TextContentschassis 底盤(pán)steeringwheel 轉(zhuǎn)向盤(pán)shiftlever 換擋操縱桿leafspring 鋼板彈簧engine 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)clutch 離合器gearbox 變速器propellershaft 傳動(dòng)軸finalreduction 輪邊減速器(主減速器)frame 車(chē)架universaljoint 萬(wàn)向節(jié)rearaxle 后橋differential 差速器halfshaft 半軸rearsuspension 后懸架drivingaxle 驅(qū)動(dòng)橋rearwheel 后輪drivenaxle 從動(dòng)橋rightsteeringknuckle 右轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)trapezoidalarm 梯形臂tierod 轉(zhuǎn)向橫拉桿knucklearm 轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)臂draglink 轉(zhuǎn)向直拉桿pitmanarm 轉(zhuǎn)向搖臂steeringgear 轉(zhuǎn)向器steeringuniversaljoint 轉(zhuǎn)向萬(wàn)向節(jié)steeringdriveaxle 轉(zhuǎn)向傳動(dòng)軸steeringshaft 轉(zhuǎn)向軸steeringwheel 轉(zhuǎn)向盤(pán)brake

pedal 制動(dòng)踏板pusher 推桿main

cylinder

piston 主缸活塞brake

master

cylinder 制動(dòng)主缸brake

wheel

cylinder 制動(dòng)輪缸wheel

cylinder

piston 輪缸活塞brake

drum 制動(dòng)鼓friction

disk 摩擦片brake

shoe 制動(dòng)蹄brake

plate 制動(dòng)底板supporting

pin 支撐銷(xiāo)brakeshoereturn

spring 制動(dòng)蹄回位彈簧TextAlthoughtherearemanykindsofenginestoday,thechassisstructuredoesnothavegreatdifferences.Steeringwheel,shiftlever,leafspring,engine,clutch,gearbox,propellershaft,finalreductionandframearethemaincomponentsofthecommonchassis.Generallyspeaking,therearefoursystemsinthechassis.Theyare:transmissionsystem,travelingsystem,steeringsystemandbrakesystem.Transmissionsystem(Figure33-1)islocatedbetweentheengineanddrivingwheel.Thefunctionofthetransmissionsystemistotransmitthepowerfromtheenginetothedrivingwheel.Themaincomponentsoftransmissionsystemareclutch,gearbox,finalFigure33-1Transmissionsystem1—Clutch;2—Gearbox;3—Universaljoint;4—Rearaxle;5—Differential;6—Halfshaft;7—Finalreduction;8—Propeller

shaftreductionanddifferential.Thepurposeofclutchistopermitthedrivertocoupleoruncoupletheengineandtransmission.Anditisthegearboxthatprovidesdifferentgearratiosbetweentheengineandwheels.Thefunctionofthedifferentialistopermittherightandleftwheeltorotatedifferentamountswhenthecargoesaroundaturn.Traveling

system

consists

of

frame,

axle,

wheel

and

suspension.

The

frame

is

thefoundationofthewholevehicle.Axlesareconnectedtotheframebyspringstoevenouttheshocksfromtheirregularitiesofthegroundsurface.Itissuspensionthattransferstheforces

and

torques

from

the

wheel

to

the

frame,

absorbing

impact

and

vibration.Frame,rearsuspension,drivingaxle,rearwheel,frontaxle,drivenaxleandfrontsuspensionareusedtodescribetraveling

system.Weusesteeringsystem(Figure33-2)toguidethecar.Thatistosay,thepurposeofthesteeringsystemisguidingthecarwherethedriverwantsittogo.Themaincomponentsofthesteeringsystemareas

followings.Figure33-2Steeringsystem1—Rightsteeringknuckle;2—Trapezoidalarm;3—Tierod;4—Trapezoidalarm;5—Leftsteeringknuckle;6—Knucklearm;7—Draglink;8—Pitmanarm;9—Steeringgear;10—Steeringuniversaljoint;11—Steeringdriveaxle;12—Steeringshaft;13—SteeringwheelWeusebrakesystemtosloworstopthecar.Goodbrakesareessentialforsafety.Hydraulicsbrakesareusuallyusedoncommoncars,anditoperatesbyapplyingpressuretoafluid.Brake

pedal,

pusher,

main

cylinder

piston,

brake

master

cylinder,

oil

pipe,

brakewheel

cylinder,

wheel

cylinder

piston,

brake

drum,

f