名詞性從句重難知識(shí)點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句?？键c(diǎn)一引導(dǎo)詞名詞性從句由不同的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo),從句一般保持陳述語序。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為3類:1.that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句that只起連接主句和從句的作用,在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分,本身也沒有詞義。該從句作主語通常用it作形式主語,而將從句置于句末。(2019·江蘇高考)Scientistshaveobtainedmoreevidencethatplasticisfindingitswayintothehumanbody.(同位語從句)Itissuggestedthatweshouldlimittheamountofcarstoimproveourenvironment.(主語從句)2.wh-引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句wh-包括who,whom,whose,whoever,what,whatever,which,whichever等連接代詞和where,when,why等連接副詞。wh-詞既起連接作用,還可充當(dāng)主語、賓語和表語等。從句作主語也常用it作形式主語,而將wh-從句置于句末。(2020·天津高考)ThestudentcompletedthisexperimenttomakecometruewhatProfessorJosephhadsaid.注意:(1)what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句what作連接代詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句既可以表示一個(gè)問“什么……?”的問題,也可以表示相當(dāng)于“名詞/代詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)的意思,意思是“所……的事/物”,相當(dāng)于thething(s)that/which...。如:Thisiswhat(=thethingthat)wehavebeenlookingforwardtoforyears.(2)wh-ever既可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,又可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句;而nomatterwh-只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。(2018·天津高考)Thegoldmedalwillbeawardedtowhoever(anyonewho)winsthefirstplaceinthebicyclerace.Nooneisallowedtobreaktheregulations,whoever(anyonewho)heis.3.if,whether引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句(1)引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句時(shí)一般用whether,不用if。Thequestioniswhethertechnologyisgoingtobeourservantorourmaster.(2)whether與if引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)大多數(shù)情況下可以互換,但下列情況只能用whether:①后面直接跟ornot時(shí)用whetherTheynowhavetwoweekstodecidewhetherornottobuy.②用于介詞后引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)用whether(2019·浙江高考)Butifhe’soutthereeverydayandplayinghard,youshouldpraisehiseffortregardlessofwhetherhisteamwinsorloses.考點(diǎn)二主語從句主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的從句,通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。注意:it作形式主語的句型有:①Itis+名詞+從句Itisafactthat...事實(shí)是……Itisgoodnewsthat...……是好消息Itisaquestionthat...……是個(gè)問題Itiscommonknowledgethat...……是常識(shí)類似的名詞還有:apity;awonder;agoodthing;nowonder;asurprise等。②Itis+形容詞+從句Itisnecessarythat...有必要……Itisclearthat...很清楚……Itislikelythat...很可能……Itisimportantthat...重要的是……類似的形容詞還有:strange;natural;obvious;true;good;wonderful;possible;unlikely;quiet;unusual;certain;evident;worthwhile;surprising;interesting;astonishing等。③Itis+過去分詞+從句Itissaidthat...據(jù)說……Itisreportedthat...據(jù)報(bào)道……Ithasbeenprovedthat...已證明……Itmustbepointedoutthat...必須指出……類似的過去分詞(詞組)還有:known;estimated;expected;believed;thought;hoped;noted;discussed;required;decided;suggested;demanded;madeclear;foundout等?？键c(diǎn)三賓語從句賓語從句在復(fù)合句中起賓語的作用,既可作動(dòng)詞的賓語,也可作介詞的賓語(作介詞的賓語時(shí)必須由wh-疑問詞引導(dǎo))。1.that的省略與否that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí),在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分,在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去,但如果從句是并列句時(shí),第二個(gè)分句前的that不可省略。如:Hesaid(that)youweretooyoungtounderstandthematterandthathewasaskednottotellyou.2.句子的語序由who,whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whichever等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,應(yīng)注意句子的語序要用陳述語序。例如:Canyouexplainwhyhedidn’tcometothepartylastSunday?注意:①think,believe,imagine,suppose等動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的否定性賓語從句中,要把上述主句中的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ?。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。②?dòng)詞doubt用在疑問句或否定句中時(shí),其后賓語從句常用that作連接詞;用在肯定句中時(shí),連接詞用whether或if皆可,而不用that。Doyoudoubtthathewillwinthematch?Idon’tdoubtthathecandoagoodjobofit.Heoftendoubtswhether/ifheisadequateasafather.考點(diǎn)四表語從句表語從句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引導(dǎo)外,還可由because,asif(though)等引導(dǎo)。that引導(dǎo)表語從句,無詞義,只起連接作用,不可省略。(2018·北京高考)Withouthissupport,wewouldn’tbewherewearenow.(2018·江蘇高考)Byboatistheonlywaytogethere,whichishowwearrived.Itlooksasifasandstormiscomingup.Thefactofthematteristhatmostpeopleconsumefarmoreproteinthantheyactuallyneed.注意:①whether可引導(dǎo)表語從句,但與之同義的if不用于引導(dǎo)表語從句。Thequestioniswhetherhewilljoinusnexttime.②Thatisbecause...指原因或理由。Thatiswhy...指由于各種原因所造成的后果。Hedidnotseethefilmlastnight.Thatisbecausehehadtohelphislittlesisterwithherhomework.Hehadseenthefilmbefore.Thatiswhyhedidnotseeitlastnight.③當(dāng)主語是reason時(shí),表語從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。ThereasonwhyIwaslatewasthatmycarbrokedownontheway.考點(diǎn)五同位語從句同位語從句用于對(duì)前面出現(xiàn)的名詞作進(jìn)一步說明,一般用連詞that引導(dǎo)。由于名詞的意義不同,也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引導(dǎo)。常見的名詞有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision,word等。例如:Wecametothedecisionthatwemustactatonce.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomeback.Wedon’tunderstandtheproblemwhythisisthebestchoice.注意:

that引導(dǎo)同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別:同位語從句的that不充當(dāng)句子成分,且不可省略;that引導(dǎo)的定語從句成分是殘缺的,that代替先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語,充當(dāng)賓語時(shí)可省略。Wearegladatthenewsthathewillcome.聽到他要來這個(gè)消息我們很高興。(news的內(nèi)容就是thathewillcome,故that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句)Wearegladatthenewsthathetoldus.聽到他告訴我們的這個(gè)消息我們很高興。(that從句是限制thenews的內(nèi)容的,即我們高興只是因?yàn)樗嬖V的這個(gè)news而不是其他的news,故that從句為定語從句)語法填空題考法第1步判斷是否屬于名詞性從句;第2步判斷名詞性從句中的連接詞;若從句中缺少主語、賓語或表語,用連接代詞;若缺少狀語就用連接副詞;如果不缺少成分則要考慮意思是否完整,是否需要用whether/if;如果不缺少成分且意思完整用that。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.(2021·新高考I卷)_____issobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheout-of-this-worldscenes.2.(2021·天津高考)WhatpuzzlesLily’sfriendsis____shealwayshassomanycrazyideas.3.(2021·北京高考)Thepoorwomanwasn’tabletogivehimanyinformationabout______shelived.4.(2020·江蘇高考)Itisnotaproblem_______wecanwinthebattle;it’sjustamatteroftime.

Whatwhywherewhether5.Therefore_____________isknownaboutitisjustbasedondrawingsandondescriptionsbythefirstEuropeanvisitors.6.(2019·北京高考)Whatstudentsdoatcollegeseemstomattermuchmorethan______theygo.7.I’mnotsure____ismorefrightened,meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.8.Thisis_____myfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.what/whateverwherewhowhatⅡ.語篇語法填空

OnMay22,alargecrowdstoodoutsidethehospitaljust1.__________(say)farewelltothemanandtheybegantocryout,“GrandpaYuan,restinpeace!”Itwasthesettingofanunusualscene.

YuanLongping,famous2.__________growingsuperhybridriceinChina,diedoforganfailureonMay22attheageof91.Butthelegacyheleftbehindwillcontinuetoimprovefood3.__________(secure)andresearcharoundtheworldandinspiregenerationsofagro-scientists.Hisresearchhelpedfeed1.4billionChinese,nearlyonefifthoftheworld’spopulation,bygrowinghigh-yieldhybridrice4.__________Chinahasonlylessthan9percentofthearable(可耕的)landintheworld.

Whenamemorialservice5.__________(hold)inChangshatwodayslater,thousandsofpeople6.__________(jam)intothefuneralhome,layingflowersorbunchesofrice,alongwithmessagesofgriefandadmiration,andpicturestheyhaddrawnforhim.Thousands7.__________(many)attendedtheonlinememorial,andmanyof8.__________hadbeeninotherpartsofChina.

Onsocialmedia,peoplepostedimagesoftheiremptyplates,9.__________(write)theywouldmissYuanwhentheyateandpromisingnottowastericeandotherfood.“Itwas10.__________(extreme)raretoseesomanypeoplecomeunaffectedlytomournsomeone,”aworkeratthefuneralhometoldChinaNewsService.

【文章大意】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道,報(bào)道了人們和“雜交水稻之父”袁隆平最后離別的情景。1.【解析】tosay?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。句意:5月22日,一大群人站在醫(yī)院外面,只為了向這位老人告別,他們開始喊:“袁爺爺,安息吧!”這是一個(gè)不同尋常的場(chǎng)景。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知say在句中應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式,此處為不定式作目的狀語,故填tosay。2.【解析】for?？疾榻樵~。句意:5月22日,因在中國種植超級(jí)雜交水稻而聞名的袁隆平因器官衰竭去世,享年91歲。表示“因……而聞名”的短語為(be)famousfor,故填for。3.【解析】security?？疾槊~。句意:但他留下的遺產(chǎn)將繼續(xù)改善世界各地的糧食安全和研究,并激勵(lì)一代又一代農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)家。此處作賓語,表示“安全”應(yīng)用名詞security。故填security。4.【解析】though/although?？疾闋钫Z從句。句意:通過種植高產(chǎn)雜交水稻,他的研究幫助養(yǎng)活了占世界人口近五分之一的14億中國人,盡管中國只有不到世界9%的耕