TextContentsforklifttruck 叉車combustion[k?m?b?st??n]n.燃燒;燃燒過程internalcombustionengine 內燃機tiltcylinder 傾斜液壓缸chassis

底盤gearshiftcontrollever 變速操縱桿radiator 散熱器steeringaxle 轉向橋

gearbox 變速器mast英[mɑ?st]

門架liftingcapacity 起重能力electrictruck [tr?k]

電動叉車counterweight 平衡重air-pollutingemissions[i?m??n]空氣污染排放物outriggerarms[?a?tr?ɡ?(r)ɑ?mz]支腿TextAforklift(Figure1-1)isanindustrialvehicle（工業(yè)車輛）

usedtoliftandmoveheavyquantitiesofanitem.Aforklifthasapoweroperatedforkedplatform（平臺）

infrontthatcanbeinserted（插入）underloadstoliftandmovethem.Hydraulicsystemsareusedinmostforkliftsalthoughsomecompanieshavedevelopedelectricactuator[??ktj?e?t?]controlledlifts.Theyareparticularly[p??t?kj?l?li]

（尤其）usefulinwarehouses,storerooms,constructionsitesandloadingdocks.Forkliftsareusedbothindoorandoutdoor,onfactoryfloorsorinlargecoolingunits.Forkliftstypicallyrunoneithernormalinternalcombustionengines(內燃機)oronelectricmotors.Thespecificfuelusedinnonelectricliftscanbeliquidpropane[?pr??pe?n]丙烷,naturalgas（天然氣）

orregulardiesel（柴油）

orgasoline（汽油）.Generally,aforklifttruckconsistsofthreeparts:powerequipment（動力裝置）,chassissystem（底盤系統(tǒng)）

andworkingdevice（工作裝置）.Powerequipmentcanprovidepowerforthetruck.Chassissystemletsthetrucktravel.Workingdeviceisusuallycomposedof（由…組成）mast,chain,slidingcarriage（滑架）,forkandhydrauliccylinder（液壓缸）.Itisworkingdevicethatmakesthetruckwork.ReferringtoFigure1-2,itshowswhatacommonforklifttruckconsistsof.

Figure1-2Maincomponentsofaforklifttruck1—Liftinghydrauliccylinder（舉升油缸）;2—Tiltcylinder（傾斜油缸）;3—Multi-waydirectionalvalve（多路換向閥）;4—Gearshiftcontrollever;5—Steeringwheel（方向盤）;6—Radiator（散熱器）;7—Counterweight（平衡配重）;8—Hydraulicpump（液壓泵）;9—Steeringaxle（轉向車軸）;10—Steeringboosters（轉向助力）;11—Engine（發(fā)動機）;12—Clutchortorqueconverter（離合器或液力變矩器）;13—Gearbox（減速箱）;14—Handbrake（手剎）;15—Transaxle（傳動軸）;16—Mast（門架）;17—Slidingframework（滑架）;18—Fork（叉刀）Thislessonprovides[pr??va?d]

提供abriefintroductiontosomecommontypesoflifttrucks:Counterbalancedlifttrucks平衡重式叉車Themostcommontypeoflifttruck,alsoknownasaforklift,isthecounterbalancedlifttruck(Figure1-3).Figure1-3Counterbalancedlifttrucks

Aweightlocatedintherear（尾部）

ofoneofthesetruckscounterbalances（抵消）theweightoftheload,ensuringthetruckdoesn’ttip（傾斜，翻覆

）

forward.Suchtrucksvary[?ve?ri]變化inliftingcapacityfromabout1/2tonto60tonormoreandliftingheightfrom2000mmto6000mm.Liftingvelocitiesvaryfrom7m/minto30m/min,andtravelingspeedfrom14km/hto30km/h,ormore.Counterbalancedlifttrucksarepoweredeitherbyinternalcombustionengines

orelectricmotors.Morethan60%ofthecounterbalancedlifttruckssoldinNorthAmericaduring2006

wereof(具有)

theinternalcombustiontype.Internalcombustiontrucksrunonavarietyoffuels,includinggasoline,diesel,andliquidpropanegas(LPG液態(tài)丙烷氣體)andcompressednaturalgas(CNG壓縮天然氣).

LPGisthemostcommonfuelforindoortrucks.Largerlifttrucksforoutdoorusearetypicallygasoline-powered

（汽油驅動的）ordiesel-powered（柴油驅動的）.

3Hemustbeeithermadordrunk.

他要么是瘋了，要么是喝醉了。

Comparedtoelectrictrucks,internalcombustiontrucks（內燃叉車）

arequickerandeasiertorefuel,buttheymustberefueledmultipletimespershift（臺班）.Andtheyalsoproducenoiseandair-pollutingemissions[i?m??n]（空氣污染排放物）.

Electrictrucksgettheirpowerfromlarge,heavylead-acidbatteries（鉛酸電池）,whichprovidemuchoftheircounterweight.Thesetrucksareonlysuitable[?su?t?bl]for（適合于）indooruse.Whiletheycostmorethaninternalcombustiontrucks,electrictrucksarelessexpensive（低成本）tooperate.Electrictrucksarequiet（靜音）,producenoemissions（不產生排放物）

andcanusuallyrunafulleight-hourshiftononebatterycharge（一次充電）.

Narrow-aisle[a?l]巷道

lifttrucksAt12feetwide,standardstorageaislesallowacounterbalancedlifttrucktoturnintheaisleandputawayaload.Narrowaisles(Figure1-4)aretypicallyonly8feetwide—andverynarrowaislesareonly5.5to6feetwide—requiringspecializedlifttrucksthatcanputawayloadswithoutturningorthataresmallenoughtomaketightturns（急轉彎）.Threeofthemostcommonnarrow-aisletrucksarereachtrucks（前移式叉車）,turrettrucks[?t?r?ttr?ks]（轉叉式叉車）andorderpickers[???d?(r)?p?k?z]揀料車.

1.ReachtrucksReachtrucks(Figure1-5)aretheoriginalnarrow-aisle窄巷道

lifttrucks.Thesetrucksaresmallenoughtoturninnarrowaislesbecausetheydon’tneedalargecounterweight.Instead,outriggerarms[?a?tr?ɡ?(r)ɑ?mz]支腿臂extendinfrontofthetruckstoprovidestability.Theoutriggerarms,however,canpreventthetrucks,dependingonstorageconfiguration,fromgettingcloseenoughtothestorageracktodepositandretrieveloads.Toovercomethis,areachtruckisdesignedwithatelescopingmechanism—calledapantograph—thatallowstheforkstoreachintostoragelocations.Operatortrainingforreachtrucksmaytakelongerthanforothertrucksbecauseofthecomplexityofthecontrols.

Figure1-4Narrow-aisletrucksFigure1-5Narrow-aislereachtrucks2.TurrettrucksThelifttruckoftenchosenforworkinverynarrowaislesistheturrettruck(Figure1-6).Thesetruckshavepivoting[?p?v?t??]帶轉軸的

forksthatturn90degreesoneithersideandtraverse[tr??v??s]橫移

fromsidetoside.Figure1-6TurrettruckToputawayaload,anoperatordrivesdowntheaislewiththeloadfacingforwardandthenstopsatthedesignated[?dez?ɡne?t?d]指定的

storagelocation存放地點.Theforkspivottotheappropriatesideandlifttheloadtothedesiredheight.Thentheforkstraversetotheirfullextension,depositingtheload.Theforksreturntotheiroriginalpositionbeforeforwardtravelresumes[r??zju?mz]重新開始.

在繼續(xù)向前行駛之前，撥叉返回其原始位置Turrettruckscanbecompletelyoperator-guidedorcanrunonawireguidancesystem—anattractiveoptioninverynarrowaisles.Inman-up載人的

trucks,theoperatorcompartmentriseswiththeload.Inman-downtrucks,operatorsremainatfloorlevel.

3.OrderpickersWhilereachtrucksandturrettrucksareusedforstoringandretrievingpalletloads,orderpickers(Figure1-7)areusedforhandlingindividualitemsorcases.Anorderpicker,alsoknownasastockpickeroranorderselector,liftstheoperatoronaplatformalongwiththeforks.Theoperatorpicksitemsfrombulkstoragelocationsandplacesthemdirectlyontoapalletontheforksofthetruck.Orderpickerscansafelymoveforwardwhileinanelevatedposition.Theycanbecompletelyoperator-guidedorcanrunonwireguidancesystems.Figure1-7Orderpicker

Lowliftpallettrucks(palletjacks)Thesimplestandleastexpensivelifttrucksarenon-poweredpallettrucks,alsoknownashandpallettrucks(Figure1-8)orhandpalletjacks.Non-poweredpallettrucksusealiftingdevice—usuallyhydraulic—toraisepalletsjustafewinchesoffthefloor.Operatorsthengrabthetruck’shandleandpulltheloadbehindthem.

Figure1-8LowliftpallettrucksⅠ.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish.1.Whatisthemostcommontypeofforklifttruck?

2.Whatarethethreeofthemostcommonnarrow-aisletrucks?

3.Whatarethesimplestandleastexpensivelifttrucks?

Ⅱ.TranslatethefollowingEnglishsentencesintoChinese.1.CounterbalancedLifttrucksarepoweredeitherbyinternalcombustionenginesorelectricmotors.Morethan60%ofthecounterbalancedlifttruckssoldinNorthAmericaduring2006wereoftheinternalcombustiontype.Internalcombustiontrucksrunonavarietyoffuels,includinggasoline,diese