ChinesePerspectiveon

Health&SafetyinFactories

從中國(guó)觀點(diǎn)看工廠的健康與安全ETIChinaConferenceGuangzhouMay11,2004PentlandGroupWeiDongZhouPentland集團(tuán)商務(wù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)部東南亞代表周衛(wèi)東先生發(fā)言IntroductiontoEthicalTradingInitiativeConference公正商貿(mào)聯(lián)盟介紹會(huì)11/5/2004公正商貿(mào)聯(lián)盟AboutPentlandGroup 關(guān)于Pentland集團(tuán)TheHistoryPrivateBusiness--RubinFamilyBeginslifeastheLiverpoolShoeCompanyin1932SellsfashionshoestoUKretailerToday

Managing10brandsandsoldproductsover170countrieswithannualretailsalesofUS$2billionPurchaseUS$700millionproductfromChinaeachyearSeriesofsports,leisure,outdoorandfashionbrands

想當(dāng)年……魯賓

(Rubin)家族於1932年在英國(guó)成立售賣時(shí)尚鞋類產(chǎn)品到零售商今天……品牌管理跨國(guó)集團(tuán)，年銷售額20億美金每年從中國(guó)采購的貨物約7億美金各類運(yùn)動(dòng)、戶外活動(dòng)、及緊貼流行時(shí)尚的產(chǎn)品HowWeDoBusiness 我們做生意的原則GroupSourcingprinciple 集團(tuán)的采購政策Ourapproachistodobusinesswithsupplierswhoadoptandcompliancewithourbusinessstandardsor

只與采納和實(shí)施本集團(tuán)商務(wù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的供貨商

Theirpoliciescommitwithsimilarstandardsand

或其政策體現(xiàn)出相同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的供貨商發(fā)展業(yè)務(wù)，并：Complywithlocallawsandregulations

自覺遵守當(dāng)?shù)氐姆煞ㄒ?guī)；Complywithinternationalconventionsandrules

遵守國(guó)際公約和國(guó)際慣例；IdentifyandpromotegoodpracticeonCorporateSocialResponsibility

探索和推廣企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任的良好實(shí)踐。

BusinessCodeofConduct

集團(tuán)供貨商應(yīng)遵守的商務(wù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)守則Livingwagestobepaid確保最低工資Workinghourstobenotexcessive

禁止超長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作Workingconditionstobesafeandhygienic

提供安全衛(wèi)生的工作環(huán)境Childlabournottobeused

禁止使用童工Noforcedlabour禁止強(qiáng)迫勞動(dòng)Nodiscrimination遵守不歧視原則Noharshorinhumantreatment

禁止殘酷的或非人道的待遇Freedomofassociationandtherighttocollectivebargaining

尊重自由結(jié)社和集體談判的權(quán)利Regularemploymenttobeprovided

提供穩(wěn)定的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)HealthandSafetyProblemsinChineseFactory

中國(guó)工廠的安全衛(wèi)生管理問題ManagementSystemIssue

工廠管理的問題

WorkersIssue

工人的問題

OwnerIssue

老板的問題ManagementSystem 工廠管理的問題Moreemphasisonproductionratherthansafety.Poorsafetybasiscreatelotofhiddendanger

重生產(chǎn)，輕安全，安全基礎(chǔ)差，隱患多Inappropriatestorage,usageandprocessofdangouschemicalproduct.Noprotectionmeasurementorwarningsigns

危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品的存放、使用和處理不當(dāng)，沒有保護(hù)措施或警告標(biāo)志（MSDS)PersonalProtectionEquipmentisnotavailableornoteffectivelyusedbyworkers

工人沒有個(gè)人防護(hù)用品（PPE），或者沒有有效使用Workersareexposedtohighnoiseenvironment.Noeffectiveengineeringmethodtocontrolorisolatenoisesource

工人暴露高噪音環(huán)境中，沒有采取有效的工程方法控制或隔離噪聲源Noformalpolicyforaccidentreporting,investigationorhandling.Nopreventionmeasurementtoavoidthereoccurrenceofthesameorsimilaraccidence

沒有正規(guī)的事故報(bào)告、調(diào)查和處理制度；沒有預(yù)防措施，相同或相似事故重復(fù)發(fā)生

WorkersIssue 工人的問題Lackofsafetyandhygieneknowledge,insufficienttrainingbeforetakingupthepost.

安全衛(wèi)生知識(shí)缺乏，崗前培訓(xùn)不足Unsafeoperationasaresultofpiecework-basedsalary

計(jì)件工資制導(dǎo)致不按安全操作規(guī)范作業(yè)Highturnoverrateoftheimmigrantlabour

外來農(nóng)民工多，流動(dòng)性強(qiáng)Poorcommunicationwithmanagersandsupervisors

與主管、班組長(zhǎng)溝通技巧差Mostworkerslacktheconfidencetoprotecttheirownright

多數(shù)工人缺乏維權(quán)自信心ManagersIssue 老板的問題Managersdonotcaremanagement–ignoranceandmeanness

老板不愿管理-視而不見，一毛不拔Afewmanagersdonotwanttoinvestinhealthandsafety

少數(shù)工廠老板不愿投資健康安全Disregardthehealthandsafetyproblemuntilaccidencehappen

放任工廠健康安全問題，出了事再說“Ratherpayforthecoffinthanthemedicine”

"寧愿花錢買棺材，也不愿花錢買藥"ManagersIssue 老板的問題Managersdonotunderstandmanagement–employingindigenousmethods

老板不懂管理-“土法上馬，偏方治理”

Simpleandrude,using“policecatchingthief”method

簡(jiǎn)單粗暴，采取“警察抓小偷式”辦法，Securitystaffinspectallaroundthefactory,imposingfineonceviolationofregulationisfound

保安全廠巡邏，發(fā)現(xiàn)違章操作就罰款Managersdonotknowmanagement--“Noscientificmethodsresultinbiginvestmentbutpoorresult”

老板不會(huì)管理–不講科學(xué)，投入大效果差I(lǐng)nappropriatesafetyorganisationornoimplementationofpolicy.Anshowysafetyproductioncommitteewithnopracticaluse

安全組織不合理或制度沒有實(shí)施,“花架子”安全生產(chǎn)委員會(huì)Safetyinspectionbecomeamereformality.Nopreventionmeasurement

安全檢查流于形式，沒有預(yù)防措施Irregularsafetytraining

安全培訓(xùn)時(shí)有時(shí)無Nostandardisedprocessforworkplaceaccidenceinvestigation工傷事故調(diào)查處理不規(guī)范ManagersIssue 老板的問題Solutions 解決的途徑Basicprinciples基本原則：Preventionasthefirstpriority,andtocombinewithcontrol,strengthenthe“3simultaneously”

“預(yù)防為主，防治結(jié)合”，狠抓“三同時(shí)”Threeways三個(gè)途徑：Authoritiestostrengthensupervision--safetyproductionsupervisionbureau

政府相關(guān)部門要加強(qiáng)監(jiān)督--安全生產(chǎn)監(jiān)督局Managers’awarenessofsafetyinvestment:7:4:1

管理層的安全投入意識(shí)：7：4：1Workers‘a(chǎn)waressofselfprotection--effectivetrainingmethods

工人的自我保護(hù)意識(shí)–有效的培訓(xùn)方法ChineseSafetyLaw 中國(guó)的《安全生產(chǎn)法》Passedon29June2002inthe28thConferenceoftheStandingCommitteeoftheNationalPeople’sCongress.Enforcedon1stNovember2002,through21yearseffortdespiteallthedifficulties

2002年6月29日全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)二十八次會(huì)議通過，自2002年11月1日起執(zhí)行，歷經(jīng)艱辛，21年立一法97termsin7chapters,around11700words

安全生產(chǎn)法共有七章97條，約11700字Chapter1 1-15 GeneralPrinciple第一章1-15總則Chapter2 16-43 Enterprise 第二章16-43企業(yè)Chapter3 44-52 Employee 第三章44-52職工Chapter4 53-67 GovernmentandSocialIntermediates 第四章53-67政府及社會(huì)中介

Chapter5 68-76 EmergencyProvision 第五章68-76應(yīng)急預(yù)案Chapter6 77-95 Legalresponsibilities 第六章77-95法律責(zé)任Chapter7 96-97 SupplementaryArticles 第七章96-97附則ImpactoftheNewSafetyLaw(28Terms)

《安全法》對(duì)企業(yè)及經(jīng)營(yíng)者的要求(28條)Setupandimprovethesafetyproductionresponsibilitysystem:Mainpersoninchargeorchiefpositionisthefirstresponsibilityholderandisresponsibleforoverallperformance

建立、健全本單位安全生產(chǎn)責(zé)任制:主要負(fù)責(zé)人或者正職：第一責(zé)任者，負(fù)全面責(zé)任Safetyproductionmanagementdepartmentshouldbesetupinfactoriesofmorethan300employees,equippedwithprofessionalsafetyproductionmanagementpersonnel

從業(yè)人員超過300人，應(yīng)設(shè)置安全生產(chǎn)管理機(jī)構(gòu)，配備專職安全生產(chǎn)管理人員Providesafetytrainingtoemployees.Notallowtoworkwithoutpassingthetraining

對(duì)從業(yè)人員的安全培訓(xùn),未經(jīng)培訓(xùn)合格不得上崗Specialoperationtakershouldreceivespecialtrainingandobtaindutypassincludingelectrician,welder,electricwelderetc

對(duì)特種作業(yè)人員實(shí)施專門培訓(xùn)，持證上崗。如電工，焊工，電焊工等Managementofdangeousproduct:setupfile,examine,evaluateandcontrolinregularmanner,assignspecialpersontooversee

危險(xiǎn)物品管理：應(yīng)登記建檔，定期檢測(cè)、評(píng)估、監(jiān)控，安排專人監(jiān)護(hù)Providequalifiedprotectionequipmentforemployeesandsupervisetheproperuseoftheequipment

為從業(yè)人員提供合格的防護(hù)用品，并監(jiān)督其正確使用Forbidclosingorblockinguptheexitofproductionworkplaceandemployeedormitory

禁止封閉、堵塞生產(chǎn)場(chǎng)所與員工宿舍的出口Conductregularsafetycheck,setupandimplementaccidentemergencyrescueprovision

定期的安全檢查,制定并實(shí)施事故應(yīng)急救援預(yù)案Musttakepartinindustrialinjurysocialsecurity(Term43)

必須參加工傷社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)（第四十三條）ImpactoftheNewSafetyLaw(28Terms)

《安全法》對(duì)企業(yè)及經(jīng)營(yíng)者的要求(28條)LegalResponsibility(19Terms)

法律責(zé)任（共19條）Types 責(zé)任類型包括：A.Administrationresponsibility:responsibilityofgovernment,enterpriseunitsandsocialgroups

行政責(zé)任：政府及其有關(guān)企事業(yè)單位、社會(huì)團(tuán)體的責(zé)任Administrativesanction行政處分Administrationpunishment行政處罰B.Civilresponsibility民事責(zé)任Propertyresponsibility:eg.Losscompensation,violationoftreatypayment

財(cái)產(chǎn)責(zé)任：如賠償損失、支付違約金等Nonpropertyresponsibility:eg.Apologizeandresumereputation非財(cái)產(chǎn)責(zé)任：如賠禮道歉、恢復(fù)名譽(yù)等C.Criminalresponsibility刑事責(zé)任Legalpunishmentincluding:surveillance,detain,fixedtermimprisonment,lifeimprisonmentandfineetc

法律制裁包括：管制、拘留、有期徒刑、無期徒刑、罰金等LegalResponsibilityofOwners

企業(yè)負(fù)責(zé)人的法律責(zé)任1）Notconformwithlegalprovisionstoensureinvestmentinsafetyandnosafetyproductioncondition(Term80)

不依法保證資金投入，無安全生產(chǎn)條件（第八十條）Criminalresponsibilityifresultinaccidenceandcommitcrime

導(dǎo)致事故發(fā)生，構(gòu)成犯罪的，追究刑事責(zé)任DismissthemainpersoninchargeandimposefineofRMB20,000-200,000Yuanifnotconstitutingcriminalpunishment

不夠刑事處罰的對(duì)主要負(fù)責(zé)人給予撤職處分，對(duì)投資人罰款（2~20萬元）2）Notperformingsafetyproductionmanagementresponsibility(Term81)

不履行安全生產(chǎn)管理職責(zé)的（第八十一條）Criminalresponsibilityifresultinaccidenceandcommitcrime

導(dǎo)致事故發(fā)生，構(gòu)成犯罪的，追究刑事責(zé)任DismissthemainpersoninchargeandimposefineofRMB20,000-200,000Yuanifnotconstitutingcriminalpunishment

不夠刑事處罰的對(duì)主要負(fù)責(zé)人給予撤職處分，對(duì)投資人罰款（2~20萬元）3）Safetyequipmentandfacilitynotconformingtorequirement(Term83)

安全設(shè)備設(shè)施不符合要求（第八十三條）Correctwithindeadline限期改正→stopproductionandbusinesstoretify停產(chǎn)停業(yè)整頓→fineuptoRMB50,000Yuan并5萬元內(nèi)罰款→Criminalresponsibility刑事責(zé)任4）Signin