【答案】《GreenChemistry》(四川大學(xué))章節(jié)期末慕課答案

有些題目順序不一致，下載后按鍵盤ctrl+F進(jìn)行搜索1stWeek.Chapter1Introduction1stWeek.Chapter1Homework-TypicalEnvironmentalProblems1.Pleasechooseoneofthetypicalenvironmentalproblemsinvolvinginchemistry,stateitsstatusandthereason,andthensuggestyouropiniononhowtoalleviateorsolvetheseriousenvironmentalproblems.(NOTE:PleasewriteinEnglish.注意！請(qǐng)將作業(yè)線下完成，再以圖片形式上傳至此處，規(guī)范書寫涉及的化學(xué)式、化學(xué)符號(hào)及數(shù)學(xué)公式，直接線上作答會(huì)有數(shù)據(jù)遺失及亂碼的情況。)

答案：【Anyenvironmentalprobleminvolvinginchemistry.】2.StudentNumber(學(xué)號(hào)),StudentName(姓名),ClassNumber/Teacher’sname(課序號(hào)或者課程教師姓名).(Note:5points)

答案：【不寫沒分】2ndWeek.Chapter2GreenChemistry2ndWeek.Chapter2Homework11.StudentNumber(學(xué)號(hào)),StudentName(姓名),ClassNumber/Teacher’sname(課序號(hào)或者課程教師姓名).(Note:5points)

答案：【寫全5分】2.Pleasestatebrieflythesimilarityandthedifferencebetweengreenchemistryandthetraditionalwayofenvironmentalprotection.(NOTE:PleasewriteinEnglish.注意！請(qǐng)將作業(yè)線下完成，再以圖片形式上傳至此處，規(guī)范書寫涉及的化學(xué)式、化學(xué)符號(hào)及數(shù)學(xué)公式，直接線上作答會(huì)有數(shù)據(jù)遺失及亂碼的情況。)

答案：【Analyzerationallythesimilarityandthedifferencebetweengreenchemistryandthetraditionalwaytotreatenvironmentalpollution.Ifonlyyougiveananswer,youcangetmorethan20points.】3rdWeek.Chapter2GreenChemistry3rdWeek.Chapter2Homework21.Pleasegiveusanexampletoillustratethattheatomiceconomicreactionisanecessaryconditionfornopollution.

答案：【Refertothematerialsorliteraturetogivespecificexamplestoanswer.Moremarkswillbeobtainedbygivingspecificchemicalequations,andIfonlyyougiveananswer,youcangetmorethan15points】2.SeethefollowingmethodforthepreparationofcyclohexaneoxideusingCH2Cl2or[Bmin]BF4(ionicliquid)assolvent.Pleasecalculateseparatelytheatomutilization(AU)andEfactorofRun1andRun2,andthenevaluatethepossibleinfluenceofreactionsolventonAUandEfactorofachemicalreaction.

答案：【4】3.Pleaseexplainbrieflytheconcept"Environmentalquotient(EQ)".

答案：【3】4.Pleaseexplainbrieflytheconcept"Environmentalfactor".

答案：【2】5.Pleaseexplaintheconcept"atomutilization".（Note:Herearefivequestions!Thisisthefirstone.Don'tforgetwriteyourname,classnumberandstudentnumber.PleaseunloadthepicturestofinishyourhomeworkandwriteinEnglish.）

答案：【1】4th.Week.Chapter2GreenChemistry4thWeek.Chapter2Homework31.What'sthechemicalessenceofbiodiesel?Canyougiveanexampleofeffectiveandenvironmentallybenigncatalystsandcatalyticprocessesforbiodieselproduction?(Note:Pleasewriteyourname,studentnumberandclass)

答案：【1）Essenceofbiodiesel:Avegetableoil-/animalfat-baseddieselfuelconsistingoflong-chainalkyl(methyl,ethyl,orpropyl)esters.2）RefertothetextbookorliteraturetogivespecificexamplestoanswerJustgiveaspecificexampleandyoucanscoremorethan13points】5thWeek.Chapter2GreenChemistry5thWeek.Chapter2Homework41.Pleasechooseausedcurrentlyorganicsyntheticrouteandreviewitusingtheprinciplesofgreenchemistry,thendesignanewgreenersyntheticroute.

答案：【RefertothematerialsorliteraturetogivespecificexamplestoanswerJustgiveaspecificexampleandyoucanscoremorethan40points】2.Howtomakeachemicalreactiongreenerinareactionprocess?（note:pleasewriteyournameandstudentnumberhere.）

答案：【1】6thWeek.Chapter2GreenChemistry6thWeek.Chapter2Homework51.Howtodesignsaferchemical?

答案：【Refertotextbookandvideocoursewareforanswers.】2.Pleasestatebrieflythe12principlesofgreenchemistry.(Pleasewriteyournameandstudentnumberhere.)

答案：【Refertotextbookandvideocoursewareforanswers】6thWeek.Chapter2-UnitTest1.多選題：Theenergyiswidelyusedinchemistryandchemicalindustryinthefollowingaspects:

選項(xiàng)：

A、Acceleratesthereactionratewithheat

B、Theneedtocontrolreactivitythroughcooling

C、Pre-heatingofthereactionmixture

D、Separationenergyrequirement

答案：【Acceleratesthereactionratewithheat;Theneedtocontrolreactivitythroughcooling;Pre-heatingofthereactionmixture;Separationenergyrequirement】2.多選題：Thereactiontypesinvolvedinbiomassconversiontofinechemicalsandliquidfuelsinclude:

選項(xiàng)：

A、Hydrolysis

B、Deoxygenation

C、Condensation

D、Hydrogenation

答案：【Hydrolysis;Deoxygenation;Condensation;Hydrogenation】3.多選題：OneoftheresearchareainGreenChemistryistouserenewablefeedstocksforchemicalproduction.Whichcouldbeusedasfeedstocksforchemicalproductioninthefollowingresources?

選項(xiàng)：

A、Kitchengarbage

B、Wastecookingoil

C、Agriculturalwastes

D、Microalgae

答案：【Kitchengarbage;Wastecookingoil;Agriculturalwastes;Microalgae】4.多選題：Theserenewablefeed-stocksaremostoftenassociatedwithbiologicalandplantbasedstartingmaterials,including:

選項(xiàng)：

A、Agriculturalwastes

B、Sawdust

C、Carbondioxide

D、Coal

答案：【Agriculturalwastes;Sawdust】5.多選題：Insomecases,theapplicationofatomiceconomicalreactioninchemicalsynthesisisnotenoughforeliminatingtheformationofwastes.Thesecasesinclude:

選項(xiàng)：

A、Thepresenceofparallelreaction

B、Lowequilibriumconversion

C、Lowproductstereoselectivity

D、Difficultyinproductseparation

答案：【Thepresenceofparallelreaction;Lowequilibriumconversion;Lowproductstereoselectivity;Difficultyinproductseparation】6.多選題：Severalunconventionalprocessingtechniquesthatrelyonalternativeformsandsourcesofenergyareofimportanceforprocessintensification.Thesealternativeformsandsourcesofenergyinclude:

選項(xiàng)：

A、Sonic

B、Microwaves

C、Solarenergy

D、Photoandotherradiation

答案：【Sonic;Microwaves;Solarenergy;Photoandotherradiation】7.多選題：Whichtypicalenvironmentalproblemsinthefollowingarerelatedtochemicalindustry?

選項(xiàng)：

A、Depletionofozonelayer

B、Photochemicalsmogandhaze

C、Acidrain

D、Globalwarming

答案：【Depletionofozonelayer;Photochemicalsmogandhaze;Acidrain;Globalwarming】8.單選題：Chemicalreactionwith100%atomutilizationhastwocharacteristics.Thereactantscouldbefullyutilized,andtheresourcecouldbemostpossiblyusedeconomically.Thewastecouldbeminimized.

選項(xiàng)：

A、正確

B、錯(cuò)誤

答案：【正確】9.單選題：Traditionalpollutiontreatmentcanprovideapermanentcure.

選項(xiàng)：

A、正確

B、錯(cuò)誤

答案：【錯(cuò)誤】10.單選題：Oneoftheobviouseffectofcatalysistofacilitatethereactionistominimizetheactivationenergy(energycosts),andthusreducethereactiontemperature.

選項(xiàng)：

A、正確

B、錯(cuò)誤

答案：【正確】11.單選題：Thegoalofgreenchemistryistoeliminatethepotentialofpollutionbeforeitoccurs.

選項(xiàng)：

A、正確

B、錯(cuò)誤

答案：【正確】12.單選題：Wecancontrolthereactionprocessevenwecannotmeasuretheparametersofchemicalreaction.

選項(xiàng)：

A、正確

B、錯(cuò)誤

答案：【錯(cuò)誤】13.單選題：Renewablefeedstocksarethesubstancesthatareeasilyregeneratedwithintimeframesthatareaccessibletothehumanlifetime,includingcarbondioxideandmethane.

選項(xiàng)：

A、正確

B、錯(cuò)誤

答案：【正確】14.單選題：Theatomiceconomicalreactionisnotarequisitecondition(必要條件)foreliminatingtheformationofwastesbecausethelowequilibriumconversionandlowproductselectivityinachemicalreactionwillalsobringaboutpollutions.

選項(xiàng)：

A、正確

B、錯(cuò)誤

答案：【錯(cuò)誤】15.單選題：Thegoalofgreenchemistryistotreattheenvironmentalpollutionsalreadygeneratedinchemicalreactions.

選項(xiàng)：

A、正確

B、錯(cuò)誤

答案：【錯(cuò)誤】7thWeek.Chapter3DesigningSaferChemicals7thWeek.Chapter3Homework11.Pleaseexplainthemaincontentoftheinternalconsiderationsfordesigningsaferchemicals.

答案：【RefertoPPT/lecture.】2.Pleaseexplainthemaincontentoftheexternalconsiderationsfordesigningsaferchemicals.(Pleasewriteyournameandstudentnumberhere.)

答案：【2】8thWeek.Chapter3DesigningSaferChemicals8thWeek.Chapter3Homework21.Howtomodifythemolecularpropertiestoavoidtheabsorptionfromthegastrointestinaltract,thelungandtheskin?(Pleasereadthequestioncarefully!Writeyourname,studentnumberandclassnumber)

答案：【Consulttextbooks,videocoursewaretoanswerthequestion,andgivethespecifictips.】9thWeek.Chapter3DesigningSaferChemicals9thWeek.Chapter3Homework31.PleasedescribethedefinitionofStructure-ActivityRelationships(SARs)andDescriptors

答案：【3】2.Whatarethestructuralcharacteristicsoftypicalelectrophilicsubstances?Whatarethereactionstheyundergowithbiologicalnucleophiles?

答案：【2】10thWeek.Chapter3DesigningSaferChemicals10thWeek.Chapter3-UnitTest1.多選題：Propertiesofchemicalsrelatedtotheirenvironmentaldistributionordispersioninclude:

選項(xiàng)：

A、Volatility(揮發(fā)性)ormeltingpoint

B、Persistence(持久性)orbiodegradability

C、Watersolubility

D、Conversiontobiologicallyinactivesubstances

答案：【Volatility(揮發(fā)性)ormeltingpoint;Persistence(持久性)orbiodegradability;Watersolubility;Conversiontobiologicallyinactivesubstances】2.多選題：Internalconsiderationsfordesigningsaferchemicalsmeanthepreventionoftoxiceffect(預(yù)防毒性).Theygenerallyincludeapproachesusingmolecularmanipulationstoreachthefollowingpurposes.

選項(xiàng)：

A、Toavoidindirectbio-toxicityorbio-activation(生物活化)

B、Toavoiddirecttoxicity

C、Tofacilitatetheuptakeofchemicalsbyorganisms

D、Tofacilitatebio-detoxication

答案：【Toavoidindirectbio-toxicityorbio-activation(生物活化);Toavoiddirecttoxicity;Tofacilitatebio-detoxication】3.多選題：Whatarewronginthefollowingdescriptions?

選項(xiàng)：

A、Pharmacophoreisastructuralfeaturethatthebiologicalresponseisdesiredinthecaseofdrugs

B、Pharmacophoreisastructuralfeaturethatthebiologicalresponseisundesiredinthecaseofdrugs

C、Toxicophoreisastructuralfeaturethatthebiologicaleffectisundesiredinthecaseofcommercialchemicals

D、Toxicophoreisastructuralfeaturethatthebiologicaleffectisdesiredinthecaseofcommercialchemicalsubstances

答案：【Pharmacophoreisastructuralfeaturethatthebiologicalresponseisundesiredinthecaseofdrugs;Toxicophoreisastructuralfeaturethatthebiologicaleffectisdesiredinthecaseofcommercialchemicalsubstances】4.多選題：Howtochangethepropertyofachemicalinordertoavoiditstoxicitytohumanbeingsandenvironment?

選項(xiàng)：

A、Tomakeitnottopossibletoenterthebody

B、Tomakeiteasilyabsorbed

C、Tomakeitnotpossibletoaffectthebiochemicalandphysiologicalprocesseshazardously

D、Tomakeitpossibletoaffectthebiochemicalandphysiologicalprocesses

答案：【Tomakeitnottopossibletoenterthebody;Tomakeitnotpossibletoaffectthebiochemicalandphysiologicalprocesseshazardously】5.多選題：Toxicokineticsrefertotheinterrelationshipofthefollowingprocesses:

選項(xiàng)：

A、Absorption

B、Distribution

C、Mineralization

D、Catalysis

答案：【Absorption;Distribution】6.多選題：WecoulduseQSARequationstopredicttheaquatictoxicityofchemicalsbytransformingsomeimportantphysicochemicalpropertiesofthechemicalsintodescriptors.Theserelatedphysicochemicalpropertiesinclude:

選項(xiàng)：

A、Octanol-waterpartitioncoefficient(logP)

B、Watersolubility

C、Dissolutionconstant

D、Relativemolecularweight

答案：【Octanol-waterpartitioncoefficient(logP);Watersolubility;Dissolutionconstant;Relativemolecularweight】7.多選題：Thethreefundamentalrequirementsforchemicaltoxicityare

選項(xiàng)：

A、Exposure

B、Bio-accumulation

C、Bio-availability

D、Intrinsictoxicity

答案：【Exposure;Bio-availability;Intrinsictoxicity】8.單選題：Externalconsiderationsmeantheincrementofexposureoraccessibilityofchemicals.

選項(xiàng)：

A、正確

B、錯(cuò)誤

答案：【錯(cuò)誤】9.單選題：Non-polar,lipid-solublechemicalscanpenetratethecellularmembranesmorereadily,becausecellularmembraneshaveahigherlipidcontent.

選項(xiàng)：

A、正確

B、錯(cuò)誤

答案：【錯(cuò)誤】10.單選題：Thepurposeofmetabolismisdetoxication.

選項(xiàng)：

A、正確

B、錯(cuò)誤

答案：【正確】11.單選題：Internalconsiderationsfordesigningsaferchemicalsmeantopreventthetoxiceffectofchemicals.

選項(xiàng)：

A、正確

B、錯(cuò)誤

答案：【正確】12.單選題：ChemicalswithlogP≤2exhibitlowtoxicity,becausenosufficientlywatersolubilitytoenterthecellularmembranesofaquaticorganisms,thentheyarenotbioavailable.

選項(xiàng)：

A、正確

B、錯(cuò)誤

答案：【錯(cuò)誤】13.單選題：Electrophilicsubstances/metabolitesreactcovalentlywithnucleophilicsubstituentsofcellularmacromolecules.Thereversiblecovalentinteractionresultsinavarietyoftoxiceffects.

選項(xiàng)：

A、正確

B、錯(cuò)誤

答案：【錯(cuò)誤】14.單選題：Ifwewanttoreducetheabsorptionofachemicalsubstancefromthegastrointestinaltract,thelipidsolubilityshouldbedesignedatLogP＜5.

選項(xiàng)：

A、正確

B、錯(cuò)誤

答案：【錯(cuò)誤】15.單選題：Theconcentrationofaparticularsubstanceinitstargetorgansisnotnecessarilythehighest.

選項(xiàng)：

A、正確

B、錯(cuò)誤

答案：【正確】10thWeek.Chapter3Homework41.Pleaselistsomeofthetypicalisosteres.

答案：【22】2.Langmuir’sisostericreplacement

答案：【22】11thWeek.Chapter4ApplicationofDesigningSaferChemicals11thWeek.Chapter4Homework11.Pleaselistthetypicalmolecularfeaturesgenerallyincreasebiodegradability.

答案：【222】2.Whatarethecharacteristicsofchemicalstructuresandphysicochemicalpropertiesofdegradablecompounds?

答案：【total5aspects】3.PleasediscussthefeasibilityoftheisostericreplacementofCwithSiandtheadvantagesofSisubstituentsbasedonthechemicalfeaturesofSiandC.

答案：【2】12thWeek.Chapter4ApplicationofDesigningSaferChemicals12thWeekChapter4Homework21.Howtodesignthesaferchemicalsfromtheviewofmolecularweightandmolecularsize?

答案：【3】2.Whatarethegeneralrulesforcharacterizingthetoxicityofchemicalsusingoctanol-waterpartitioncoefficientlogP?

答案：【logP】13thWeek.Chapter4ApplicationofDesigningSaferChemicals13thWeekChapter4Unittest1.多選題：Thepossibleeffectsofthesolubilityofchemicalsonbiodegradabilityareasfollows:

選項(xiàng)：

A、Bio-activation

B、Rateofsolubilization

C、Enzymatichydrolysis

D、Microbialbioavailability

答案：【Rateofsolubilization;Microbialbioavailability】2.多選題：Thefollowingmolecularfeaturesofchemicalsgenerallydoincreasetheresistancetoaerobic(需氧)biodegradation,except:

選項(xiàng)：

A、Halogensandchainbranching

B、Potentialsitesofenzymatichydrolysis

C、Un-substitutedlinearalkylchains

D、Heterocyclicresidues

答案：【Potentialsitesofenzymatichydrolysis;Un-substitutedlinearalkylchains】3.多選題：Principlesfordesigningsaferdyechemicalstoaquaticspeciesinclude:

選項(xiàng)：

A、Thenumberofanionsshouldbelessthanthatofcations

B、Sulfonicgroup(磺酸基)isbetterthancarboxylicgroup(羧酸基)

C、Molecularweightshouldbelargerthan1000Daltons

D、Todecreasethediameterofthemolecule

答案：【Sulfonicgroup(磺酸基)isbetterthancarboxylicgroup(羧酸基);Molecularweightshouldbelargerthan1000Daltons】4.多選題：Classificationofsurfactantsincludes:

選項(xiàng)：

A、Cationicsurfactants

B、Anionicsurfactants

C、Neutralsurfactants

D、Amphotericsurfactants

答案：【Cationicsurfactants;Anionicsurfactants;Neutralsurfactants;Amphotericsurfactants】5.多選題：FordelocalizedcationicdyescontainingN,thetoxicitycomparisonshouldbe:

選項(xiàng)：

A、PrimaryN＞SecondaryN＞TertiaryN

B、PrimaryN＜SecondaryN＜TertiaryN

C、ThemoresubstituentsonNatomthereare,themoreacutethetoxicityis

D、ThemoresubstituentsonNatomthereare,thelessacutethetoxicityis

答案：【PrimaryN＜SecondaryN＜TertiaryN;ThemoresubstituentsonNatomthereare,themoreacutethetoxicityis】6.多選題：Biodegradabilityofchemicalsisusuallyenhancedbythefollowingmolecularfeatures:

選項(xiàng)：

A、Un-substitutedlinearalkylandphenylrings

B、Heterocyclicresidues

C、Oxygenintheformofhydroxylorcarboxylicgroups

D、Halogens

答案：【Un-substitutedlinearalkylandphenylrings;Oxygenintheformofhydroxylorcarboxylicgroups】7.多選題：Whichgroupofmetalsinthefollowingshouldweavoidusingwhenwearedesigningmetalizedaciddyes(金屬化酸性染料).

選項(xiàng)：

A、Al,Cr,orCo

B、Al,Cr,orZn

C、Cr,Co,orZn

D、Fe,Cu,orZn

答案：【Al,Cr,orCo;Al,Cr,orZn;Cr,Co,orZn】8.單選題：TheintroductionofOisparticularlyimportantforbiodegradation,becausethe1ststepofbiodegradationissomekindofoxidationreactionwhichisalmostalwaystheratelimitingstep.

選項(xiàng)：

A、正確

B、錯(cuò)誤

答案：【正確】9.單選題：Themajorityofchemicalsthataretoxictoaquaticspeciesaretoxicbyspecifictoxicity.

選項(xiàng)：

A、正確

B、錯(cuò)誤

答案：【錯(cuò)誤】10.單選題：IfwecomparethemoleculeA()withanothermoleculeB(),themoleculeAshowshighertoxicitythanthemoleculeB.

選項(xiàng)：

A、正確

B、錯(cuò)誤

答案：【錯(cuò)誤】11.單選題：Theeventualmineralizationoforganiccompoundscanbeattributedpredominantlytothebiodegradationbyhigherorganisms.

選項(xiàng)：

A、正確

B、錯(cuò)誤

答案：【錯(cuò)誤】12.單選題：DDDisasilaneanalogofDDT(organochlorinepesticide有機(jī)氯殺蟲劑),theformerismorebiodegradablethanthelatter.

選項(xiàng)：

A、正確

B、錯(cuò)誤

答案：【正確】13.單選題：IfOhasbeeninsertedintothestructureduringmoleculardesign,thebiodegradabilityofachemicalwillbeenhanced.

選項(xiàng)：

A、正確

B、錯(cuò)誤

答案：【正確】14.單選題：Forveryinsolublechemicals,thereplacementofagivenfunctionalgroupthatincreasessolubilitymayreducethebiodegradability.

選項(xiàng)：

A、正確

B、錯(cuò)誤

答案：【錯(cuò)誤】15.單選題：Muscarinicantagonistis(蠅覃堿拮抗劑)isasilaneanalogofneopentylcarbamate(新戊基氨基甲酸酯),theformerismorebiodegradablethanthelatter.

選項(xiàng)：

A、正確

B、錯(cuò)誤

答案：【正確】13thWeekChapter4Homework31.Pleasediscusstheclassificationoforganicdyesbasedonthegroupfeatureofdyes.Whatarethegeneralprinciplesfordesigningsaferdyechemicalstoaquaticspecies?

答案：【4generalaspects】14thWeek.Chapter5TechniquesinGreenChemistry14thWeekChapter5Homework11.Whatarenewgreenoxidantscomparedwithtraditionalinorganicoxidants?Whataretheirfeatures?

答案：【5】2.Pleaseillustratethestructuralinfluenceofcatalystsonreactionselectivitybythealkylationofnaphthalenewithpropylene.

答案：【Anexampleincourseware】3.Whydowesayacatalystplayanimportantroleingreenchemistry?

答案：【Frompollutionandgreenchemistry】15thWeek.Chapter5TechniquesinGreenChemistry15thWeekChapter5Homework21.PleasestatethecharactersofSCFcomparedwithcommonfluid,andtheadvantagesofSCFusedasachemicalmedium.(charactersandadvantages)

答案：【2】2.Howtochangereactionsolventaccordingtotheviewpointofgreenchemistry?Andtheircharacters?

答案：【mainly5solventsystems】16thWeek.Chapter5TechniquesinGreenChemistry16thWeekChapter5-Unittest1.多選題：Volatileorganiccompounds(VOCs)arefrequentlyusedassolventsinchemicalreactions,therebyleadingtopotentialharmfulnesstohandlersandenvironments.Fromtheviewpointsofgreenchemistry,whichinthefollowingcouldbeusedasnewsolventsinsteadofVOCsforchemicaltransformation?

選項(xiàng)：

A、Ionicliquids

B、SupercriticalCO2

C、Dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO)

D、Subcriticalwater

答案：【Ionicliquids;SupercriticalCO2;Subcriticalwater】2.多選題：Oxidationreactionsarefrequentlyusedinpetrol-refinery(石油煉制).Tominimizethepollutionsinducedbyinorganicoxidants,somegreenoxidantscouldbeusedinchemicalsynthesis.Thesegreenoxidantsinclude:

選項(xiàng)：

A、HNO3

B、O3

C、N2O

D、latticeoxygen

答案：【O3;N2O;latticeoxygen】3.多選題：Catalyticdistillationisakindoftechniqueofprocessintensification,whichcombinesthecatalyticreactionandproductseparationinasingledistillationcolumn.Whichequipmentortechniquesinthefollowingareincludedinprocessintensification?

選項(xiàng)：

A、Membranereactor

B、StaticMixers

C、Microreactors

D、Vacuumdistillation

答案：【Membranereactor;StaticMixers;Microreactors】4.多選題：Consideringthefoodrequirement,thefollowingbiomassresourcescouldbeusedasthechemicalfeedstocksforproducingfinechemicalsandliquidfuels:

選項(xiàng)：

A、Woodywastes

B、Microalgae

C、Wheat

D、Rice

答案：【W(wǎng)oodywastes;Microalgae】5.多選題：Theuseofcatalystsispreferredingreenchemistrybecauseofthefollowingreasons:

選項(xiàng)：

A、Increasetheselectivityofaspecialproduct

B、Promotethechemicalprocesses

C、Reduceenvironmentalpollutions

D、Activatenewstartingmaterials

答案：【Increasetheselectivityofaspecialproduct;Promotethechemicalprocesses;Reduceenvironmentalpollutions;Activatenewstartingmaterials】6.多選題：WecanusethefollowingsubstancestoreplacethetraditionalinorganicoxidantssuchasCrO3,KMnO4,andHNO3incleaneroxidationreactions:

選項(xiàng)：

A、H2O2

B、Latticeoxygen

C、N2O

D、O2

答案：【H2O2;Latticeoxygen;N2O;O2】7.多選題：Volatileorganiccompounds(VOCs)arefrequentlyusedassolventsinchemicalreactions,whichwillleadtopotentialharmfulnesstohandlersandenvironments.Fromtheviewpointsofgreenchemistry,whichinthefollowingcouldbeusedasnewsolventsinsteadofVOCsforchemicalsynthesis?

選項(xiàng)：

A、Water

B、SupercriticalCO2

C、Tetrahydrofuran(THF)

D、Deepeutectics(低共熔溶劑)

答案：【W(wǎng)ater;SupercriticalCO2;Deepeutectics(低共熔溶劑)】8.單選題：Theaqueoussolubilityofachemicalonbiodegradabilitydoesnotinfluenceitsmicrobialbioavailability.

選項(xiàng)：

A、正確

B、錯(cuò)誤

答案：【錯(cuò)誤】9.單選題：Ionicliquidscanbeusedasgreensolventsbecausetheyexhibithighsolubilitytoawideoforganic,inorganicandorganometalliccompounds,areflammableandhavehighvaporpressure.

選項(xiàng)：

A、正確

B、錯(cuò)誤

答案：【錯(cuò)誤】10.單選題：Catalystscanimprovethereactionconditions,suchastemperature,pressureandenergyconsuming,andeliminatetheusageoftoxicreactionmedium.

選項(xiàng)：

A、正確

B、錯(cuò)誤

答案：【正確】11.單選題：Insomecases,theuseofcatalystscaneliminatetheuseoftoxicreactionmediainchemicalsynthesis.

選項(xiàng)：

A、正確

B、錯(cuò)誤

答案：【正確】12.單選題：Themembranereactorisaninstanceforprocessintensification,whichcombinesthefunctionsofchemicalreactionandseparationintoasinglereactor.

選項(xiàng)：

A、正確

B、錯(cuò)誤

答案：【正確】13.單選題：Room-temperatureionicliquids(ILs)aregoodsolventsfordissolvingawiderangeoforganic,inorganicandorganometalliccompounds.

選項(xiàng)：

A、正確

B、錯(cuò)誤

答案：【正確】14.單選題：SupercriticalCO2canbeusedasagreensolventbecausealloftheorganic,inorganicandorganometalliccompoundscouldbedissolvedinit.

選項(xiàng)：

A、正確

B、錯(cuò)誤

答案：【錯(cuò)誤】16thWeekChapter5Homework31.Whatisthereactivecatalyticdistillation?Pleasediscussitscharacters.

答案：【22】2.Whatisprocessintensification?Whatwayscanbeusedtorealizetheprocessintensification?

答案：【Refertotextbookandcourseware】ThethirdperiodfinalexamofGreenChemistryThethirdperiodfinalexamofGreenChemistry1.Withthedepletionoffossilenergyandenvironmentaldegradation,theuseofrenewableresourceshasbecomearesearchhotspotinrecentyears.Moreandmoreattentionhasbeenpaidtotheefficientconversionandeffectiveutilizationofbiomassresources.Biomassrawmaterialshavecomplexcomponentsandneedtobeprocessedbeforebeingused.Infact,thestructuralheterogeneityandthepresenceofnetworksofinter-andintra-molecularinteractionsinbiopolymermatricesremainunsolvedchallengestocleanpretreatmentforbiocompositeprocessing.Thetraditionalbiomassdissolvingandpretreatingsystemincludesstrongalkalisystemandcopperammoniasolutionsystem.In2002,Rogersetal.[J.Am.Chem.Soc.2002,124,4974-4975]showedthattheionicliquid(IL)1-butyl-3-methylimidazoliumchloride([BMIM]Cl)isapowerfulsolventforcellulose.InIL,cellulosecanbedegradedtosugars,whichcanfurtherbeconvertedinto5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF),levulinicacid,formicacid,malicacid,gluconicacid,sorbitol,C12-alkane(themaincomponentoffuel),andsoon,throughdehydration,hydrolysis,oxidation,hydrogenationandotherreactions,asshowninFigure2.In2007,LiandZhao[Adv.Synth.Catal.,2007,349,1847-1850]reportedforthefirsttimeannovelmethodforcellulosehydrolysisin[BMIM]ClcatalyzedbyH2SO4withoutpretreatment.Withthismethod,hydrolysisproceededatarelativelylowertemperatureandunderatmosphericpressurewithreducedacidloadingandwithoutcompromisingtheproductyield.Next,Schüthetal.[Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.,2008,47,8047-8050]usedtheacidicresinAmberlyst15DRYcatalysttostudythedepolymerizationofcellulosein[BMIM]ClIL.TheyfoundthatsolidacidsarepowerfulcatalystsforthehydrolysisofcellulosedissolvedinanIL.Celluloseundergoesselectivedepolymerizationtoyieldcelluloseoligomers(cello-oligomers)withoutanysubstantialformationofsideproducts.Thecello-oligomersarereadilyseparatedbyadditionofwater.Interestingly,afterareactiontimeof5h,theisolatedcello-oligomersconsistedofapproximatelytenanhydroglucoseunits(AGU).Theamountofisolatedcellulosedecreasedduringthereactionfrom90%attheinitialtimeto48%after5h.Theseresultsarenotexpectedonthebasisoftheexperiencegainedforconventionaldilutedacidhydrolysisofcelluloseinaqueousslurries.Theeaseofcelluloseprocessingusingsolidcatalystscouldleadtonovelprocessoptionsandallowthelarge-scaleuseofcellulosedepolymerizationasthefirststepinbiorefineries.Questions:(1)Correlatetheabovecontentstosomeofthe12principlesofgreenchemistry？(6’)(2)Accordingtoyourknowledgelearnedingreenchemistry,pleasetrytocommentontheadvantagesoftheabove-mentionedcontentsfromtheviewpointsofstartingmaterials,solvents,catalysts,andsoon.(21’)

答案：【Thefourthquestion】2.Someopportunitiesforpollutionpreventionbymoleculardesignexistinindustry.Surfactantshavemanyusesasantistaticagents,dyelevelingagents,lubricants,etc.,andsubstantialvolumesofwastewaterthatmustbetreatedbeforebeingreleasearegeneratedintextileprocessing.SomesurfactantshavebeenthesubjectofnumerousPMNs(PMN:Premanufacturingnotice)atEPA(EnvironmentalProtectionAgency).AnexamplefromEPA’sPMNprogramisagroupofalkylphosphatesurfactantssuchasisooctadecanolphosphatethatishydrolysable.ItsstructureisshowninthefollowingschemewhereMisthecounterion.Someexpertshavestronglyrecommendedthatphosphateinputstosurfacewatersbereducedsignificantlyintheinterestofenvironmentalprotection.Questions:(1)Pleasediscussthestructuralfeaturesofisooctadecanolphosphateandthepossibleconsequencesforenvironment,andsuggest2possiblereasonswhytheexpertssuggestedreducingsignificantlytheinputofphosphatetowater.(8’)(2)Pleasegive4possibleapproachestoreducethepotentialharmfulnessoftheabovephosphatetoaqueousspeciesbymolecularmodificationfromtheviewpointsofgreenchemistry.(8’)

答案：【Thethirdquestion】3.Pyrethrinsareaclassofinsecticides.Thepyrethrinana