一、語法要點(diǎn)回顧現(xiàn)在完成時是初中英語核心語法之一，用于表達(dá)過去動作對現(xiàn)在的影響/結(jié)果，或從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作/狀態(tài)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：肯定句：主語+have/has+動詞過去分詞否定句：主語+haven't/hasn't+動詞過去分詞一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+動詞過去分詞？（一）關(guān)鍵用法辨析1.時間狀語搭配：already（已，肯定句）、yet（還，否定/疑問句，句末）、just（剛，have/has后）、ever（曾，疑問句）、never（從未，否定）。例：Ihavealreadyfinishedhomework.（我已完成作業(yè)。）Haveyoueverseenapanda?（你見過熊貓嗎？）2.瞬間動詞→延續(xù)性動詞：瞬間動詞（如buy/leave/die）不可與“for+時間段”“since+時間點(diǎn)”連用，需轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動詞：buy→have；leave→beaway；die→bedead例：Hehashadthisbikeforayear.（他買這輛自行車一年了。）3.for/since的區(qū)別：for后接時間段（如twodays）；since后接時間點(diǎn)/過去時從句（如2020年/sincehecame）。二、分層練習(xí)題設(shè)計(jì)（一）單項(xiàng)選擇（基礎(chǔ)鞏固）1.—_____you______yourhomework?—Yes,Ihave.Ididitthismorning.A.Do;cleanB.Have;cleanedC.Did;cleanD.Will;clean2.She______thebookforaweek.Sheneedstoreturnitnow.A.borrowedB.hasborrowedC.keptD.haskept3.—Whereisyourfather?—He______toShanghai.He’llbebacknextweek.A.hasgoneB.hasbeenC.wentD.goes4.I______never______totheGreatWallbefore.A.have;beenB.has;beenC.have;goneD.has;gone5.—Haveyoufinishedyourreport______?—No,Ihaven’t.Ineedanothertwodays.A.alreadyB.yetC.justD.ever（二）句型轉(zhuǎn)換（能力提升）1.Ihaveseenthefilm.（改為否定句）I________________thefilm.2.Theyhavelivedheresince2010.（對劃線部分提問）_______________theylivedhere?3.Theboyboughtanewbikeyesterday.（用“foraday”改寫）Theboy________________anewbikeforaday.4.“HaveyoueverbeentoCanada?”Tomaskedme.（改為間接引語）Tomaskedme________________toCanada.5.Lindahasalreadyreadthebook.（改為一般疑問句）________________Lindareadthebook______?（三）翻譯句子（語境應(yīng)用）1.我姐姐已經(jīng)離開家兩年了。（提示：leave→beaway）___________________________________2.你曾經(jīng)和父母去過國外嗎？___________________________________3.他剛剛完成了他的項(xiàng)目。___________________________________4.這本書我已經(jīng)借了三天了，明天得還。___________________________________5.自從他搬到這里，他就交了很多朋友。___________________________________（四）完形填空（語篇理解）用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空（現(xiàn)在完成時或一般過去時）。Mikeisamiddleschoolstudent.He______(love)reading.Lastyear,he______(read)*TreasureIsland*and______(be)veryinterestedinadventurestories.Sincethen,he______(read)fivemoreadventurebooks.He______(justfinish)*RobinsonCrusoe*and______(decide)towriteabookreviewaboutit.Histeacher______(praise)himforhisloveofreading.ShesaysMike______(alreadyimprove)alotinhiswritingskillsbecausehereadssomuch.（五）閱讀理解（綜合拓展）閱讀短文，用現(xiàn)在完成時回答問題。Hi,I’mLily.Iliveinasmalltown.I______(live)heresinceIwasborn.Mytownisbeautiful,withariverrunningthroughit.I______(play)bytheriverwithmyfriendsmanytimes.Lastsummer,we______(plant)sometreesneartheriver.Nowthetrees______(grow)tallandprovideshadeforus.I______(visit)manyplacesinmytown,butthere’sahillI______(neverclimb)yet.Iplantoclimbitnextmonthwithmyfamily.1.HowlonghasLilylivedinthesmalltown?___________________________________2.WhathasLilydonebytheriver?___________________________________3.HasLilyclimbedthehill?___________________________________三、參考答案與解析（一）單項(xiàng)選擇答案1.B（答語“Yes,Ihave”提示用現(xiàn)在完成時的一般疑問句）2.D（“foraweek”是時間段，需用延續(xù)性動詞kept，且用現(xiàn)在完成時）3.A（hasgoneto表示“去了某地（未回）”；hasbeento表示“去過某地（已回）”）4.A（主語I用have；beento表示“去過（已回）”，goneto表示“去了（未回）”）5.B（yet用于否定句/疑問句，already用于肯定句）（二）句型轉(zhuǎn)換答案1.haven’tseen（現(xiàn)在完成時否定句：haven’t+過去分詞）2.Howlonghave（對“since2010”提問用howlong，后接一般疑問句）3.hashad（buy是瞬間動詞，與foraday連用時需改為have，且用現(xiàn)在完成時）4.if/whetherIhadeverbeen（間接引語中，一般疑問句變賓語從句用if/whether，時態(tài)由現(xiàn)在完成時改為過去完成時）5.Has;already（現(xiàn)在完成時一般疑問句：Has+主語+過去分詞？already可保留）（三）翻譯句子答案1.Mysisterhasbeenawayfromhomefortwoyears.（leave→beaway，與fortwoyears連用）2.Haveyoueverbeenabroadwithyourparents?（ever用于疑問句，abroad是副詞）3.Hehasjustfinishedhisproject.（just放have/has之后）4.Ihavekeptthisbookforthreedays.Ihavetoreturnittomorrow.（borrow→keep，與forthreedays連用）5.Sincehemovedhere,hehasmadealotoffriends.（since從句用一般過去時，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時）（四）完形填空答案1.loves（一般現(xiàn)在時，描述愛好）2.read（lastyear是過去時間，用一般過去時）3.was（同上，一般過去時）4.hasread（sincethen是現(xiàn)在完成時標(biāo)志）5.hasjustfinished（just與現(xiàn)在完成時連用）6.hasdecided（強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響：決定寫書評）7.haspraised（強(qiáng)調(diào)老師現(xiàn)在的評價）8.hasalreadyimproved（already與現(xiàn)在完成時連用，強(qiáng)調(diào)“已經(jīng)提高”）（五）閱讀理解答案1.Shehaslivedtheresinceshewasborn.（由文中“IliveheresinceIwasborn”轉(zhuǎn)換而來）2.Shehasplayedbytheriverwithherfriendsmanytimes.（直接提取文中信息，注意時態(tài)）3.No,shehasn’t.Shehasneverclimbedityet.（由“there’sahillIneverclimbyet”可知）四、學(xué)習(xí)建