專(zhuān)題05復(fù)合句之定語(yǔ)從句高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解

長(zhǎng)難句突破CONTENTS

定語(yǔ)從句的概念01定語(yǔ)從句的分類(lèi)02定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞03長(zhǎng)難句之定語(yǔ)從句04定語(yǔ)從句的概念①??定義?句式結(jié)構(gòu)??分類(lèi)定語(yǔ)從句????特殊用法在復(fù)合句中，修飾/限定名詞或代詞（先行詞）的從句先行詞+關(guān)系詞+從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句??Mind-map定語(yǔ)從句的概念①定語(yǔ)從句=形容詞性從句先搞清楚什么是定語(yǔ)？“定”即確定或者修飾限定的意思名詞或者代詞翻譯過(guò)來(lái)叫做“…的”定語(yǔ)從句的概念①定語(yǔ)是什么樣子的？Heisacuteboy.-----形容詞Isawherbookthismorning.-----代詞Ifyougiveme8books,youwillget8dollars.-----數(shù)詞Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.-----名詞Heboughtsomesleepingpills.-----動(dòng)名詞HisspokenEnglishisgood.-----過(guò)去分詞前置定語(yǔ):形容詞

代詞

數(shù)詞

名詞

動(dòng)名詞

分詞定語(yǔ)從句的概念①定語(yǔ)是什么樣子的？后置定語(yǔ):不，分，介，定，形，副，同Wehavealotofworktodo.-----不定式Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.-----現(xiàn)在分詞Theflowerplantedinthegardeniscarnation.-----過(guò)去分詞Theboyinredismyson.-----介詞短語(yǔ)Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?-----定語(yǔ)從句Heistheonlypersonreliable.-----形容詞Peoplehereareveryfriendly.-----副詞Thenewsthatthedriverwasarrestedyesterdayprovedfake.---同從定語(yǔ)從句的概念①1.用一個(gè)句子來(lái)修飾限定名詞或者代詞，翻譯過(guò)來(lái)叫做“…的”。什么是定語(yǔ)從句？Ilikethebook(thatisfullofinterestingstories).先行詞定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞定語(yǔ)從句的概念①定語(yǔ)從句的三要素1.先行詞：走在前面的詞=名詞/代詞關(guān)系代詞：who/whom/whosethat/which/as3.功能：引導(dǎo)定從+充當(dāng)成分關(guān)系副詞：when/where/why2.關(guān)系詞定語(yǔ)從句的概念①I(mǎi)t’sachair

which

isbroken.定語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)(先行詞)關(guān)系詞從句部分觀察例句定語(yǔ)從句的概念①判斷以下句中從句是否為定語(yǔ)從句01.Afriendwhofrownsisbetterthanasmilingenemy.02.Asiaisoneoftheplaceswheremankindcame.03.Inordertomakeachange,youshoulddecidewhyitisimportant.04.Collegeiswhereyoumeetdifferentkindsofpeople.05.Ateamthatisfullofenthusiasmismorelikelytowin.判斷方法：主句成分完整，從句僅用于修飾限制主句的某個(gè)名詞性成分定語(yǔ)從句的分類(lèi)②Themanwhohasabeautifulwifeisafarmer.Theman,whohasabeautifulwife,possessesabull.觀察例句定語(yǔ)從句的分類(lèi)②定語(yǔ)從句限制性定從從句修飾限制先行詞，使主句信息完整，一般沒(méi)有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)非限制性定從從句補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明被修飾部分，連接的是兩個(gè)同樣重要的分句。書(shū)寫(xiě)時(shí)必須寫(xiě)出逗號(hào)定語(yǔ)從句的分類(lèi)②??分類(lèi)定語(yǔ)從句??限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞指人指物時(shí)間原因地點(diǎn)who,that,aswho,that,as,whomwhose主語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)which,that,aswhich,that,aswhose主語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)whenwherewhy不用that,whyas,which可以指代一整句話定語(yǔ)從句的分類(lèi)②限制性定語(yǔ)從句：與先行詞關(guān)系密切，刪除后影響整個(gè)意思的表達(dá)，不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。只可修飾名詞或代詞，不可修飾句子。Thosewhoarefortheplanraiseyourhands,please.請(qǐng)支持這個(gè)計(jì)劃的人舉手?！?024年全國(guó)甲卷】TheSaintLukasisoneoffivegovernment-sponsoredmedicaltrainsthattraveltoremotetownsincentralandeasternRussia.圣盧卡斯列車(chē)是由政府資助的五列前往俄羅斯中部和東部偏遠(yuǎn)城鎮(zhèn)的醫(yī)療列車(chē)之一。定語(yǔ)從句的分類(lèi)②非限制性定語(yǔ)從句：與先行詞關(guān)系不密切，是一種補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，刪除后不影響整個(gè)意思的表達(dá)，一般用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。不可用關(guān)系代詞that，關(guān)系代詞不可省略，既可修飾名詞或代詞，也可修飾句子，用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。Hewasgenerouswithhistime,forwhichIwasgrateful.他十分慷慨地給予我時(shí)間，為此我非常感激。定語(yǔ)從句的分類(lèi)②Mike

has

a

girlfriend

whoisfromclass6.Mike

has

a

girlfriend,

whoisfromclass6.他有一個(gè)來(lái)自6班的女朋友。（可能不止一個(gè)）他有一個(gè)女朋友，她來(lái)自6班。（只有一個(gè)女朋友）區(qū)別①有無(wú)逗號(hào)區(qū)別②含義不同非限制性定從限制性定從限制性VS非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的分類(lèi)②限制性VS非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的分類(lèi)②This

is

a

beautiful

place，which

I

loved

most.This

is

the

only

place

that

I

loved.限制性定從（句子1）不可刪除，否則句意不完整。非限制性定從（句子2）可刪除，只是對(duì)place起到補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用。區(qū)別③可否刪除非限制性定從限制性定從限制性VS非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞③關(guān)系代詞先行詞在從句中的作用who人主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)whom人賓語(yǔ)which物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)that人或物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)whose人或物定語(yǔ)as人或物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)

關(guān)系代詞的用法定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞③who/whom/whose-主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)/定語(yǔ)-人/物2.Ilikethegirl(whoyouaretalkingto).who做主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)-人人主語(yǔ)1.Ilikethegirl(whoisfromAmerica).人賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞③whom做賓語(yǔ)-人人賓語(yǔ)1.Ilikethegirl(whomyouarefondof).人賓語(yǔ)2.Ilikethegirl(whomyouaredevotingyourselfto).who/whom/whose-主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)/定語(yǔ)-人/物定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞③1.People____takephysicalexerciselivelonger.

2.Doyouknowtheman__________Mr.Whiteintroducedjustnow?3.Hisdaughter,_____isinBostonnow,iscominghomenextweek.4.ZhongNanshanisournationalhero,________Iadmireverymuch.

5.Themanwith______Iworkedhasleft.whoVSwhomwhowhom/whowhowhom/whowho在從句中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，whom只做賓語(yǔ)，介詞之后代指人只能用_________。whomwhom定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞③Who/whom/whose-人whose做定語(yǔ)-人/物

：N1+whose+N2人定語(yǔ)1.Ilikethegirl(whosehairisred).物定語(yǔ)2.Ilikethebook(whosecolorisyellow).定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞③Theriver_______banksarecoveredwithtreesflowstothesea.whosewhose的使用定從之中少定語(yǔ)，whose為你補(bǔ)一補(bǔ)；whose指人又指物，所屬關(guān)系要記住。

1.Ourmonitoristheboy______fatherisalawyer.2.InancientChinalivedanartist______paintingswerealmostlifelike.3.Iboughtagrammarbook______coverisred.whose

whosewhose=theriver’s=theboy’s

=theartist’s=thebook’s定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞③that/which/as-主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ)-人/物that做主語(yǔ)-人/物

人主語(yǔ)1.Iliketheboy(thatisveryhumorous).物主語(yǔ)2.Ilikethebook(thatisveryinteresting).定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞③that做賓語(yǔ)-人/物

人賓語(yǔ)1.Iliketheboy(thatyouloveverymuch).物賓語(yǔ)2.Ilikethebook(thatshegavemeyesterday).that/which/as-主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ)-人/物定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞③that做表語(yǔ)-人/物

人表語(yǔ)1.Iamnolongertheman(thatIwasthreeyearsago).that/which/as-主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ)-人/物物表語(yǔ)2.Itisnolongerthebook(thatitwasthreeyearsago).定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞③1.

I’llneverforgettheday__________wemet.2.

I’llneverforgettheday__________wespent

together.

3.

Iwenttotheplace__________Iworkedtenyearsago.4.

Iwenttotheplace__________Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.

Thisisthereason__________hewaslate.6.

Thisisthereason__________hegave.

在定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)從句缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí),用關(guān)系代詞;當(dāng)從句是完整的句子時(shí),用關(guān)系副詞。區(qū)分關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞

whenthat/whichwherethat/whichwhythat/which定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞③先行詞方式狀語(yǔ)1.that用作關(guān)系副詞,作方式狀語(yǔ)=inwhich,可以省略先行詞一定是theway只用that的特殊用法-牢記！1.Idon’tliketheway

(that/inwhichyouspeaktoyourmom).定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞③有人有物只用that2.先行詞有人且有物-只用that只用that的特殊用法-牢記！2.Doyouknowthethingsandpersons(that

they’retalkingabout?)定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞③序數(shù)詞修飾只用that3.先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾-只用that只用that的特殊用法-牢記！3.Thisisthefirstmovie(that

Ihaveeverseen).定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞③形容詞最高級(jí)修飾只用that4.先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾-只用that只用that的特殊用法-牢記！4.Thisisthebestmovie(that

Ihaveeverseen).定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞③先行詞本身是不定代詞只用that5.先行詞本身是不定代詞-只用thateverything/something/nothing/all/much只用that的特殊用法-牢記！5.Iwillremembereverything(thatyou’vedoneforme).定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞③被very修飾只用that6.先行詞被only/very/little/all-只用that只用that的特殊用法-牢記！6.Thisistheverybook(thatyouarelookingfor).定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞③主句中有which只用that7.主句中有which時(shí)只用that的特殊用法-牢記！7.Whichisthecoursethatwearetotake?定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞③which做主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)-物

物主語(yǔ)1.Thisisthebook(which

isveryinteresting).that/which/as-主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ)-人/物物賓語(yǔ)2.Thisisthebook(whichJaneboughtmelastnight).定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞③只用which的情況1.Thisisthebook,which

isveryinteresting).that/which/as-主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ)-人/物物賓語(yǔ)2.Thisisthebook,fromwhichmymomtoldmealotofstories).物介詞+賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞③只用which的情況3.(Hesoldhisnewly-boughtbook),whichsurprisedmeverymuch.that/which/as-主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ)-人/物which指代整句話主語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞③1.先行詞是不定代詞或被不定代詞修飾；2.先行詞是最高級(jí)或被最高級(jí)修飾；3.先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾；4.先行詞被theonly,thevery,thelast修飾；5.先行詞既有人又有物；6.主句主語(yǔ)是who或which時(shí)；7.先行詞是主句表語(yǔ)或關(guān)系詞是從句表語(yǔ)時(shí)。代指事物時(shí)，只用that，不用which（7種）代指事物時(shí)，只用which，不用that（兩種）兩個(gè)之后(逗號(hào)之后，介詞之后)定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞③1.Thereisnothing______wecandonow.2.Thepresenttimeisthebestgift______youcangiveyourself.3.Don'ttrustthefirstsign______yousee.4.Thisistheverybook______Iwant.5.Mymotherandheroldfriendstalkedofthingsandpersons______theyrememberedintheschool.6.Whichisthecar______youboughtlastweek?7.Jackisnottheman______hewas.8.Hehadfailedinphysicsexam,______madehisfatherveryangry.9.Herbag,in______sheputallhermoney,hasbeenstolen.

thatVSwhichthatthatthatthatthatthatthatwhichwhich定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞③as做主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)/表-人/物

限制性定語(yǔ)從句:such...as/so...as/thesame...as1.Weinvitedallsuchperson

as

werelikelytocome.that/which/as-主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ)-人/物2.Itissuchagoodbook

aseveryonelikes.1.such+n+as-關(guān)系代詞:主賓表3.I’veneverseensuchafoolasheis.定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞③As做主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)/表-人/物

限制性定語(yǔ)從句:such...as/so...as/thesame...as1.Isthisthesamemosquito

as

bityoujustnow?

that/which/as-主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ)-人/物2.Thisisthesameknife

asIlost.2.thesame+n+as-關(guān)系代詞:主賓表3.Sheisjustthesameperson

assheusedtobe.定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞③As做主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)/表-人/物

限制性定語(yǔ)從句:such...as/so...as/thesame...as1.Heisso

kindaperson

as

iswillingtoofferushelp.that/which/as-主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ)-人/物2.Thisisso

sharpa

knife

aseveryonelikes.3.so+adj+n+as-關(guān)系代詞:主賓表3.Thespotisso

attractiveaplaceasitusedtobe.定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞③As做主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)-人/物

非限制性定語(yǔ)從句:有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，段首，中，尾，翻譯過(guò)來(lái)叫作“正如”從句多含有see,know,expect,tell,report等動(dòng)詞1.(Asisknowntoall),fishcan’tlivewithoutwater.that/which/as-主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ)-人/物句首/主語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞③As做主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)-人/物

非限制性定語(yǔ)從句:有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，段首，中，尾，翻譯過(guò)來(lái)叫作“正如”從句多含有see,know,expect,tell,report等動(dòng)詞that/which/as-主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ)-人/物2.ThefamousmagicianLiuQian,(asweallknow),isfromTaiwan.句首/賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞③As做主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)-人/物

非限制性定語(yǔ)從句:有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，段首，中，尾，翻譯過(guò)來(lái)叫作“正如”從句多含有see,know,expect,tell,report等動(dòng)詞that/which/as-主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ)-人/物3.Themonkeyateasnake,(asthescientistexpected.)句尾/賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞③which,as

引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別that/which/as-主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ)-人/物4.Asisoftenthecase,girlslikedollswhileboyslikeguns.強(qiáng)調(diào)前后邏輯一致5.Jacksoldhisnewly-boughtcar,whichmademesurprised.強(qiáng)調(diào)前后不一致定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞③1.Don’treadsuchbooks

____

youcan’tunderstand.2.Hereissodifficultabook____nobodycanunderstand.3.____everyoneknows,Chinaisabeautifulcountrywithalonghistory.4._____thefamoussayinggoes,

wherethere’sawillthere’saway.5.Theexperimentturnedouttobeagreatsuccess,_____wehadn’texpectedatall.區(qū)分as和whichasasas(1)先行詞與as,so,such,thesame連用或先行詞本身是such,thesame

時(shí),關(guān)系代詞用as;

(2)as引導(dǎo)非限制性定從，有“正如”的意思。which

引導(dǎo)非限制性定從,強(qiáng)調(diào)前面的事情產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。有“這件事”的意思。AsAswhich定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞③when-時(shí)間，先行詞是時(shí)間(抽象+具體)，從句不缺主要成分，when在從句作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)when/where/why-時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)/原因1.Iwillneverforgettheday

whenIfirstmetyou.

先行詞時(shí)間，從句完整2.Iwillneverforgettheday

that/whichyouspentinBJ.先行詞時(shí)間，從句不完整定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞③where-地點(diǎn)，先行詞是地點(diǎn)(抽象+具體)，從句不缺主要成分，where在從句作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)when/where/why-時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)/原因1.Iwillneverforgettheplace

whereIfirstmetyou.

先行詞地點(diǎn)，從句完整2.Iwillneverforgettheplace

that/whichyoutoldme.先行詞地點(diǎn)，從句不完整定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞③why-原因，先行詞是-reason，從句不缺主要成分，why在從句作原因狀語(yǔ)when/where/why-時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)/原因1.Iwillneverforgetthereasonwhyyoudumpedme.

先行詞原因，從句完整2.Iwillneverforgetthereason

that/whichyoutoldme.先行詞原因，從句不完整定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞③定語(yǔ)從句????特殊用法關(guān)系副詞介詞選定抽象地點(diǎn)名詞只用that不用which只用which不用that省略用法名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞+of+which/whom/whose介詞+which一看搭配二看句意case,situation,point,stage,job,position,activity,condition,scene,spot代、高、序、雙、疑、特①非限制性定語(yǔ)從句②介詞之后①限制性定從·關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)②theway(that/inwhich)長(zhǎng)難句之定語(yǔ)從句④定語(yǔ)從句主句完整從句不完整從句完整關(guān)系代詞who/

whom/whosethat/which/as關(guān)系副詞whenwherewhy

長(zhǎng)難句之定語(yǔ)從句④1．確定是定語(yǔ)從句設(shè)空處無(wú)提示詞，且空前的主句完整；空后的句子不完整，且對(duì)空前的某一名詞或代詞起限定作用，就要考慮填定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞。2.區(qū)分限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。①先行詞的后面出現(xiàn)逗號(hào)，是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。②that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。③

which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，可以代表主句的全部或部分內(nèi)容；代表整個(gè)主句時(shí)，which意為“這一點(diǎn)”。④as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，可置于句中或句首，意為“正如”。其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多是beseen,beknown,bereported,bementioned,besaid,beoftenthecase等。長(zhǎng)難句之定語(yǔ)從句④3.尋找先行詞，判斷屬性（指人還是指物，表示時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，還是原因）。①先行詞指人：that/who/whom/whose；②先行詞指物：that/which/whose；③表示時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)/原因：when/where/why。4.判斷定語(yǔ)從句所缺成分，根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中所缺句子成分及句意，確定關(guān)系詞。①缺少主語(yǔ)：that/which/who；②缺少動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)：that/which/who/whom；③缺少定語(yǔ)：whose；④缺少時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)分別用when、where、why。長(zhǎng)難句之定語(yǔ)從句④1.（2023全國(guó)甲卷）Yet,theformofthefablestillhasvaluestoday,_____RachelCarsonsaysin“AFableforTomorrow”.劃分主從句主