第04講閱讀理解之主旨大意題目錄01TOC\o"13"\h\u考情解碼·命題預警 102體系構(gòu)建·思維可視 203核心突破·靶向攻堅 3考點一題型特征 3知識點1主旨大意題的命題特征 3知識點2主旨大意題的設(shè)問方式 3知識點3主旨大意題的正確選項和干擾選項的特征 4考點二標題歸納題 4知識點1題型特點 4知識點2解題技巧 4考向標題歸納題 5考點三文章大意題 6知識點1題型特點 6知識點2解題技巧 6考向文章大意題 7考點四段落大意題 8知識點1題型特點 8知識點2解題技巧 9考向段落大意題 904真題溯源·考向感知 10考點要求考察形式2025年2024年2023年主旨大意題選擇題非選擇題3月，C篇，1道3月，D篇，1道3月，D篇，1道6月，C篇，1道3月，B篇，1道3月，D篇，1道6月，B篇，1道考情分析：主旨大意題是閱讀理解中最難的題目，因為該類題目不僅考查略讀文章、領(lǐng)會大意的能力，也對歸納概括能力提出了較高的要求。該類題目在文章中沒有明顯的解題依據(jù)，需要從文章中提煉、提取一些關(guān)鍵詞、主干句進行加工概括，才能歸納出文章的主旨。因此，遇到主旨大意題時切勿草率作答，一定要讀完、讀懂文章后再作判斷。復習目標：1.掌握標題歸納題的解題方法；2.掌握文章大意題的解題方法；3.掌握段落大意題的解題方法?？键c一題型特征知識點1主旨大意題的命題特征主旨大意題考查的是對文章內(nèi)容的深層次理解、概括能力，它要求在充分理解全文的前提下，對整篇文章的主旨大意有一個較為清晰的印象。主旨大意題分為標題歸納題、文章大意題和段落大意題。知識點2主旨大意題的設(shè)問方式主旨大意題常見的設(shè)問方式：Whatisthebesttitleforthetext？Whatisthepassagemainlyabout？Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage？Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext？Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout？知識點3主旨大意題的正確選項和干擾選項的特征正確選項特征1.涵蓋性強，覆蓋全文或全段。2.確定的范圍恰當，既不能太大，也不能太小。3.精確性強，不會改變原文語言表意的程度及感情色彩。4.含有文章關(guān)鍵詞或者有象征意義的事物。干擾選項特征以偏概全只闡述了局部信息或文章內(nèi)容的某一個方面主題過大歸納概括過于寬泛，超出了文章實際所討論的內(nèi)容斷章取義以次要的事實或細節(jié)代替全文的主要觀點無中生有與文章內(nèi)容毫不相干或與文章內(nèi)容相?？键c二標題歸納題知識點題型特點標題歸納題要求在理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合文章的體裁和結(jié)構(gòu)，從所給選項中選出適合文章的標題。注意最佳標題的特點：概括性強，言簡而意賅；精準性強，不改變原文的意義和感情色彩；覆蓋性強，能概括全文內(nèi)容并提煉文章主旨。知識點2解題技巧正面肯定法在理解文章主旨的基礎(chǔ)上，揣摩哪個選項能準確概括主旨。反面否定法撇開原文，拿各個備選項去設(shè)想用它們作標題寫出來的“文章”將是什么內(nèi)容，然后和原文對照，一一排除不符選項。研讀備選項本身研讀備選項里面的中心詞、修飾詞的變化、結(jié)構(gòu)、概括性等，排除過于具體化、細節(jié)化、絕對化的選項。考向標題歸納題例1（2024·浙江1月卷）TheStanfordmarshmallow(棉花糖)testwasoriginallyconductedbypsychologistWalterMischelinthelate1960s.Childrenagedfourtosixatanurseryschoolwereplacedinaroom.Asinglesugarytreat,selectedbythechild,wasplacedonatable.Eachchildwastoldiftheywaitedfor15minutesbeforeeatingthetreat,theywouldbegivenasecondtreat.Thentheywereleftaloneintheroom.Followupstudieswiththechildrenlaterinlifeshowedaconnectionbetweenanabilitytowaitlongenoughtoobtainasecondtreatandvariousformsofsuccess.Asadultswefaceaversionofthemarshmallowtesteveryday.We’renottempted(誘惑)bysugarytreats,butbyourputers,phones,andtablets—allthedevicesthatconnectustotheglobaldeliverysystemforvarioustypesofinformationthatdotouswhatmarshmallowsdotopreschoolers.Wearetemptedbysugarytreatsbecauseourancestorslivedinacaloriepoorworld,andourbrainsdevelopedaresponsemechanismtothesetreatsthatreflectedtheirvalue—afeelingofrewardandsatisfaction.Butaswe’vereshapedtheworldaroundus,dramaticallyreducingthecostandeffortinvolvedinobtainingcalories,westillhavethesamebrainswehadthousandsofyearsago,andthismismatchisattheheartofwhysomanyofusstruggletoresisttemptingfoodsthatweknowweshouldn’teat.Asimilarprocessisatworkinourresponsetoinformation.Ourformativeenvironmentasaspecieswasinformationpoor,soourbrainsdevelopedamechanismthatprizednewinformation.Butglobalconnectivityhasgreatlychangedourinformationenvironment.Wearenowceaselesslybombarded(轟炸)withnewinformation.Therefore,justasweneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourcaloricconsumption,wealsoneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourinformationconsumption,resistingthetemptationofthemental“junkfood”inordertomanageourtimemosteffectively.4.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．EatLess,ReadMore B．TheBitterTruthaboutEarlyHumansC．TheLater,theBetter D．TheMarshmallowTestforGrownups【答案】D【詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Asadultswefaceaversionofthemarshmallowtesteveryday.We’renottempted（誘惑）byglyarytreats,butbyourputers,phones,andtablets—thealldevicesthatconnectustotheglobaldeliverysystemforvarioustypesofinformationthatdotouswhatmarshmallowsdotopreschoolers.（作為成年人，我們每天都要面對棉花糖測試。誘惑我們的不是甜食，而是我們的電腦、手機和平板電腦——所有這些將我們與全球信息傳遞系統(tǒng)連接起來的設(shè)備，它們對我們的作用就像棉花糖對學齡前兒童的作用一樣）”結(jié)合文章主要內(nèi)容可知，文章主語介紹了在信息化時代我們作為成年人都在面對棉花糖測試，信息轟炸讓我們攝入了太多精神“垃圾食品”。D選項“成人棉花糖測試”最符合文章標題。故選D?？键c三文章大意題知識點1題型特點文章大意是作者在文章中所要表達的主要內(nèi)容，是全文的核心思想，也是作者在文章中通過行文邏輯和各種細節(jié)來闡明的中心話題。掌握尋找文章主題的3個小技巧，可以快速確定文章大意。解答文章大意題，找準文章的主題句是關(guān)鍵。知識點2解題技巧主題句法根據(jù)文體和寫作手法來定位主題句根據(jù)行文標志來定位主題句轉(zhuǎn)折詞段落中出現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語，如but、however、infact、actually等，轉(zhuǎn)折詞后的句子很可能是主題句總結(jié)詞表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的詞語，如therefore、thus、inshort、conclude等，總結(jié)詞后的內(nèi)容往往是文章的主題句疑問句若首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時，對該問題的回答可能是文章的主題句高頻詞法若全文中無明顯主題句時，我們可以利用文章中出現(xiàn)的高頻詞找出文章主題句。任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個主題展開的，因此，有的文章中最明顯的特點之一是有一個反復出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫作主題詞。抓住它，便容易抓住文章的中心逆向思維法在兩個選項看上去都十分正確且無法選擇時，試著從選項出發(fā)，想象一下如果自己以此選項來寫文章會有哪些內(nèi)容，然后把它與文章的內(nèi)容相比較，接近的即為正確選項考向文章大意題例1（2024·新課標II卷）Weallknowfreshisbestwhenitestofood.However,mostproduceatthestorewentthroughweeksoftravelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicroFarm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.BMFisanindoorgardensystem.Itcanbesetupforafamily.Additionally,itcouldservealargeraudiencesuchasahospital,restaurantorschool.Theinnovativedesignrequireslittleefforttoachieveareliableweeklysupplyoffreshgreens.Specifically,it’safarmthatreliesonnewtechnology.ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotelymonitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.Afterharvest,userssimplyreplacetheplantswithanewpreseededpod(容器)togetthenextgrowthcyclestarted.Moreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit’seatenmeanszeroemissions(排放)fromtransportingplantsfromsoiltosalad.Inaddition,there’snoneedforpesticidesandotherchemicalsthatpollutetraditionalfarmsandthesurroundingenvironment.BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingleuseplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.4.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A．BMF’smajorstrengths. B．BMF’sgeneralmanagement.C．BMF’sglobalinfluence. D．BMF’stechnicalstandards.【答案】A【詳解】主旨大意題，根據(jù)第一段“Whilefarmer”smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicroFarm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.(雖然農(nóng)貿(mào)市場是減少旅程的可靠選擇，但巴比倫微型農(nóng)場(BMF)至終縮短了旅程)”第三段“ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotelymonitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.(通過云連接，對BMF進行遠程監(jiān)控。此外，還有一個方便的應(yīng)用程序可以實時提供不斷增長的數(shù)據(jù)。由于該系統(tǒng)是自動化的，因此大大減少了種植植物所需的水量。該系統(tǒng)不是給一排排土壤澆水，而是為每株植物提供合適的水量)”以及最后一段“BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingleuse塑料。“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.(BMF員工在日常生活中追求可持續(xù)發(fā)展。大約一半的人步行或騎自行車上班。在辦公室里，他們通過限制垃圾和避免一次性塑料來鼓勵回收和減少浪費。BMF的一名員工表示：“我們熱衷于減少環(huán)境中的廢物、碳和化學品?！?”可知，文章主要介紹了巴比倫微農(nóng)場(BMF)的一些主要優(yōu)勢，包括減少食物運輸距離、通過云技術(shù)遠程監(jiān)控、自動化系統(tǒng)節(jié)約水資源、減少化學污染、以及員工的環(huán)保生活方式等。故選A。考點四段落大意題知識點1題型特點段落大意題主要考查段落的主要意思，是對某個段落基本內(nèi)容的提煉和概括。概括、總結(jié)、歸納段落大意就是用準確、簡練的語言把一個段落的主要意思明確而完整地表達出來。知識點2解題技巧定位段落主題句，首尾兼顧定段意常用的寫作架構(gòu)每一文段都要圍繞一個特定的主題，按照一定的邏輯順序展開，所以段落的結(jié)構(gòu)也有一定的規(guī)律性。做題時要特別注意“首尾兼顧”，即問題所涉及段落的首句和尾句。一是因為它們往往體現(xiàn)主旨要義，二是因為利用這些信息可以迅速提煉段落結(jié)構(gòu)框架，在框架下判斷主旨，其準確性更高考向段落大意題例1（2024·新課表I卷）“Iamnotcrazy,”saysDr.WilliamFarber,shortlyafterperformingacupuncture(針灸)onarabbit.“Iamaheadofmytime.”Ifheseemsalittledefensive,itmightbebecauseevensomeofhiscoworkersoccasionallylaughathisunusualmethods.ButFarberiscertainhe’llhavethelastlaugh.He’soneofasmallbutgrowingnumberofAmericanveterinarians(獸醫(yī))nowpracticing“holistic”medicinebiningtraditionalWesterntreatmentswithacupuncture,chiropractic(按摩療法)andherbalmedicine.Farber,agraduateofColoradoStateUniversity,startedoutasamoreconventionalveterinarian.Hebecameinterestedinalternativetreatments20yearsagowhenhesufferedfromterriblebackpain.Hetriedmusclerelaxingdrugsbutfoundlittlerelief.Thenhetriedacupuncture,anancientChinesepractice,andwasamazedthatheimprovedaftertwoorthreetreatments.Whatworkedonaveterinarianseemedlikelytoworkonhispatients.So,afterstudyingthetechniquesforacoupleofyears,hebeganofferingthemtopets.LeighTindale’sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehadaheartattack,Tindalesays,shewaspreparedtoputhimtosleep,butFarber’streatmentseasedherdog’ssufferingsomuchthatshewasabletokeephimaliveforanadditionalfivemonths.AndPriscillaDewingreportsthatherhorse,Nappy,“movesmoreeasilyandridesmorefortably”afterachiropracticadjustment.3.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A．Stepsofachiropractictreatment. B．Theplexityofveterinarians’work.C．Examplesofrareanimaldiseases. D．Theeffectivenessofholisticmedicine.【答案】D【詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第六題內(nèi)容“LeighTindale”dogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehadaheartattack,Tindalesays,shewaspreparedtoputhimtosleep,butFarber”streatmentseasedherdog”ssuffering,sothatshewasabletokeephimaliveforanadditionalfivemonths.AndPriscillaDewingreportsthatherhorse,Nappy,“movesmoreeasilyandridesmorefortably”afterachiropracticadjustment.(利廷代爾的狗患有嚴重的心臟病。廷代爾說，查理看病發(fā)作后，她準備讓他進入睡眠狀態(tài)，但法伯的治療大大減輕了她的狗的痛苦，她能夠讓它多活五個月。普里西杜(PriscillaDewing)報告說，她的馬(Nappy)經(jīng)過脊椎按摩調(diào)整后，“行動更容易，乘車更舒服”。)可知，本段主要講述了兩個人，一個是Farber通過整體醫(yī)學方法幫助了患有嚴重臟病的狗Charlie，另一個是馬Nappy在接受脊椎按摩治療后和騎行行為更為舒適。這些例子都是為了說明整體醫(yī)學的有效性。故選D。Passage1（2024·天津·高考真題）Researchsometimesproves,withdata,whatwemoreorlessalreadyknow（e.g.Exerciseisgoodforyou,andpollutedairisn’t）.Still,sometimesourassumptionsareincorrect,andscientificfindingssurpriseresearchers,alongwiththerestofus.ArecentexampleisthephenomenonofdisappearinglakesinpartsofthefrozentreelessArctic（北極的）region.Youmightthinktheselakeswouldbeexpanding,notdisappearing.Asclimatechangewarmstheregion—melting（融化）surfacesnowandiceaswellasthepermafrost（永凍層）—thereshouldbemoresurfacewater,forminglargerlakesandevennewones.Recently,however,scientistshaveobservednotjustshrinking（縮小的）lakesbutlakesthathavepletelygoneaway.Manyscientistssharedthemonsenseexpectationthataspermafrostmelted,lakeswouldatfirstexpandwithmeltwaterflowingintothem.Eventually,researchersmadeapredictionthatprogressivewarmingduringthe21stand22ndcenturieswoulddryouttheArctic,andlakeswouldbegintoshrink.ButnowitlooksasifArcticlakesaredisappearingacenturysoonerthanpredicted.Acaseinpointisthatsomelarge,ageoldlakesshrankdramaticallyinwhatappearstohavebeenamatterofmonths.Scientistshavelabeledthisphenomenon“disastrouslakeloss”Whatcausedthis?Thefrozensolidgroundactuallycontainsbitsofrock,mineralandorganicmatter,leavingspacesinbetween.Andbecausethesespacesarefilledwithsolidice,liquidwatercannotreadilygetinside,butitcanwhenthepermafrostmelts,allowingmorewatertogetthrough.Soonafterthat,around192lakesinnorthwesternAlaskaaregonefromsight.Whydidscientistsmissthis?Oneprobablereasonisthatmostclimatemodelsassumethatthemeltingofpermafrostisdrivenonlybywarmingair.Newevidencesuggests,however,thatrainfall—particularlyincreasingautumnrain—isnowcontributingsignificantlytopermafrostloss.Therainfallcarriesheatintotheground.Yetnoneoftheexistingmodelsincludessuchprocesses.Thatisagoodexampleofwhy—nomatterhowplexourmodelsareormayonedaybe—weneeddirectobservationofthenaturalworld.1．WhatdoesParagraph1mainlytellus?A．Generalknowledgecanattimesturnouttobetrue.B．monsenseassumptionscansometimesprovewrong.C．Researchfindingsshouldbebuiltonpopularassumptions.D．Scientificresearchisinspiredbyanunknownphenomenon.2．Contrarytothegeneralexpectation,climatechangehascaused________.A．a(chǎn)rapidriseofwatersurface B．thepermafrosttomeltfasterC．manyArcticlakestogrowlarger D．thedisappearanceofmanyArcticlakes3．ThedisastrousclimaticimpactsontheArcticregionhavebeen________.A．provedwithemerginglakes B．underestimatedbyscientistsC．wellpredictedbyresearchers D．shownelsewhereintheworld4．WhyisthefrozenArcticgroundhardforwatertogetthrough?A．Becauseofthesolidicewithinit.B．Becauseofitsuniqueposition.C．Becauseitisfarawayfromthewaters.D．Becausesnowrarelymeltsonfrozenground.5．Whatlessoncanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Directobservationisamustforscientificresearch.B．Scientificresearchisguaranteedbysufficientlabfacilities.C．Newevidenceshouldbefoundtobackupresearchfindings.D．Scientificpredictionsshouldbemostlybasedonresearchmodels.【答案】1．B2．D3．B4．A5．A【導語】本文是篇說明文。文章通過對在冰凍無樹的北極地區(qū)部分湖泊消失的現(xiàn)象這一實例的分析，表明了直接觀察自然世界對科學研究是必要的。1．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Researchsometimesproves,withdata,whatwemoreorlessalreadyknow.(研究有時會用數(shù)據(jù)證明我們或多或少已經(jīng)知道的事情。)”和“Still,sometimesourassumptionsareincorrect,andscientificfindingssurpriseresearchers,alongwiththerestofus.(盡管如此，有時我們的假設(shè)是不正確的，科學發(fā)現(xiàn)讓研究人員和我們其他人感到驚訝。)”可知，該段表明有時一些常識性的假設(shè)可能被證明是錯誤的。故選B。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Youmightthinktheselakeswouldbeexpanding,notdisappearing.(你可能會認為這些湖泊會擴大，而不是消失。)”和“Recently,however,scientistshaveobservednotjustshrinking（縮小的）lakesbutlakesthathavepletelygoneaway.(然而，最近科學家們不僅觀察到湖泊在萎縮，而且還觀察到湖泊已經(jīng)完全消失。)”可知，與人們的普遍預期相反，氣候變化已經(jīng)引起了許多北極湖泊的消失。故選D。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“ButnowitlooksasifArcticlakesaredisappearingacenturysoonerthanpredicted.(但現(xiàn)在看來，北極湖泊的消失似乎比預測的要早一個世紀。)”可知，對比之前科學家的預測，一些北極湖泊似乎消失得要快很多，可見災難性的氣候?qū)Ρ睒O地區(qū)的影響一直被科學家低估了。故選B。4．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Andbecausethesespacesarefilledwithsolidice,liquidwatercannotreadilygetinside,(因為這些空間充滿了固體冰，液態(tài)水不容易進入，)”可知，因為凍土層中的空間里充滿了堅實的冰，導致液體水無法進入。故選A。5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thatisagoodexampleofwhy—nomatterhowplexourmodelsareormayonedaybe—weneeddirectobservationofthenaturalworld.(這是一個很好的例子——說明為什么不管我們的例子有多復雜，或者有一天可能會復雜——我們都需要直接觀察自然世界。)”可知，文章通過對在冰凍無樹的北極地區(qū)部分湖泊消失的現(xiàn)象這一實例的分析，讓我們學到了直接觀察自然世界對科學研究是必要的。故選A。Passage2（2024·天津·高考真題）Staringatthebookcasesinmystudy,packedwithsomanygreatbooksthathadremainedunread,Iheardaloudvoiceinmyhead—“Shameonyou!Howcanyouleavethesemasterpiecesunread?”ThefirstbookIpickedupwasMontaigne'sEssays.TomysurpriseIdiscoveredinthemargins(頁邊空白)whatclearlywasmyownfadedhandwriting.SoIwasactuallyreadingitagain,butwhatIwasrereadingseemedentirelynew.Ialsofoundsentencesunderlined.OnlythistimeIwondered:WhydidIunderlinethissentence?It'sthenextonethatisimportant!Clearly,mywayofreadingthetexthadshifted,andImyselfhadchangedovertheyears.Thisraisedthelargerquestionofrereading.Itesinmanyforms.There’svoluntaryrereading,theresultofawillfuldecisiontorevisitabookonehasadmired,orabookthathasleftonewithsomeunansweredquestions.Thiskindofplannedrevisitcouldalsobeforconfirmingcertaindetailsinthetext,orforcheckingonthemovesofagivencharacter.Adevotedteachermightalsowishtorefreshhisclosenesstoawork,andthusavoidteachingthroughthesameoldwrittennoteswithsoporific(讓人瞌睡的)effects.Contrarily,there’sinvoluntaryrereading.Theoriginalreadingwaseitherforgottenorsototallyabsorbedthatthenewchanceencounterwiththetextproducedsurpriseandastonishment.Myreactiontotherenewedreadingnolongercorrespondedtotheoriginalexperience,andIwasnolongersurethatIrecognizedmyselfasthesamereader.Thentherearewhatonemightcallsubconscious(潛意識的)rereadings,thosethatoccurwithoutthespecificactofreading,muchasthememoryofatunecankeepingbacktothemindwithoutitsactuallybeingheardagain.Thisformofrememberedcontactwithabookcanacpanyusduringalifetimeandcontinuetostrengthenandshapeus.Muchinthesamemanner,wemayovertheyearsrecitetoourselvespoemslearntbyheartlongago,whichhavebeepartofourselfrecognition.Allofthesewaysofreadingarevaluable.Renewedcontactwithanovelorapoemcanactivatethesearchforabetterknowledgeoftheself.Thenewreading,aformofrevision,uncoversthechangeinus.Thenewnessisnotinthetext.Itiswewhohaveevolved.Intheprocessofrereading,ouroutlookhasalsobeensignificantlychanged.Rereadingmakesitpossibleforustoseetheworldaroundus,ourselvesincluded,inanewlight.1．WhatdidtheauthorfindwhenreadingMontaigne’sEssays?A．Hestillcouldn'tunderstandit. B．Hehadmadenotesinit.C．Itwasabrandnewcopy. D．Itwashisfavoritework.2．Accordingtotheauthor,whatcouldbeapurposeofvoluntaryrereading?A．Toimprovethequalityofteaching. B．Tolearnfromadmirablecharacters.C．Tocollectdetailsforwritingnovels. D．Tohelpmakingimportantdecisions.3．AccordingtoParagraph4,involuntaryrereadingcanbringabout?A．Unexpectedreadingexperience. B．Totalconcentrationonnewbooks.C．Changedpreferencesforbooks. D．Enhancedreadingskills.4．Whatcanbelearntaboutsubconsciousrereading?A．Itpreventsmemoryfromfading. B．Ithelpsmakewhoweare.C．Itinvolvesactualreading. D．Itworksbestwithpoetryandmusic.5．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．AccessingMasterpiecesthroughRereading B．Rereading:VoluntaryorInvoluntary?C．Rereading:PursuitofTruth D．TransformativePowerofRereading【答案】1．B2．A3．A4．B5．D【導語】本文為一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了自己對重新閱讀的感悟和想法，認為重新閱讀能更好地了解自我，能讓我們以新的眼光來看待周圍的世界，包括自己。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“ThefirstbookIpickedupwasMontaigne'sEssays.TomysurpriseIdiscoveredinthemargins(頁邊空白)whatclearlywasmyownfadedhandwriting.(我拿起的第一本書就是Montaigne的散文。令我驚訝的是，我在頁邊空白處發(fā)現(xiàn)了明顯是我自己褪色的筆記。)”可知，作者驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)書的空白處是自己之前的筆記，故選B。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Adevotedteachermightalsowishtorefreshhisclosenesstoawork,andthusavoidteachingthroughthesameoldwrittennoteswithsoporific(讓人瞌睡的)effects.(一位敬業(yè)的教師可能也希望重新建立與工作的親密關(guān)系，因此避免通過具有催眠效果的相同的舊筆記來進行教學。)”可知，教師通過主動再讀更新內(nèi)容，提高教學質(zhì)量是主動再讀的目的之一，故選A。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Contrarily,there’sinvoluntaryrereading.Theoriginalreadingwaseitherforgottenorsototallyabsorbedthatthenewchanceencounterwiththetextproducedsurpriseandastonishment.Myreactiontotherenewedreadingnolongercorrespondedtotheoriginalexperience,andIwasnolongersurethatIrecognizedmyselfasthesamereader.(相反，有一種非主動再讀。原來的閱讀要么被遺忘，要么完全被吸收，以至于與文本的新的偶遇產(chǎn)生了驚訝和震驚。我對重新閱讀的反應(yīng)不再符合最初的體驗，我也不再確定我是否認出自己是同一個讀者。)”可知，非主動再讀能讓讀者感到與最初體驗不符合的反應(yīng)，因此能帶來意料之外的閱讀體驗，故選A。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Thisformofrememberedcontactwithabookcanacpanyusduringalifetimeandcontinuetostrengthenandshapeus.Muchinthesamemanner,wemayovertheyearsrecitetoourselvespoemslearntbyheartlongago,whichhavebeepartofourselfrecognition.(這種與書的記憶聯(lián)系可以伴隨我們一生，并繼續(xù)加強和塑造我們。同樣地，多年來，我們可能會背誦很久以前背下來的詩，這些詩已經(jīng)成為我們認知的一部分。)”可知，潛意識再讀有助于進一步塑造自我，是我們認知的一部分，故選B。5．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Rereadingmakesitpossibleforustoseetheworldaroundus,ourselvesincluded,inanewlight.(重新閱讀使我們能夠以新的眼光看待周圍的世界，包括我們自己。)”和后文對重新閱讀的介紹可知，文章主要論述了重新閱讀的重要意義，即再讀具有提升讀者對作品、自我及世界認知的力量，故D項“TransformativePowerofRereading(重新閱讀的變革力量)”符合文章標題，故選D。Passage3（2023·天津·高考真題）Storytellingisanancientartformthathasbeenusedtohanddownlegends,talesandfactualstories.PerhapsthefirstthingthatspringstomindwhenyouthinkofstorytellingisthefantasylandthattookshapeinyourmindwhileMomorDadtoldyoustoriesaboutprinces,castlesandmonsters,withauniquevoiceforeachcharacter.Storytellingdoesnotjusttakeplaceatbedtimeorroundacampfire,however.Itcantakesomeotherforms,eitherviathebookswereadorthefilmswewatch.Buttheyusuallyhavesomeelementsinmon:ratherthanalistofdryfacts,storieshaveplotsandtheyintroducecharacters.Werespondtostories,particularlywhenthereisemotionaldetail.Andunlikewhatwesuppose,storytellingisnotjustaformofentertainment,butaformoflearningaswell.Longbeforereadingandwritingbecamewidelyspreadandavailable,oralstorytellinghadalreadybeenaformthatthewisdomandknowledgeofthepeoplewerepasseddownfromelderstochildren.Agoodstoryengagesourcuriosity,emotionsandimagination.Storytellinghelpswithlearningalsobecausestoriesareeasytoremember.Researchhasfoundthatlearningobtainedfromawelltoldstoryisrememberedmoreaccurately,andforfarlonger,thanfromfactsandfigures.Andaboveall,storieshaveatransformativepowertoallowustoseetheworldinadifferentwaythanwedoifwejustencounteritonourown.Storiesareanentrypointtounderstandingadifferentexperienceoftheworld.Thisaspectofstorytellingpresentingadifferentperspectiveoftheworld—isimportantwhenitestoconnectingwitheachother.Itgivesusanopportunitytolearnfromanotherperson’sexperienceanditcanshape,strengthenorchallengeouropinionsandvalues.So,whensomeonetellsustheirownpersonalstory,wecatchaglimpse(瞥見)ofaviewoftheworldthatmaybeslightlyorsignificantlydifferentfromourown.Whenweseetheworldastheyseeit,orwalkintheirshoes,theexperiencecaninspireempathy(共情；同理心)withthem.1．Whatoccurstousthemomentwethinkof“storytelling”?A．Achild'simaginaryworld.B．VoicesofMomorDad.C．Anancientartform.D．Factualstories.2．Whatarethemonelementsinallformsofstorytellingaccordingtotheauthor?A．Formandstyle.B．Factsandfigures.C．Emotionalandphysicaldetails.D．Aseriesofeventsandcharacters.3．Whydoesstorytellingworkbetterthanmerestatementoffactsinpromotinglearning?A．Itcarriesmorewisdomandknowledge.B．Itismorewidelyavailabletoyounglearners.C．Itsatisfiesourimaginationandreleasesouremotions.D．Itmakeswhatislearnedmorepreciseandlongerlasting.4．Howcanotherpeople’spersonalstoriesprobablybenefitus?A．Byofferingusmoreopportunitiestoknowpeople.B．Byhelpingusstayconnectedwiththecontemporaryworld.C．Byallowingustounderstandtheworldthewaytheyseeit.D．Byenablingustotellrealityfromimagination.5．Whatmakesthebesttitleforthepassage?A．TheHistoryofStorytellingB．ThePowerofStorytellingC．TheFormsofStorytellingD．TheArtofStorytelling【答案】1．A2．D3．D4．C5．B【導語】本文是說明文。文章主要講述了講故事給我們帶來的好處。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“PerhapsthefirstthingthatspringstomindwhenyouthinkofstorytellingisthefantasylandthattookshapeinyourmindwhileMomorDadtoldyoustoriesaboutprinces,castlesandmonsters,withauniquevoiceforeachcharacter.(也許當你想到講故事時，你首先想到的就是爸爸媽媽給你講王子、城堡和怪物的故事，每個角色都有獨特的聲音，在你腦海中形成的幻想世界。)”可知，當提到“講故事”時，我們會想到一個孩子的想象世界。故選A。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Buttheyusually

havesomeelementsinmon:ratherthanalistofdryfacts,storieshaveplotsandtheyintroducecharacters.(但它們通常都有一些共同點：故事有情節(jié)，也有人物形象，而不是一長串枯燥的事實。)”可知，作者認為，一系列的事件和人物是所有敘事中的共同元素，故選D。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Storytellinghelpswithlearningalsobecausestoriesareeasytoremember.Researchhasfoundthatlearningobtainedfromawelltoldstoryisrememberedmoreaccurately,andforfarlonger,thanfromfactsandfigures.(講故事也有助于學習，因為故事容易記住。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，從一個講得很好的故事中獲得的知識比從事實和數(shù)據(jù)中獲得的知識記憶得更準確，時間也更長。)”可知，講故事比僅僅陳述事實更能促進學習，這是因為它使所學到的知識更加精確和持久。故選D。4．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Andaboveall,storieshaveatransformativepowertoallowustoseetheworldinadifferentwaythanwedoifwejustencounteritonourown.(最重要的是，故事有一種變革的力量，讓我們以一種不同的方式看待這個世界，而不是僅僅依靠我們自己。)”可知，他人的故事讓我們以他們看待世界的方式來理解世界，這會讓我們受益，故選C。5．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第三段中“Andunlikewhatwesuppose,storytellingisnotjustaformofentertainment,butaformoflearningaswell.(與我們想象的不同，講故事不僅僅是一種娛樂方式，也是一種學習方式。)”，第四段中“Storytellinghelpswithlearningalsobecausestoriesareeasytoremember.(講故事也有助于學習，因為故事容易記住。)”，第五段中“Andaboveall,storieshaveatransformativepowertoallowustoseetheworldinadifferentwaythanwedoifwejustencounteritonourown.(最重要的是，故事有一種變革的力量，讓我們以一種不同的方式看待這個世界，而不是僅僅依靠我們自己。)”和第六段中“Thisaspectofstorytellingpresentingadifferentperspectiveoftheworld—isimportantwhenitestoconnectingwitheachother.(講故事的這個方面——呈現(xiàn)出一個不同的世界觀——對于彼此之間的聯(lián)系來說是很重要的。)”可知，文章主要講述了講故事給我們帶來的好處，B項“講故事的力量”適合作文章標題，故選B。Passage4（2023·天津·高考真題）Ilookedthroughthewindowofthecharminglittleviolinshop,andmyheartbegantorace.I'dbeenouttodinnerthatevening.Sinceitwasn'tdarkyetafterthemeal,Idecidedtowalkhomefromtherestaurant.Ihadtraveledthatwaybefore,yetIhadnevernoticedthatoldlittleshop.ButthatnightIfeltdrawntotheviolinshopthemomentIcameacrossit.Iwipedthedirtfromthewindowtogetabetterlookinside.Severalviolinshungfromthedarkwalls,quietlywaitingtobechosen.Asmyeyesrestedonthem,IfeltasthoughIwerelookingthroughawindowintomyownpast.MychildhoodwasallaboutthepursuitsIhadattempted,mostofwhichhadbeenchosenbyMom.Shewaslike,“Jointheswimteam,Tara.Yoursisterisagoodswimmer;surelyyouwillbe,too.”Whatsherefusedtoacknowledge,however,wasthatIwasvisiblyafraidofwater.EverySaturdayIbeggedMomnottomakemegototheswimmeet,buthadlittlechanceofsuccess.Thatsaid,withabangofthestartinggun,IwoulddiveintothecoldwaterwithallmystrengthandswimtotheothersideofthepoolasfastasIcould,onlytofindthattheotherswimmersslidpastme.IwouldhavegivenitupifIhadnotheardmyfather'sencouragingshoutstocheermeon.Whenatlastmyhandwouldgrabtheedgeofthepool,hewouldalwaysbetherewithawarm,drytowel,tellingmehowproudhewasofmydesperateefforts.Thencameaturningpointinmylifethedayourschoolorchestra(管弦樂隊)visitedmyclass,andgaveademonstration.Thedrumsannoyedme.Theflutes(笛子)boredme.Buttheviolin…ah,theviolin.ItmadethesweetestsoundI'deverheard!Myheartwasdancingalongwithitsflowingtune.Forthefirsttimeinmylife,Iwentsowildwithjoy.Tightlyholdingthepermissionslipfromtheorchestradirector,Iranallthewayhomeafterschool,andshakilyhandedittomyparentswithafearthattheymightdismissmydesire.They