2025年GRE閱讀理解專項訓(xùn)練考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______模擬試卷Passage1Theproliferationofdigitalinformationhasfundamentallyalteredthelandscapeofacademicresearch,presentingbothunprecedentedopportunitiesandsignificantchallenges.Ononehand,researchersnowpossessaccesstoavastrepositoryofdataandscholarlyarticlesthatwerepreviouslyunimaginable,potentiallyacceleratingthepaceofdiscoveryandenablingmorecomprehensiveanalyses.Thisdigitaldeluge,however,isnotwithoutitsdrawbacks.Thesheervolumeofinformationcanbeoverwhelming,makingitincreasinglydifficultforscholarstoidentifytrulyrelevantandhigh-qualitysourcesamidstthenoise.Furthermore,theeasewithwhichmisinformationorpoorlyvetteddatacanspreadonlineposesaseriousthreattotheintegrityofresearch.Theabilitytocriticallyevaluatesourcesanddiscerncredibleevidencefromdubiousclaimshasthusbecomeanessentialskill,perhapsmoresothaninpreviouseras.Moreover,thedigitaldivide—unequalaccesstotechnologyanddigitalliteracy—introducesanewdimensionofinequalityintotheresearchprocess,potentiallyfavoringthosealreadysituatedadvantageouslyintheacademichierarchy.Questions:1.Accordingtothepassage,whatisonemajorbenefitofthedigitalageforacademicresearch?2.Theword"proliferation"inthefirstsentenceisbestunderstoodas:3.Whatchallengedoesthepassageidentifyasresultingfromtheeaseofaccessingdigitalinformation?4.Thepassagesuggeststhatinthepast,theskillofcriticalevaluationwasperhapslesscrucialforresearchersthanitistoday.Whatpieceofevidencesupportsthissuggestion?5.Theauthorimpliesthatthedigitaldividecouldhavewhicheffectonacademicresearch?Passage2Inthestudyofurbandevelopment,theconceptof"gentrification"referstotheprocessbywhichneighborhoodsexperiencerevitalizationthroughtheinfluxofmoreaffluentresidents,oftenleadingtoincreasedpropertyvaluesandchangesinthelocalcommerciallandscape.Proponentsarguethatgentrificationcaninjectmuch-neededinvestmentintodecliningareas,improvinginfrastructureandamenities,andultimatelyenhancingtheoverallvitalityofthecity.However,criticscontendthatthenegativeconsequencesoftenoutweighthebenefits,particularlyforlong-term,lower-incomeresidents.Asrisingrentsandpropertypricesforceoutsmallerbusinessesandworking-classinhabitants,thesocialfabricofthesecommunitiescanbeseverelydisrupted.Thedisplacementoflong-termresidents,oftenpeopleofcolor,leadstoconcernsabouttheerasureoftheneighborhood'sculturalidentityandhistoricalroots.Whilesomearguethatgentrificationisaninevitableoutcomeofurbanrenewal,otherssuggestthatmoreequitabledevelopmentstrategiescanmitigateitsmostdamagingeffects,ensuringthatthebenefitsofrevitalizationaresharedmorebroadlyacrossthesocioeconomicspectrum.Questions:6.WhatistheprimaryconceptbeingdefinedinthefirstsentenceofPassage2?7.Accordingtoproponentsofgentrificationmentionedinthepassage,whatisapotentialpositiveoutcomeofthisprocess?8.Theword"contend"inthesecondparagraphisbestunderstoodas:9.Whatspecificnegativeconsequenceofgentrificationdoesthepassagehighlightthataffectslocalbusinesses?10.Thepassagementions"theerasureoftheneighborhood'sculturalidentity."Whatdoesthisphrasesuggestabouttheimpactofgentrificationonlong-termresidents?Passage3Biodiversity,thevarietyoflifeonEarth,iswidelyrecognizedascrucialforthehealthandstabilityofecosystems.Forests,forinstance,relyonadiversearrayofplantandanimalspeciestomaintaincomplexfoodwebsandnutrientcycles.Whenbiodiversityisreduced,oftenthroughhabitatdestructionortheintroductionofinvasivespecies,ecosystemscanbecomemorevulnerabletodisturbancesandlessresilient.Conservationefforts,therefore,oftenfocusonprotectinghabitatsandmanagingecosystemstopreservegeneticdiversitywithinspeciespopulations.Theseeffortsarenotmerelyaltruistic;biodiversityalsoprovidesdirectbenefitstohumanity,oftentermed"ecosystemservices."Theseincludeeverythingfrompollinationofcropsandwaterpurificationtotheregulationofclimateandtheprovisionofrawmaterials.Theongoinglossofbiodiversityposesasignificantthreattobothnaturalsystemsandhumanwell-being,necessitatingurgentandcomprehensiveglobalactiontoprotecttheplanet'sinvaluablebiologicalheritage.Questions:11.Whatfundamentalroledoesbiodiversityplayinecosystems,accordingtothepassage?12.Thepassageusestheexampleof"forests"toillustrateapoint.Whatisthatpoint?13.Whatismeantby"ecosystemservices"asdescribedinthepassage?14.Accordingtothepassage,whatfactorcanmakeecosystemsmorevulnerablewhenbiodiversityisreduced?15.Thepassageconcludesbystatingthatthelossofbiodiversityposesathreat.Whattypeofactiondoesitsuggestisnecessaryinresponse?Passage4Theevolutionofcommunicationtechnologieshasdramaticallyreshapedhumaninteraction,movingbeyondtraditionalface-to-facecommunicationtoencompassawidearrayofmediatedforms.Theriseofsocialmediaplatforms,instantmessaging,andvideoconferencinghasconnectedindividualsacrossvastdistancesinunprecedentedways,facilitatingthemaintenanceofpersonalrelationshipsandenablingglobalcollaboration.However,thisshifttowardsmediatedcommunicationisnotwithoutitscomplexitiesandpotentialdownsides.Criticspointtothephenomenonof"phubbing"(phonesnubbing)insocialsettings,whereindividualsaremoreengagedwiththeirdevicesthanwiththosepresentaroundthem,potentiallyhinderinggenuinesocialconnection.Furthermore,thecuratedandoftenidealizedpresentationsofselfonlinecanleadtosocialcomparisonandnegativeself-evaluation.Thespeedandreachofdigitalcommunicationalsofacilitatetherapidspreadofsocialtrends,bothpositiveandnegative,includingtheamplificationofmisinformationandonlineharassment.Navigatingthenuancesoftoneandintentintext-basedcommunication,lackingthenon-verbalcuesofface-to-faceinteraction,canalsoleadtomisunderstandings.Whilethesetechnologiesofferremarkabletoolsforconnection,theirpervasivenaturerequirescarefulconsiderationofhowtheyinfluenceoursociallivesandmentalwell-being.Questions:16.Whatmajorchangehasthepassageattributedtotheevolutionofcommunicationtechnologies?17.Accordingtothepassage,whatisonenegativeconsequenceofbeingoverlyengagedwithdevicesinsocialsettings?18.Thephrase"curatedandoftenidealizedpresentationsofselfonline"refersto:19.Besidesfacilitatingconnection,thepassagementionsanothersignificantimpactofdigitalcommunication.Whatisit?20.Whatchallengedoesthelackofnon-verbalcuesintext-basedcommunicationpresent,asmentionedinthepassage?試卷答案1.Accesstoavastrepositoryofdataandscholarlyarticles.*解析思路：題干詢問數(shù)字時代對學(xué)術(shù)研究的一個主要好處。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句，明確提到“研究人員現(xiàn)在擁有訪問大量數(shù)據(jù)和學(xué)術(shù)文章的途徑，這以前是無法想象的”，這直接對應(yīng)了“巨大的數(shù)據(jù)庫和學(xué)術(shù)文章庫的訪問權(quán)”。2.Thespreadofmanynewthingsofaparticulartype.*解析思路：題干詢問“proliferation”這個詞的最佳理解。根據(jù)上下文，“proliferationofdigitalinformation”指的是數(shù)字信息（如數(shù)據(jù)、文章等）數(shù)量的急劇增加和廣泛傳播。選項A“許多特定類型新事物的傳播”與此意思最接近。3.Itcanbedifficulttoidentifytrulyrelevantandhigh-qualitysourcesamidstthenoise.*解析思路：題干詢問數(shù)字信息泛濫導(dǎo)致的一個挑戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句，“然而，信息量的巨大可能令人難以承受，使得學(xué)者們難以在噪音中識別真正相關(guān)和高質(zhì)量的信息來源”。選項D“在噪音中難以識別真正相關(guān)和高質(zhì)量的信息來源”準(zhǔn)確概括了這一點。4.Theabilitytocriticallyevaluatesourcesanddiscerncredibleevidencefromdubiousclaimshasbecomeanessentialskill.*解析思路：題干指出文章暗示過去批判性評價技能可能不如今天重要，并要求找出支持這一觀點的證據(jù)。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句，“因此，批判性地評估來源并從可疑的主張中辨別出可信證據(jù)的能力已成為一項基本技能，也許比以往任何時候都更加重要”。這句話直接表明，與過去相比，今天這項技能“也許更加重要”，從而支持了題干的暗示。5.Itcouldfavorthosealreadysituatedadvantageouslyintheacademichierarchy.*解析思路：題干詢問數(shù)字鴻溝對學(xué)術(shù)研究可能產(chǎn)生的影響。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句，“數(shù)字鴻溝——接觸技術(shù)和數(shù)字素養(yǎng)的不平等——給研究過程引入了新的不平等維度，可能有利于已經(jīng)在學(xué)術(shù)等級制度中處于優(yōu)勢地位的人”。選項E“可能有利于已經(jīng)在學(xué)術(shù)等級制度中處于優(yōu)勢地位的人”準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)了這種可能的影響。6.Theprocessbywhichneighborhoodsexperiencerevitalizationthroughtheinfluxofmoreaffluentresidents,oftenleadingtoincreasedpropertyvaluesandchangesinthelocalcommerciallandscape.*解析思路：題干詢問文章第一句定義的主要概念。該句直接定義了“gentrification”（紳士化），“是指社區(qū)通過更富裕居民的涌入而經(jīng)歷復(fù)興的過程，通常導(dǎo)致房價上漲和當(dāng)?shù)厣虡I(yè)景觀的變化”。選項A的表述與該定義完全一致。7.Itcaninjectmuch-neededinvestmentintodecliningareas,improvinginfrastructureandamenities,andultimatelyenhancingtheoverallvitalityofthecity.*解析思路：題干詢問支持紳士化的論點中提到的一個潛在積極結(jié)果。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句，“支持者認(rèn)為，紳士化可以將急需的投資注入衰退區(qū)域，改善基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和便利設(shè)施，并最終提升城市的整體活力”。選項B準(zhǔn)確概括了這一論點。8.Toargueinfavorofaideaoropinion.*解析思路：題干詢問“contend”在第二段中的最佳理解。根據(jù)上下文，“然而，批評者認(rèn)為（criticscontend）負(fù)面后果往往超過積極影響...”。這里“contend”表示批評者主張或論證這些負(fù)面后果是主要的。選項C“為一種觀點或意見進(jìn)行辯護(hù)”最符合此語境。9.Smallerbusinessesareforcedout.*解析思路：題干詢問文章指出的紳士化導(dǎo)致的一個具體負(fù)面后果，影響當(dāng)?shù)仄髽I(yè)。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句，“隨著租金和房價的上漲，小企業(yè)和工人階級居民被驅(qū)逐出去”。選項D“小企業(yè)被驅(qū)逐”準(zhǔn)確描述了這一后果。10.Itsuggeststhattheculturalcharacteristicsandhistoricalbackgroundoftheneighborhoodarelostorreplaced.*解析思路：題干詢問“erasureoftheneighborhood'sculturalidentity”這句話對長期居民影響的影響。根據(jù)文章第二段第三句，“長期居民的displacing...leadsto對社區(qū)文化特征和歷史根源的抹除的擔(dān)憂”。這句話暗示長期居民的文化特性和歷史背景被丟失或取代。選項E表達(dá)了這層意思。11.Itiscrucialforthehealthandstabilityofecosystems.*解析思路：題干詢問生物多樣性在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的基本作用。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句，“生物多樣性，即地球上生命的多樣性，被廣泛認(rèn)為對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的健康和穩(wěn)定性至關(guān)重要”。選項A的表述與該句直接對應(yīng)。12.Biodiversitycontributestocomplexfoodwebsandnutrientcycleswithinecosystems,whichareimportantfortheirhealth.*解析思路：題干詢問文章使用森林作為例子是為了說明什么。根據(jù)文章第三段第二句，“例如，森林依賴于眾多植物和動物物種的多樣性來維持復(fù)雜的食物網(wǎng)和營養(yǎng)循環(huán)”。這里解釋了生物多樣性（以森林為例）如何通過維持復(fù)雜的食物網(wǎng)和營養(yǎng)循環(huán)來支持生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的健康。13.Theyarethebenefitsthatecosystemsprovidetohumans,suchaspollination,waterpurification,climateregulation,andtheprovisionofrawmaterials.*解析思路：題干詢問“ecosystemservices”在文章中的含義。根據(jù)文章第三段第三句，“這些（指生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)）是生態(tài)系統(tǒng)為人類提供的直接好處，通常被稱為‘生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)’，包括從授粉作物到水凈化，再到氣候調(diào)節(jié)和原材料供應(yīng)的一切事物”。選項C的表述概括了該句定義的內(nèi)容。14.Habitatdestructionortheintroductionofinvasivespecies.*解析思路：題干詢問當(dāng)生物多樣性減少時，使生態(tài)系統(tǒng)更容易受到干擾的原因。根據(jù)文章第三段第二句，“當(dāng)生物多樣性減少時（oftenthroughhabitatdestructionortheintroductionofinvasivespecies），生態(tài)系統(tǒng)會更容易受到干擾”。選項B列出了導(dǎo)致生物多樣性減少的兩個原因，即“棲息地破壞或引入入侵物種”。15.Urgentandcomprehensiveglobalactiontoprotecttheplanet'sinvaluablebiologicalheritage.*解析思路：題干詢問文章結(jié)尾針對生物多樣性喪失威脅所建議的行動。根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句，“正在進(jìn)行的生物多樣性喪失對自然系統(tǒng)和人道主義構(gòu)成了重大威脅，需要緊急和全面的全球行動來保護(hù)地球?qū)氋F的生物遺產(chǎn)”。選項D準(zhǔn)確概括了建議的行動。16.Ithaschangedhuman