天氣因素和天文學(xué)的條件的配合，是更難形成的。故選Do

2.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知，月虹的出現(xiàn)需要滿足以下條件:月亮要很低——離地平線42°左右;月亮

是滿月或接近滿月;天空必須很暗;與月亮相對的地方要有水滴。因此在C項所述的情況下月虹有可能形成。

故選Co

3.A詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上文Theskymustbeverydarkforamoonbowtobewatchedclearly可知，明亮的光

會遮蓋住月虹。故選A。

4.C段落大意題。根據(jù)第五段第一句Moonbowsmoreoftenappearinsomelocationsaround:heworld.可

知，本段主要講述月虹出現(xiàn)的地點。故選C。

Passage5（2021山東濰坊,C）

Everythingismadeofsomething.Nothingismadeofnothing.

Chemistryisaboutthesmallestthingsthatotherbiggerthingsaremadeof,andwhathappens

whentheychange.Thewordchemistryfromchemical,whichisanexampleofonetypeofthevery

smal1thingsthatotherbiggerthingsaremadeof.Thewordsyouarereadingnowaremadeofadark

liquidcalledink（墨水），whichiswrittenonpaper.Thepaperitselfismadeoutofthechemicalsthat

wocdismadeoutof.Boththeinkandthepaperweremadebydifferentchemicalprocesses.Achemical

precessiswhathappenswhenchemicalscometogethertomakeotherchemicals,andthereforeother

things.

?A

TomatoSaucp

Cookingmakeschemicalchanges.Yourdifferentingredientsaremadeofdifferentchemicals,and

whenyouputthemtogetherandnakethemhotandcookthem,thechemicalschangeintonewchemicals

andthedifferentingredientsmakesomethingnow.Thattomatosauceyou'remakingismadeof

toiratoes,onions,garlic,saltandpepper.Thoseingredientseachhavetheirownchemicalsandtheir

ownflavors,butnowwithyoursauceyou,vemadesomethingdifferent,somethingthathasitsown

flavor,alltheingredientsmixedtogether,allthechemicalsmixedtogether,somethingnew.

Youcansmellthechemicalchanges,too,astheygoupirtoyournose,especiallywhenyouforget

abcutyoursauceanditdocsn'tjustcookbutburnsandbecomesblackandhasareallybadflavor.You

can，tmakeitbetter,either,becauseoncechemicalschange,theycan'tbechangedbackagain.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"they"inParagraph2referto?

A.Chemistry.B.Chemical.

C.Thesmallestthings.D.Thebiggerthings.

2.Whatisachemicalprocess?

A.Inkiswrittenonpaper.

B.Paperismadeoutofwood.

C.Everythingismadeofsomething.

【）.Thingsmixedtogetherproducesomethingnew.

3.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?

A.Howtomaketomatosauce.

B.Whattousetoformnewthings.

C.Ingredientsandtheirownflavors.

D.Chemicalchangesincookingfood.

4.Whichmightbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Whatchemistryislike

B.Chemistrychangeseverything

C.Wherethewordchemistrycomesfrom

D.Achemicalprocessiscalledchemistry

答案

［語篇解讀］本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了化學(xué)的相關(guān)知識。

1.C詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段第一句...thesmallestthingsthat...可知，此處they指的是最小物質(zhì)。故

答案選Co

2.E細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段最后一句可知，化學(xué)過程是指不同的化學(xué)品結(jié)合在一起，生成新物質(zhì)的過程。故

答案選Do

3.C段落大意題。由第三段首句及下文制作番茄醬的例子可知，第三段主要講述烹飪中的化學(xué)變化。故答案

選Do

4.A標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要講述化學(xué)的相關(guān)知識。故答案選A。

長難句Achemicalprocessiswhathappenswhenchemicalscometogethertomakeotherchemicals,and

thereforeotherthings.化學(xué)過程是指化學(xué)品結(jié)合在一起形成其他化學(xué)品，從而形成其他物質(zhì)的過程。

本句為主從復(fù)合句。what引導(dǎo)表語從句，說明主語的具體內(nèi)容。

重點詞匯thereforeadv.因此;flavorn.味道;mixv.混合;especiallyadv.尤其;comefrom來自

詞）二積累chemical〃.化學(xué)制品化學(xué)品;ingredientn.成分，（烹調(diào)的）原料

Passage6（2021陜西,B）

LookattheEarthfromspace.Whydoesourplanetlooksoblue?It'sbluebecausewatercovers

alirostthreequartersoftheEarth*ssurface.Waterisnotjustanimportantpartofourplanet.It

isanimportantpartofourbody,too.Morethanhalfofourtotalbodyweightiswater.

Ourbodyloseswaterwheneverweexerciseorgotothetoilet.That*swhyweneedtodrinkplenty

ofwatereveryday.Wedrinkwater.Weuseittocook,clean,andcarrywasteoutofourhomes.Farmers

useittogrowvegetablesandcr^pslikericeandcorn；factoriesuseittomakeproducts.

Sincethe1950s,theamount（數(shù)量）ofwaterpeopleusehasincreasedbythreetimes.Butthewater

supply（供應(yīng)）hasn't.Scientistsworrythatsoontherewon'toeenoughwaterforus,aswellasforthe

animalsandplantsthatshareourworld.Whatcanwedotohelp?Usewaterwisely.

Havingenoughwaterisn'touronlyproblem.TV。alsonneditclean.

Rightnow,shipsandfactoriesareputtingwastesintoseas,riversandsoon.Evonchemicals

thatfeirmersusearerunningintoriversandlakes.Allthispollutioncanmakethewaterdangerous

todrink.Itcanalsoharmfishandotherwater-livinglives.

Wemustdosomethingtostoppollution.Il'sthebestwaytoprotectourworld1smostvaluable

naturalresource（資源）.

1.HowmanyimportantareasofwaterarcmentionedinParagraph1?

A.Cne.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.

2.Theunderlinedsentence"Wealsoneeditclean"inParagraph4means”:

A.ttealsoneedwatertowashthings

B.加alsoneedwaterthatlooksclean

C.alsoneedtokeepwaterclean

D.Wealsoneedtodiscovercleanwater

3.Thispassagewaswrittento.

A.askpeopletovaluewater

B.advisepeopletodrinkmorewater

C.introducetheusesofwater

I）,describethesituationofwatersupply

答案

［語筒解讀］本文是一篇說明文，文章告訴我們水的重要性和作用及目前人類面臨的水資源短缺和水污染問

題

1.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第一段中提到了水對地球和我們的身體的重要性。故選B。

2.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)下文可知，水資源受到了污染，由此可知,我們應(yīng)該保持水干凈，故選C。

3.A推理判斷題。文章首先講述了水的重要性，然后提出我們面臨水資源的短缺，最后指出我們必須做些事

情防止水污染。故文章的目的是七人們珍惜水資源。故選A。

重點詞匯threetimes三倍;harm匕傷害，危害，損害

詞）二積累supply〃.供應(yīng);resourcen.資源

Passage7（2020四川成都,A）

HoppyRainaSpringNight

Goodnunkno^sitstimengM.O'ersildlanesdarkdoudsprexh.決

hAIIICallwhencocncsspnngtnbootalanternlooms

Withuinditstealsinnight.Daunseessaturatedrvds.

Muc.itmoestenseachthingThetown'shca%>sithbkxxns

Translaudb>XuYuancboog

Thisfamouspoem,\vithfourcouplets,waswrittenbyDuFu（712——770,Tangl）ynasty）whenhewas

livingandfarminginChengdu.Hisfarmingexperiencetaughthimtobethankfultonature.

Theveryfirstword,"good",showsthepoet'sjoyandloveforthespringrain.Therainisgood

becauseituknowsnthepropertimetocome.Herethepoetusespersonification、asiftherainwere

smartenoughtocomeintimeforthefarmerJsbusyseason.

Whentheraincomes,itappearsduringthenightwithoutmakinganynoise.Unlikethesummer

stcrms,thespringrainfinishesitstaskwithoutbeingknown.

Inthethirdcouplet,thepoetdescribesapeacefulscenetous.Inthenightsky,thecloudslook

darkandheavy.It'sasignthattherewillbeenoughrainduringthenight.Thelightfromthe

riverboatmakesthedarksceneabit1ivelier.

Lastly,thepoetstartstoimagine.Tomorrowmorning,hethinks,thecityofChengduwi11become

beautifulwhenal1oftheflowersbloom（盛開）aftertherain.

1."hat'stheChinesetitleofthepoemHappyRainonaSpringNigh??

A.《春望》B.《春夜喜雨》C.《夜雨寄北》

2.Whichofthefollowingrhymesarerightforthispoem?

A.aa-bb-cc-ddB.ab-ab-cd-cd

C.ab-cd-ab-cd

3.Whichwordcanbeusedtodescribetheraininthispoem?

A.Busy.B.Dark.C.Quiet.

4.Whichofthefollowingusesperson!ficatioii?

A.Withwinditstealsinnight.

B.Itwillfallwhencomesspring.

C.Thetownfsheavywithblooms(bloomingflowers).

5.UhatdoesDuFuwanttoshowinthispoem?

A.He'sthankfultonature.

B.Helovesandenjoysfarming.

C.Heexpectstheflowertobloom.

答案

［語篇解讀］本文是一篇說明文，介紹了杜甫的一首詩。

1.0詞義猜測題。根據(jù)詩的英文題目中出現(xiàn)的happyrain和springnight及詩的內(nèi)容，可以判斷這首詩的

題目是《春夜喜雨》。

2.E推理判斷題。本題要求找出詩中押韻的規(guī)律。詩中rignt和night；spring和thing；sprcads和

reds；looms和blooms分別押韻，故選B。

3.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)詩的解析的第三段的Whentheraincomes,itappearsduringthenightwithout

makinganynoise.可知，雨是輕輕地下的。故選Co

4..A推理判斷題。結(jié)合構(gòu)詞法以及文中asiftherainweresmartenoughtocome可知,personificalion

的意思是“擬人”。故選A。

5.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)詩的解析第一段最后一句Hisfarmingexperiencetaughthimtobethankfulto

nature.可以判斷,杜甫在詩中想表達(dá)對自然的感激。故答案為A。

Passage8（2019天津,C）

Therearemanywaystohelpimproveyourhealthlikeeatinghealthyfood,takingexerciseand

gettingmedicalhelp.Buttheeasiestandcheapestwaytoimproveyourhealthisjusttosleepeight

hoursormoreeverynight.Thegeneralsleepingruleisthattheyoungeryouare,thelongersleepyou

need.Butregardlessof（不管）age,somepeopleneedtosleepmorewhileforsomeafewhoursisenough.

Theproblemwithsleepisthatmoreandmorepeopleintheworldarenotsleepingenough.

AccordingtotheWor1dHealthOrganization,overhalfthepeopleintheworldmaybesleep-deprived.

Havinglesssleepnotonlymakespeoplefeeltiredbutalsocausesaccidents.IntheUnitedStates

alcne,sleepydriverscauseatleast100,000trafficaccidentsayear.Alsosleepproblemscancause

medicalproblemssuchashighbloodpressure（血壓）.

Whyaresomanypeoplesleep-deprived?Partofthereasonsmaybecultural.IntheAmerican

culture,peopleputahighervalueonworkthanonsleep.Infact,peoplewhosleepalotareusually

seenas"lazy”.Also,youcansometimeshearsomepeoplesayproudlythattheydon'thavemuchtimeto

sleep,andtheyonlysleepfourorfivehoursanight.Itseemsthatthelessyousleep,themorework

you'11do.

Howdoweteachthesepeopletolearnthevalueofsleep?Perhapstheymaylistentotheadviceof

Dr.JamesMaas,anexpert（專家）insleep.Hesays,“Sleepislikeacredit（信用）card.Whenyousleep

less,youareonlyborrowingtime.Youalwayshavetopayitback.Themorehoursyoudon'tsleep,the

morehoursyoushouldsleepto*?ayback*thehoursonyour*sleepcreditcard'.”

Forthosewhovalueworkmorethansleep,theyshouldlistentowhatafamouspersononcesaid,

"Do。'tthinkyouwillbedoinglessworkbecauseyousleepduringthenight.Thatisafoolish（愚蠢

的）ideawhichisheldbypeoplevhohavenoimagination.Youwillbeabletodomore."

1.Accordingtothewriter,theeasiestandcheapestwaytoiirprovehealthisto.

A.eathealthyfoodeveryday

B.takeexerciseasmuchaspossible

C.getmedicalhelpwhenevernecessary

D.sleepeighthoursormoreeverynight

2."hatdoesMs1eep-deprived'meaninParagraph2?

A.Havingagoodsleep.B.Excitedaboutsleep.

C.Havinglesssleep.D.Interestedinsleep.

3.AccordingtoDr.JamesMaas,whatissleeplike?

A.Anhour.B.Areport.

C.Acreditcard.I).Apieceofpaper.

4.WhatdothewordsofthefamouspersonmeaninParagraph5?

A.Sleepingduringthenightisfoolish.

B.Sleepingduringthenightishelpful.

C.Peoplehavenocourage.

D.Peoplealwaysdolesswork.

5.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.TheValueofSleep

B.TheValueofStudy

C.TheWaysofEatingLess

D.TheWaysofMakingMoney

答案

【語篇解讀1本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了改善健康最重要的就是睡眠，但是現(xiàn)在越來越多的人睡眠嚴(yán)重

不足。

1.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句Buttheeasiestandcheapestwaytoimproveyourheakhisjustto

sleepeighthoursormoreeverynight.可知答案為Do

2.C詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段可知，現(xiàn)在的問題是越來越多的人睡眠不足。據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織所說，世界上超

過一半的人可能都睡眠不足，所以由此來推斷這個詞的意思是“睡眠不足，，，故答案為Co

3.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中Perhapstheymaylistentoth?adviceofDr.JamesMaas,anexpertin

sleep.Hesays,"Sleepislikeacreditcard.可知答案為Co

4.B推理判斷題。第五段提到的那個著名的人是想告訴我們晚上睡覺是很有幫助的。故答案為B。

5.A主旨大意題。整篇文章都是在講睡眠的重要性，故答案為A。

長難句Forthosewhovalueworkmorethansleep,theyshoulc1istentowhatafamouspersononcesaid,

"Don'tthinkyouwi11bedoinglessworkbecauseyousleepduringthenight.對于那些重視工作甚于

睡眠的人來說，他們應(yīng)該聽一位名人曾經(jīng)說過的話,“不要以為你會因為晚上睡覺而減少工作……"

本句話含有wh。引導(dǎo)的定語從句,what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。

重點詞匯improve匕改善，提高accordingto依據(jù)，按照notonly...butalso...不僅而且

詞匯積累cause匕導(dǎo)致，引起

Passage9（2019重慶,C）

CinyeeChiu,anartistfromTaiwan,isalwayshappytotrysomethingnew.Heramazingworkswon

lotsofprizes.Amongthem,"24SolarTerms（節(jié)氣）"isthemostpopular.

AncientChinesedividedayearinto24partsaccordingtothechangesoftheweather.It*sthe

24solarterms.Butnoteveryoreknowsthemwell.CinyeeChiuputthe24solartermsinpicturesto

helppeopleunderstandthembetter.

Cinyeeturnedeachsolartsrmintoananima1.Buttheseanimalsarenotjustanimals.