Worldmentalhealthtoday

Latestdata

WrdHeath

rgnZtn

worldHealthorganization

Worldmentalhealthtoday

Latestdata

Worldmentalhealthtoday:latestdata

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Contents

Foreword v

Acknowledgements vi

Executivesummary vii

1.Introduction 1

1.1Overview 2

1.2Dataforassessingworldmentalhealth 3

2.Epidemiologicaloverview 5

2.1Prevalence 6

2.1.1Prevalenceinmalesandfemales 13

2.1.2Prevalenceinchildrenandadolescents 14

2.1.3Prevalenceinolderadults 15

2.1.4Geographicaldisparities 16

2.2Mortality 19

2.2.1Prematuremortality 19

2.2.2Suicide 20

2.3Burden 23

3.Economicconsequences 27

4.Gapsinmentalhealthsystems 31

4.1Theinformationgap 33

4.1.1Limitedmentalhealthdata 33

4.1.2Insufficientandimbalancedresearch 33

4.2Thegovernancegap 35

4.2.1Inadequatepolicies,plansandlaws 35

4.2.2Disparitiesandmisplacedpriorities 37

4.3Theresourcesgap 38

4.3.1Scantspending 40

4.3.2Scarceworkforceformentalhealth 41

4.3.3Lackofessentialmedicines 42

4.3.4Adigitaldivide 43

4.4Theservicesgap 44

4.4.1Poortreatmentcoverage 44

4.4.2Variablequalityandrangeofservicesavailable 44

5.Conclusion 47

References 4

9

v

Foreword

Mentalhealthisanessentialcomponentofhealth,well-beingandsustainabledevelopment.Yet

mentalhealthremainsoneofthemostneglectedareasofpublichealthandhealthservicesdelivery.Ongoingcrises,socioeconomicuncertaintiesandpressuresonyoungpeoplehaveonlydeepenedtheurgencytoact.

Thispublicationisanupdateofthedatachapterofour2022Worldmentalhealthreport:transformingmentalhealthforall.Itbringstogetherthemost

recentglobaldataontheprevalence,burden,andcostofmentalhealthconditions–data

thatareindispensableforshapingeffective,

evidence-informedresponses.Drawingonthe

Mentalhealthatlas2024bytheWorldHealth

Organization(WHO),italsoshedslighton

resourceavailabilityformentalhealth,includingpersistentgapsinservicecoverage,financing,andworkforcecapacity.

The2025UnitedNationsHigh-LevelMeetingon

NoncommunicableDiseasesandMentalHealth

highlightsthecentralimportanceofthisissue

andthisreportoffersacomprehensivebasisfor

discussionsonactionstoimprovementalhealtharoundtheworld.Itremindsusthatmentalhealthisnotaperipheralissuebutcentraltoimprovinghealthandwell-beinggloballyandtoachieving

universalhealthcoverageandotherSustainableDevelopmentGoals.

Icommendthisupdatetoall–governments,

healthprofessionals,researchersandcivilsociety–andencourageitsusetodrivethetransformativechangeweneed.Letitservenotonlyasastatus

report,butasacatalystforstrongercommitment,smarterinvestment,andmoreequitablemental

healthpolicies.AsIhavestatedmanytimesbefore,thereisnohealthwithoutmentalhealth.

DrTedrosAdhanomGhebreyesus

Director-GeneralWorldHealthOrganization

Worldmentalhealthtoday:latestdata

Acknowledgements

Oversight

DévoraKestelandMarkvanOmmeren(WHODepartmentofNoncommunicableDiseasesandMentalHealth).

Projectcoordination,writingandediting

SianLewis,AnnedeGraaff,DanChisholm,

andMarkvanOmmeren(WHODepartmentof

NoncommunicableDiseasesandMentalHealth).

WHOcontributorsandreviewers

PiumeeBandara,AnjaBusse,SudiptoChatterjee,LarsDumke,AlexandraFleischmann,Audrey

Fontaine,BrandonGray,KennethCarswell,

InkaWeissbecker(WHODepartmentof

NoncommunicableDiseasesandMentalHealth).AtsuroTsutsumiandJasmineVergara(WHO

RegionalOfficefortheWesternPacific).

vi

Externalcontributorsandreviewers

AlizeFerrari(UniversityofQueensland,Brisbane,Australia),MelvynFreeman(Johannesburg,SouthAfrica),ZeinabHijazi(UnitedNationsChildren’s

Fund(UNICEF),NewYork,UnitedStatesofAmerica(USA)),AsmaHumayun(MinistryofPlanning,

DevelopmentandSpecialInitiatives,Islamabad,

Pakistan),SarahKline(UnitedforGlobalMental

Health,London,UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland),MarioMaj(Universityof

Campania“L.Vanvitelli”,Naples,Italy),JoseángelGarcíaPacheco(WHOCollaboratingCenterfor

ResearchandCapacityBuildinginGlobalMentalHealth,ColumbiaUniversity,NewYork,USA),

GeoffreyM.Reed(WHOCollaboratingCenterfor

ResearchandCapacityBuildinginGlobalMentalHealth,ColumbiaUniversity,NewYork,USA),

DamianSantomauro(QueenslandCentrefor

MentalHealthResearch,Wacol,Australia),ShekharSaxena(HarvardT.H.ChanSchoolofPublic

Health,Boston,USA),PratapSharan(AllIndiaInstituteofMedicalSciences,NewDelhi,India).

InaccordancewithUnitedNationsproceduresallexternalcontributorscompletedandsignedastandardWHODeclarationofInterestform.

Thesewerereviewedbythecoordinatingteam.

Noconflictsofinterestwereidentified.

TheWorldmentalhealthreport:transformingmentalhealthforall(2022)providedthe

foundationaltextforthispublication.

ThisprojectwasmadepossiblewiththefinancialsupportofWHOAssessedContributions.

vii

Executivesummary

Mentalhealthneedsarehighbutresponsesareinsufficientandinadequate.

Thisdocumentdrawsonthelatestinformation

availabletooutlinethestateofmentalhealthandmentalhealthsystemsintheworld.Itshowsthatmentalhealthconditionsremainhighlyprevalent,withmorethanabillionpeopleworldwidelivingwithamentaldisorder.Theprevalenceofdifferentmentaldisordersvarieswithsex,withfemales

mostaffectedoverall.Inbothmalesandfemales,anxietydisordersanddepressivedisordersare

themostcommon.

Morethan

1billion

peopleworldwidelivewithamentaldisorder.

Suicideaffectspeoplefromallcountriesand

contextsandisamajorcauseofdeathamong

youngpeople.Globally,suicideaccountsformorethanoneinevery100deathsandforeachdeaththereare20suicideattempts.

Mentaldisordersaccountforoneintwentydisability-adjustedlifeyears(DALYs)globally.

Theyarealsothesecondleadingcauseofyearslivedwithdisability(YLDs),accountingforoneineverysixYLDsglobally.DepressiveandanxietydisordersaremajorcontributorstoYLDsinall

agegroups(except0–5-year-olds),andespeciallyfor15–29-year-olds.Schizophreniaandbipolardisorder,whichaffectabout1in200and1in

150adultsrespectively,areaprimaryconcern.

Schizophreniainitsacutestateismodelledto

bethemostimpairingofallhealthconditions.

Peoplewithschizophreniadieonaveragenineyearsearlierthanthegeneralpopulation,oftenofpreventablenoncommunicablediseases.

Peoplewithbipolardisorderdieonaverage

13yearsearlier.

Theeconomicconsequencesofmentalhealth

conditionsareenormous.Productivitylosses

andotherindirectcoststosocietyfaroutstrip

healthcarecosts.Financially,schizophreniaisthecostliestmentaldisorderperpersontosociety.

Depressiveandanxietydisordersarelesscostlyperperson;butsincetheyaremuchmoreprevalent,

thesecollectivelycontributemajorlytooverall

nationalcosts.Annualglobalproductivitylossesforthesetwodisordersaloneareestimatedtobe

US$1trillion.

Peoplewithmentalhealthconditionsremain

severelyunderserved.Mentalhealthsystems

allovertheworldaremarkedbylargegapsand

imbalancesinresources,services,information

andresearch,aswellasgovernance,especiallyinlow-incomecountries.Otherhealthconditionsareoftenprioritizedovermentalhealthand,within

mentalhealthbudgets,community-basedmentalhealthcareisconsistentlyunderfunded.

US$1trillion

inannualproductivitylossesduetodepressionand

anxiety.

viii

Worldmentalhealthtoday:latestdata

Onaverage,countriesdedicatejust2%oftheirhealthbudgetstomentalhealth.Morethan

halfofmentalhealthexpenditureinlow-and

middle-incomecountriesstillgoestowards

psychiatrichospitals.Inlow-incomecountries

therearelittlemorethanonementalhealthworkerofanykindper100000population,comparedwithmorethan60inhigh-incomecountries.Two-thirdsofcountrieshavejustonepsychiatristtoserve

200000ormorepeople.Andtheavailabilityofaffordableessentialpsychotropicmedicinesandpsychologicalinterventionsremainslimited,

especiallyinlow-incomecountries.

Only9%

ofpeoplewithdepressionreceiveadequatetreatment.

Mostpeoplewithmentalhealthconditionsdonotreceiveformalmentalhealthcare.Inallcountries,gapsinservicecoveragearecompoundedby

gapsinqualityofcare.Fewerthanoneinten

(9%)peoplewithmajordepressivedisorderhavebeenestimatedtoreceiveminimallyadequatetreatmentglobally.

Thisreportprovidesessentialdatatoguide

nationalandglobaldialogue,includingduring

the2025UnitedNationsHigh-LevelMeetingon

NoncommunicableDiseasesandMentalHealth

inNewYork.Ithighlightswhereprogressisbeingmade–andwherecriticalgapspersist.Thisreportshouldserveasavitaltoolforpolicy-makers,

implementersandadvocatesalike.

Introduction

1

Worldmentalhealthtoday:latestdata

In2022,WHOpublishedWorldmentalhealth

report:transformingmentalhealthforall,

providingalandmarkoverviewofmentalhealth

globally,groundedinthebestavailableevidenceatthetime

(1)

.Sincethen,theworldhascontinuedtochangeandnewdatahaveemerged.

Inthisreport,wepresentthelatestdataavailableonboththeprevalenceandburdenofmental

disorders,lookingbeyondtheimpactofmortalityanddisabilitytoalsocapturetheimmense

economicandsocialcostsinvolved.Wealso

highlightfindingsfromWHO’sMentalHealthAtlas2024

(2)

torevealsomeoftheenduringcritical

gapsandbarriersinmentalhealthcareworldwide.

1.1Overview

Mentalhealthconditionsremainwidespread,oftenmisunderstoodandsignificantlyundertreated,

withservicestoaddressthembeinginsufficientlyresourced(see

Fig.1.1

).Thelatestdatashow

thatdespitementalhealth’scriticalroleinhealthandwell-being,toomanypeoplestilldonotgetthesupporttheyneed.In2021,nearlyonein

sevenpeoplegloballywerelivingwithamental

disorder(3,4)

.Almosthalfofmentaldisorders

beginbeforetheageof18years

(5)

.Atthesametime,theservices,skillsandfundingavailable

formentalhealthremaininshortsupply,fallingfarbelowwhatisneeded,especiallyinlow-andmiddle-incomecountries(LMICs)(see

chapter4

).

Acrosstheworld,mentalhealthconditionsare

influencedbyinteractingfactors,rangingfrom

individualchallengessuchasgeneticvulnerabilityorlowself-worthtocommunityissuessuchas

socialdisconnectionorinterpersonalviolenceandbroadstressorssuchaspoverty,conflictandsocialinequality

(1)

.Theinterplayofthesefactorswill

continuetogeneratethreatstomentalhealthfortheforeseeablefuture.Promotionandpreventionprogrammestotacklethesocialdeterminantsofmentalhealthremainscarce.

FIG.1.1

Mentalhealthconditionsarewidespread,undertreatedandunder-resourced

WIDESPREAD

UNDERTREATED

UNDER-RESOURCED

Nearly

1in7

peoplegloballylivewithamentaldisorder

71%

ofpeoplewithpsychosisdonotreceivementalhealthservices

$

1.4%

orlessofhealthbudgetsinLMICs,onaverage,gotomentalhealth

Source:IHME,2024(

3

,

4

);WHO,2025

(2)

.

2

Photocredit(previouspage):AfarmerinasmallvillagenearQighaiLake,China.?GettyImages/double_p

3

Chapter1Introduction

1.2Dataandterminologyforassessingworldmentalhealth

Tospeaktothebroadestgroupofstakeholderspossible,wegenerallyusetheumbrellaterm“mentalhealthconditions”,whichcovers

mentaldisorders,psychosocialdisabilitiesand

othermentalstatesassociatedwithsignificant

distress,impairmentinfunctioning,orriskof

self-harm.Butwhendescribingprevalencerates

andglobalhealthestimates,weusetheterm

“mentaldisorders”,asitmoreaccuratelyreflects

thedatathatarecollectedandreported,andits

scopeisclearlydefinedbyWHO’sInternational

ClassificationofDiseases11thRevision(ICD-11)

(6)

.

Neurologicalandsubstanceusedisordersarenotafocusofthisreportyetthesearebrieflymentionedtoreflectthebroaderneedsthatmentalhealth

decision-makersinLMICsareoftenresponsiblefor.

Theterm“burdenofdisease”isonlyused

inrelationtopublishedepidemiological

assessments.Thisisthestandardtermused

inpublichealthforpopulation-levelimpact

estimates(e.g.disability-adjustedlifeyears,yearsoflifelosttoprematuremortalityandyearsoflifelosttodisability).

Epidemiologicaldata–coveringdisease

incidence,prevalence,mortality,distributionanddeterminants–areimportantforunderstandinghealthtrendsandforplanning,deliveringand

evaluatinghealthservicesandprogrammes.

Andmentalhealthsystemsdata–onpolicies,legislation,resourcesandcaredelivery–areespeciallyvitalfortheseprocesses.

Thisreportpresentsthemostrecentdataavailableatthetimeofwritingandprimarilydrawsonthreeinternationalsources:

?WHO’sGlobalHealthEstimates2021(GHE

2021):usedtoreportmortalityandburdenofdiseasedata

(7)

;

?theGlobalBurdenofDiseases,InjuriesandRiskFactorsStudy2021(GBD2021)bytheInstituteofHealthMetricsandEvaluation(IHME):usedtoreportprevalence

data(3,8)

;and

?WHO’sMentalHealthAtlas2024:usedtoreportcountrydataongapsinmentalhealthsystems

(2)

.

GBDandGHEarecloselylinkedintermsofmentalhealthestimates.Together,theyprovidepoint

prevalence1anddiseaseburdenestimatesfor

mentaldisordersandsuicide,withdatauptoandincluding2021.2TheMentalHealthAtlas2024,

whichincludesbothquantitativeandqualitativecountry-reporteddata,providessystem-level

informationuptoandincluding2024.MentalHealthAtlasdataarevalidatedbyWHOin

collaborationwithreportingcountries.

Whilethesethreelong-standingstudiesofferthebestavailableglobalevidence,theirestimates

shouldbeinterpretedwithcaution.Gapsindata,outdatedorlow-qualityinputs,andcultural

differencesinconceptualizingmentalhealthallcontributetouncertainty.Manycountrieslackcomprehensivedataonmentalhealthconditionsandsystems.

1ExceptforbipolardisorderwheretheprevalencemodelledinGBD2021reflectsannualprevalenceduetothisdisorder’sepisodicnature.

2Forcomparison,theGBDandGHEdatapresentedinthe2022Worldmentalhealthreportwasfrom2019,whichwasthelatestavailableatthetimeofpublication.

Worldmentalhealthtoday:latestdata

TheGBDandGHEdatainthisupdatedreport

replacethoseintheoriginalWorldmentalhealthreport:transformingmentalhealthforall(2022)

andarenotdirectlycomparablewithpreviously

publishedWHOestimates.Anydifferencesfrom

previousreportsshouldnotbeinterpretedas

timetrends.ThisisbecauseeachiterationofboththeGHEandGBDstudiesincorporatesnewdata

sources,revisedanalyticalmethodsandupdateddiseaseclassificationsthatareretrospectively

appliedtotheentiretimeseries

(9,10)

.Whilethesechangesinmethodsenhancetheaccuracyand

relevanceofcurrentestimates,theycanleadtodifferenceswithpreviousreports.

Similarly,cautionisadvisedwheninterpretingtrendsinMentalHealthAtlasdataasdifferencesbetweensurveyroundsmayreflectvariationsincountryparticipationorreporting,ratherthanactualchangesinmentalhealthsystems.

4

Photocredit(nextpage):AteenagercarrieslaundryinavillagenearBirgunj,Nepal.?GettyImages/ChristianEnder/Contributor

Epidemiologicaloverview

2

Worldmentalhealthtoday:latestdata

2.1Prevalence3

In2021,14%oftheglobalpopulation–morethanonebillionindividuals–wereestimatedtobelivingwithamentaldisorder,mostofwhomwerein

LMICs,wheremostoftheworld’spopulationlive

(

3

,

4

).4Additionally,accordingtovariousestimates,400millionpeople(7%ofpeopleover15yearsofage)hadalcoholusedisordersin2019

(11)

and64millionpeoplehadotherdrugusedisorders(not

includingtobacco)in2022

(12)

.In2021,nearly57millionpeoplehaddementia

(13)

andmorethan24millionpeoplehadepilepsy

(13)

.Inmanycountries,mentalhealthcaresystemsareresponsibleforthecareofpeoplewiththeseconditions.

Themostcommonmentaldisordersareanxietyanddepressivedisorders,whichtogether

accountedformorethantwo-thirdsofallmentalhealthconditionsin2021(see

Fig.2.1

).Between2011and2021,thenumberofpeopleliving

withmentaldisordersincreasedfasterthan

theglobalpopulation.Asaresult,theglobal

age-standardizedpointprevalenceofmental

disordersreached13.6%,whichis0.9%higherthanadecadeago.Youngeradultsaged20–29yearsareestimatedtohavethelargestincreases(1.8%)inprevalencesince2011(see

Fig.2.1

).

3PrevalenceestimatesinthissectioncomefromGBD2021(

/gbd-results/

).

4Thisestimateincludespeoplelivingwithschizophrenia,depressivedisorders(representingmajordepressivedisorder

anddysthymia),anxietydisorders,bipolardisorder,autismspectrumdisorders,attention-deficit/hyperactivitydisorder,

conductdisorder,idiopathicdisorderofintellectualdevelopment(comprisingintellectualdisabilityfromanyunknownsourceandcalledidiopathicdevelopmentalintellectualdisabilityinGBD2021),eatingdisorders(representinganorexianervosaandbulimianervosa)andaresidualgroupofothermentaldisorders(includingpersonalitydisorders),ascoveredinGBD2021.

6

Chapter2Epidemiologicaloverview

FIG.2.1

Theglobalprevalenceofmentaldisordersin2021

1liigln

mentaldisorders

14.8%

offemales

13.0%

ofmales

80+

75-80

70-74

65-69

60-64

55-59

50-54

45-49

40-44

35-39

30-34

25-29

20-24

15-19

10-14

5-9

<5

13.3%

14.1%

14.6%

15.2%

15.7%

16%

16.2%

16.6%

17%

16.8%

16.3%

16.2%

15.8%

15.4%

13.3%

7.2%

2.7%

BYAGEGROUP(YEARS)

0%5%10%15%

Prevalencerate(%)20112021

Source:IHME,2024(3).

Theprevalenceofmentaldisordersvariesby

sexandage(see

Table2.1

and

Table2.2

).For

example,malesareestimatedtomorecommonlyhaveattention-deficit/hyperactivitydisorder

(ADHD),autismspectrumdisorders,idiopathicdisorderofintellectualdevelopment(comprisingintellectualdisabilityfromanyunknownsource,see

footnote4

),andothermentaldisorders.

BYDISORDER

Anxietydisorders

4.4%

Depressivedisorders

Othermentaldisorders

1.4%

Disorderofintellectualdevelopment(idiopathic)

1.2%

ADHD

1.1%

0.8%

Conductdisorder

0.6%

Bipolardisorder

0.5%

Schizophrenia

0.3%

Eatingdisorders

0.2%

4%

Autismspectrumdisorders

0%1%2%3%4%

Prevalencerate,2021(%)

Femalesareestimatedtomoreoftenexperienceanxiety,depressiveandeatingdisorders.Anxietydisorderstypicallyemergeearlierthandepressivedisorders,whicharerarebeforetenyearsofage(see

Fig.2.2

).Aftertheageof40years,depressivedisordersbecomemoreprevalentthananxiety

disorders,peakingbetweenages50and69years.

Photocredit(previouspage):Six-year-oldtwinrefugeelivinginSpain.?WHO/UkaBorregaard7

Worldmentalhealthtoday:latestdata

TABLE2.1

Globalprevalencecasesandrates(%)ofmentaldisordersbysex(2021)

ALLAGES(MILLION)

AGE-STANDARDIZED(%)

AGED20+YEARS(%)

ALL

MALE

FEMALE

ALL

MALE

FEMALE

Mentaldisorders

1095

13.6

12.7

14.3

16.0

14.5

17.5

Schizophrenia

23

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.4

Depressivedisordersa

332

4.0

3.2

4.8

5.7

4.6

6.9

Bipolardisorder

37

0.5

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.6

0.7

Anxietydisordersb

359

4.4

3.3

5.5

5.5

4.1

6.8

Eatingdisordersc

16

0.2

0.1

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.3

Autismspectrumdisorders

62

0.8

1.1

0.5

0.7

1.0

0.5

ADHD

85

1.1

1.6

0.6

0.7

1.0

0.4

Conductdisorder

41

0.6

0.7

0.4

0.0

0.0

0.0

Disorderofintellectual

development(idiopathic)d

88

1.2

1.1

1.2

0.9

0.8

0.9

Othermentaldisorderse

122

1.4

1.7

1.2

2.3

2.7

1.9

Source:IHME,2024

(3)

.

Notes:

aIncludesmajordepressivedisorderanddysthymia.

bIncludesanxietydisordersandpost-traumaticstressdisorder(PTSD).

cIncludesanorexiaandbulimianervosa.

dThiscategoryiscalledidiopathicdevelopmentalintellectualdisabilityinGBD2021.SeealsoWHOandUNICEF’s2023Globalreportonchildrenwithdevelopmentaldisabilities

(14)

.

eAresidualcategorywithinGBD2021whichincludespersonalitydisorderswithoutacomorbidmentalorsubstanceusedisorder.

TheseareGBD2021dataanddonotnecessarilyrepresentICD-11categorization.Ratesareadjustedforindependentcomorbiditybutnotfor

dependentcomorbidity.Allprevalencedatareflectpointprevalence,exceptforbipolardisorderforwhicha12-monthprevalencewascalculated.

8

9

Chapter2Epidemiologicaloverview

TABLE2.2

Globalprevalencerates(%)ofmentaldisordersbyage(2021)

AGEINYEARS<55–910–1415–1920–2425–2930–3435–3940–4445–4950–5455–5960–6465–7070–7475–7980+

Mental

disorders

2.77.213.315.415.816.216.316.817.016.616.216.015.715.214.614.113.3

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.6

0.5

0.5

0.4

0.4

0.3

0.3

0.2

Schizophrenia

0.0

Depressivedisordersa

0.1

1.3

3.4

4.7

5.0

5.2

5.7

6.1

6.2

6.3

6.4

6.5

6.4

6.1

6.0

5.7

0.0

Bipolardisorder

0.0

0.1

0.5

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.5

0.4

0.0

Anxiety

disordersb

1.6

4.1

5.3

5.7

5.8

5.7

5.8

5.8

5.5

5.4

5.3

5.2

5.0

4.8

4.7

4.3

0.1

0.0

Eating

disordersc

0.0

0.1

0.4

0.6

0.5

0.5

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

Autism

spectrum

disorders

0.9

0.9

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

ADHD

0.2

2.0

2.7

2.2

1.6

1.2

1.0

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

Conduct

disorder

0.0

1.1

3.3

1.8

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

Disorderofintellectual

development

(idiopathic)d

1.6

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.3

1.1

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.6

0.5

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.3

0.2

Othermentaldisorderse

0.00.00.10.41.01.62.12.42.52.62.72.72.72.72.72.83.0

Source:IHME,2024

(3)

.

Notes:

aIncludesmajordepressivedisorderanddysthymia.

bIncludesanxietydisordersandpost-traumaticstressdisorder(PTSD).

cIncludesanorexiaandbulimianervosa.

dThiscategoryiscalledidiopathicdevelopmentalintellectualdisabilityinGBD2021.SeealsoWHOandUNICEF’s2023Globalreportonchildrenwithdevelopmentaldisabilities

(14)

.

eAresidualcategorywithinGBD2021whichincludespersonalitydisorderswithoutacomorbidmentalorsubstanceusedisorder.

TheseareGBD2021dataanddonotnecessarilyrepresentICD-11categorization.Ratesareadjustedforindependentcomorbiditybutnotfor

dependentcomorbidity.Allprevalencedatareflectpointprevalen