高考英語(yǔ)考前分類強(qiáng)化（一）一教育類

精品佳作，考前閱讀技巧全掌握

Passage1

InatimeoflowacademicachievementbychildrenintheUnitedStates,manyAmericansare

turningtoJapan,acountryofhighacademicachievementandeconomicsuccess,forpossible

answers.However,theanswersprovidedbyJapanesepreschoolsarenottheonesAmericans

expectedtofind.InmostJapanesepreschools,surprisinglylittleemphasisisputonacademic

instruction.Inoneinvestigation,300Japaneseand210Americanpreschoolteachers,child

developmentspecialists,andparentswereaskedaboutvariousaspectsofearlychildhood

education.Only2percentoftheJapaneserespondents［答問(wèn)卷者）listed"togivechildrenagood

startacademically"asoneoftheirtopthreereasonsforasocietytohavepreschools.Incontrast,

overhalftheAmericanrespondentschosethisasoneoftheirtopthreechoices.Toprepare

childrenforsuccessfulcareersinfirstgradeandbeyond,Japaneseschoolsdonotteachreading,

writing,andmathematics,butratherskillssuchaspersistence,concentration,andtheabilityto

functionasamemberofagroup.ThevastmajorityofyoungJapanesechildrenaretaughttoread

athomebytheirparents.

IntherecentcomparisonofJapaneseandAmericanpreschooleducation,91percentof

Japaneserespondentschoseprovidingchildrenwithagroupexperienceasoneoftheirtopthree

reasonsforasocietytohavepreschools.Sixty-twopercentofthemoreindividuallyoriented（強(qiáng)調(diào)

個(gè)性發(fā)展的）Americanslistedgroupexperienceasoneoftheirtopthreechoices.Anemphasison

theimportanceofthegroupseeninJapaneseearlychildhoodeducationcontinuesintoelementary

schooleducation.

LikeinAmerica,thereisdiversityinJapaneseearlychildhoodeducation.SomeJapanese

kindergartenshavespecificaims,suchasearlymusicaltrainingorpotentialdevelopment.Inlarge

cities,somekindergartensareattachedtouniversitiesthathaveelementaryandsecondaryschools.

SomeJapaneseparentsbelievethatiftheiryoungchildrenattendauniversity-basedprogram,it

willincreasethechildren'schancesofeventuallybeingadmittedtotop-ratedschoolsand

universities.Severalmoreprogressiveprogramshaveintroducedfreeplayasawayoutforthe

heavyintellectualizinginsomeJapanesekindergartens.

16.WelearnfromthefirstparagraphthatmanyAmericansbelieve

A)JapaneseparentsaremoreinvolvedinpreschooleducationthanAmericanparents

B)Japan'seconomicsuccessisaresultofitsscientificachievements

C)Japanesepreschooleducationemphasizesacademicinstruction

D)Japan'shighereducationissuperiortotheirs

17.MostAmericanssurveyedbelievethatpreschoolsshouldalsoattachimportanceto

A)problemsolvingB)groupexperience

C)parentalguidanceD)individually-orienteddevelopment

18.InJapan'spreschooleducation,thefocusison

A)preparingchildrenacademicallyB)developingchildren'sartisticinterests

C)tappingchildren'spotentialD)shapingchildren'scharacter

19.FreeplayhasbeenintroducedinsomeJapanesekindergartensinorderto

A)broadenchildren'shorizonB)cultivatechildren'screativity

C)lightenchildren'sstudyloadD)enrichchildren'sknowledge

20.WhydosomeJapaneseparentssendtheirchildrentouniversity-basedkindergartens?

A)Theycandobetterintheirfuturestudies.

B)Theycanaccumulatemoregroupexperiencethere.

C)Theycanbeindividuallyorientedwhentheygrowup.

D)Theycanhavebetterchancesofgettingafirst-rateeducation.

Passage2

I'musuallyfairlyskepticalaboutanyresearchthatconcludesthatpeopleareeitherhappieror

unhappierormoreorlesscertainofthemselvesthantheywere50yearsago.Whileanyofthese

statementsmightbetrue,theyarepracticallyimpossibletoprovescientifically.Still,Iwasstruckby

areportwhichconcludedthattoday'schildrenaresignificantlymoreanxiousthanchildreninthe

1950s.Infact,theanalysisshowed,normalchildrenaged9to17exhibitahigherlevelofanxiety

todaythanchildrenwhoweretreatedformentalillness50yearsago.

WhyareAmerica'skidssostressed?Thereportcitestwomaincauses:increasingphysical

isolation—broughtonbyhighdivorceratesandlessinvolvementincommunity,amongotherthings

一andagrowingperceptionthattheworldisamoredangerousplace.

Giventhatwecan'tturntheclockback,adultscanstilldoplentytohelpthenextgeneration

cope.

Atthetopofthelistisnurturing(培育)abetterappreciationofthelimitsofindividualism.No

childisanisland.Strengtheningsocialtieshelpsbuildcommunitiesandprotectindividualsagainst

stress.

Tohelpkidsbuildstrongerconnectionswithothers,youcanpulltheplugonTVsand

computers.Yourfamilywillthankyoulater.Theywillhavemoretimeforface-to-facerelationships,

andtheywillgetmoresleep.

Limittheamountofvirtual［虛擬的)violenceyourchildrenareexposedto.It'snotjustvideo

gamesandmovies;childrenseealotofmurderandcrimeonthelocalnews.

Keepyourexpectationsforyourchildrenreasonable.Manyhighlysuccessfulpeoplenever

attendedHarvardorYale.

Makeexercisepartofyourdailyroutine.Itwillhelpyoucopewithyourownanxietiesand

provideagoodmodelforyourkids.Sometimesanxietyisunavoidable.Butitdoesn'thavetoruin

yourlife.

21.Theauthorthinksthattheconclusionsofanyresearchaboutpeople'sstateofmindare.

A)surprisingB)confusingC)illogicalD)questionable

22.Whatdoestheauthormeanwhenhesays,"wecan'tturntheclockback"(Line1,Para.3)?

A)It'simpossibletoslowdownthepaceofchange.

B)Thesocialrealitychildrenarefacingcannotbechanged.

C)Lessonslearnedfromthepastshouldnotbeforgotten.

D)It'simpossibletoforgetthepast.

23.Accordingtoananalysis,comparedwithnormalchildrentoday,childrentreatedasmentally

川50yearsago.

A)werelessisolatedphysicallyB)wereprobablylessself-centered

C)probablysufferedlessfromanxietyD)wereconsideredlessindividualistic

24.Thefirstandmostimportantthingparentsshoulddotohelptheirchildrenis.

A)toprovidethemwithasaferenvironment

B)tolowertheirexpectationsforthem

C)togetthemmoreinvolvedsocially

D)tosetagoodmodelforthemtofollow

25.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthepassage?

A)Anxiety,thoughunavoidable,canbecopedwith.

B)Children'sanxietyhasbeenenormouslyexaggerated.

C)Children'sanxietycanbeeliminatedwithmoreparentalcare.

D)Anxiety,ifproperlycontrolled,mayhelpchildrenbecomemature.

Passage3

Onaverage,Americankidsaged3to12spent29hoursaweekinschool,eighthoursmore

thantheydidin1981.Theyalsodidmorehouseholdworkandparticipatedinmoreofsuch

organizedactivitiesassoccerandballet(芭蕾舞).Involvementinsports,inparticular,rosealmost

50%from1981to1997:boysnowspendanaverageoffourhoursaweekplayingsports;girlslog

hallthattime.Allinall,however,children'sleisuretimedroppedfrom40%ofthedayin1981to

25%.

"Childrenareaffectedbythesametimecrunch(危機(jī))thataffectstheirparents/'saysSandra

Hofferth,whoheadedtherecentstudyofchildren'stimetable.Achiefreason,shesays,isthatmore

mothersareworkingoutsidethehome.(Nevertheless,childreninbothdouble-incomeand"male

breadv/inner"householdsspentcomparableamountsoftimeinteractingwiththeirparents:19

hoursand22hoursrespectively.Incontrast,childrenspentonly9hourswiththeirsinglemothers.)

Allworkandnoplaycouldmakeforsomeverymessed-upkids."Playisthemostpowerfulway

achildexplorestheworldandlearnsabouthimself,'*saysT.BerryBrazelton,professoratHarvard

MedicalSchool.Unstructuredplayencouragesindependentthinkingandallowstheyoungto

negotiatetheirrelationshipswiththeirpeers,butkidsaged3to12spentonly12hoursaweek

engaginginit.

Thechildrensampledspentaquarteroftheirrapidlydecreasing"freetime"watchingtelevision.

Butthat,believeitornot,wasoneofthefindingsparentsmightregardasgoodnews.Ifthey're

spendinglesstimeinfrontoftheTVset,however,kidsaren'treplacingitwithreading.Despite

effortstogetkidsmoreinterestedinbooks,thechildrenspentjustoveranhouraweekreading.

Let'sfaceit,who'sgotthetime?

1.Bymentioning"thesametimecrunch"(Line1,Para.2)SandraHofferthmeans.

A)childrenhavelittletimetoplaywiththeirparents

B)childrenarenottakengoodcareofbytheirworkingparents

C)bothparentsandchildrensufferfromlackofleisuretime

D)bothparentsandchildrenhavetroublemanagingtheirtime

2.Accordingtotheauthor,thereasongivenbySandraHofferthforthetimecrunchis.

A)quiteconvincingB)partiallytrue

C)totallygroundlessD)ratherconfusing

3.Accordingtotheauthor,achilddevelopsbetterif.

A)hehasplentyoftimereadingandstudying

B)heislefttoplaywithhispeersinhisownway

C)hehasmoretimeparticipatinginschoolactivities

D)heisfreetointeractwithhisworkingparents

4.TheauthorisconcernedaboutthefactthatAmericankids.

A)areengagedinmoreandmorestructuredactivities

B)areincreasinglyneglectedbytheirworkingmothers

C)arespendingmoreandmoretimewatchingTV

D)areinvolvedlessandlessinhouseholdwork

5.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat.

A)extracurricularactivitiespromotechildren'sintelligence

B)mostchildrenwillturntoreadingwithTVsetsswitchedoff

C)effortstogetkidsinterestedinreadinghavebeenfruitful

D)mostparentsbelievereadingtobebeneficialtochildren

Passage4

Engineeringstudentsaresupposedtobeexamplesofpracticalityandrationality,butwhenit

comestomycollegeeducationIamanidealistandafool.InhighschoolIwantedtobean

electricalengineerand,ofcourse,anysensiblestudentwithmyaimswouldhavechosenacollege

withalargeengineeringdepartment,famousreputationandlotsofgoodlabsandresearch

equipment.Butthat'snotwhatIdid.

Ichosetostudyengineeringatasmallliberal-arts（文科）universitythatdoesn'tevenoffera

majorinelectricalengineering.Obviously,thiswasnotapracticalchoice;Icamehereformore

noblereasons.Iwantedabroadeducationthatwouldprovidemewithflexibilityandavaluesystem

toguidemeinmycareer.Iwantedtoopenmyeyesandexpandmyvisionbyinteractingwith

peoplewhoweren'tstudyingscienceorengineering.Myparents,teachersandotheradultspraised

meforsuchasensiblechoice.TheytoldmeIwaswiseandmaturebeyondmy18years,andI

believedthem.

IheadedofftocollegesureIwasgoingtohaveanadvantageoverthosestudentswhowentto

bigengineering“factories“wheretheydidn'tcareifyouhadvaluesorwereflexible.Iwasgoingto

beacompleteengineer:technicalgeniusandsensitivehumanist（人文學(xué)者）allinone.

NowI'mnotsosure.Somewherealongthewaymynobleidealscrashedintoreality,asall

nobleidealseventuallydo.Afterthreeyearsofstrugglingtobalancemath,physicsandengineering

courseswithliberal-artscourses,Ihavelearnedtherearereasonswhyfewengineeringstudents

trytoreconcile（協(xié)調(diào)）engineeringwithliberal-artscoursesincollege.

Therealitythathasblockedmypathtobecomingthetypicalsuccessfulstudentisthat

engineeringandtheliberalartssimplydon'tmixaseasilyasIassumedinhighschool.Individually

theyshapeapersoninverydifferentways;togethertheythreatentoconfuse.Thestruggleto

reconcilethetwofieldsofstudyisdifficult.

1.Theauthorchosetostudyengineeringatasmallliberal-artsuniversitybecausehe.

A）wantedtobeanexampleofpracticalityandrationality

B)intendedtobeacombinationofengineerandhumanist

C)wantedtocoordinateengineeringwithliberal-artscoursesincollege

D)intendedtobeasensiblestudentwithnobleideals

2.Accordingtotheauthor,byinteractingwithpeoplewhostudyliberalarts,engineeringstudents

can.

A)balanceengineeringandtheliberalartsB)receiveguidanceintheircareers

C)becomenobleidealistsD)broadentheirhorizons

3.Intheeyesoftheauthor,asuccessfulengineeringstudentisexpected.

A)tohaveanexcellentacademicrecord

B)tobewiseandmature

C)tobeimaginativewithavaluesystemtoguidehim

D)tobeatechnicalgeniuswithawidevision

4.Theauthor'sexperienceshowsthathewas.

A)creativeB)ambitiousC)unrealisticD)irrational

5.Theword“they”intogethertheythreatentoconfuse.M(Line3,Para.5)refersto.

A)engineeringandtheliberalartsB)realityandnobleideals

C)flexibilityandavaluesystemD)practicalityandrationality

Passage5

Smile,whenmakinganintroduction.

Everydaywemeetpeopleinanumberofbusinessandsocialsituations.Andthewaywemeet

andgreetthemcreatesanimpression.Ifsimportanttodosoinaproperway,nomatterwhether

youareintroducingyourselftosomeone,orintroducingtwopeopletoeachother.Tokeepyou

awareofthis,wehavegatheredtipsonhowtomakeaproperintroduction.

?Alwaysstandwhenmakinganintroduction.

Whenyouareseatedandsomeonecomesuptogreetyou,maketheefforttostandup.Bydoing

this,youshowrespectforyourselfandfortheotherperson.

?Alwaysmaintaineyecontactwhilemakinganintroduction.

Manypeoplearenotawareofthevalueofthissimpleaction.Whenyoumakeeyecontactyouare

givingaconfidentimage.

?Alwaysintroduceapersonoflesserauthoritytooneofgreaterauthority.Themostimportant

thingtorememberistosaythemostimportantperson'snamefirst.

Forexample,whenintroducingyoursupervisortoajobcandidate,youwouldgiveyour

supervisor'snamefirst."BobJones,mayIintroduceSusanLee,whohasjustgraduatedfromABC

University?"

?Inasituationwhererankisunimportant,anintroductionisbasedonsexandage.Amanis

presentedtoawomanandayoungerwomantoanolderwoman.

Whatifyoufindyourselfinasituationwhereyouhaveforgottentheotherperson'sname?Startwith

ahandshakeandreintroduceyourself.Bydoingthis,youwillusuallycausetheotherpersontodo

thesame.

However,iftheotherpersondoesnottakeyoursuggestion,itisOKsimplytoapologizeandlet

thepersonknowthatyoucannotrememberherorhisname.Thisisnottheidealsituation,of

course,butitdoeshappentoallofus.Theotherpersonshouldbeforgiving.

1.Thearticlegivesyouadviceon.

A.howtomakeaselfintroduction

B.howtomakeaproperintroduction

C.howtoleaveagoodimpressiononpeople

D.howtogreetpeopleinsocialsituations

2.Accordingtothepassage,peoplewillthinkyouareifyoudon'tmakeeyecontactwith

them.

A.nothonestB.notconfidentC.shyD.unfriendly

3.Whatshouldyoudowhenyouintroduceanewworkertoyourboss?

A.Youshouldnotgiveyourboss*name.

B.Youshouldgivethenewworker'snamefirst.

C.Youneedn'tgiveyourboss1name.

D.Youshouldgiveyourboss'namefirst.

4.Ifyouforgettheotherperson'sname,you'dbetter.

A.askhim/herdirectly

B.apologizefirstandthenaskhim/her

C.shakehandswiththepersonandreintroduceyourself

D.considerhisagefirst

Passage6

Slangisoneofthosethingsthateverybodycanrecognizeandnobodycandefine（下定義）.

Notonlyisithardtowrapslanginadefinition,itisalsohardtodistinguish（區(qū)別）itfromsuch

similarthingsascolloquialism（口語(yǔ)），provincialism（方言）,jargon（彳亍話）ortradetalk（彳亍業(yè)話）.

Usually,slangtendstobetransient.Thusparentsareoftenlaughedatbytheirchildrenwhenthis

oldergenerationusesslangwhichwasconsideredtobetheheightoffashionintheirownyouth.Of

course,theslangteenagechildrenusetodayisverydifferentfromthatoftheirparents.