鉛酸電池的原理PrincipleofLead-acidBatteries《儲(chǔ)能技術(shù)概論》《EnergyStorageTechnology》主講教師：Instructor:

常見的鉛酸電池的應(yīng)用CommonApplicationsofLead-acidBatteriesCONTENTS鉛酸電池的發(fā)展DevelopmentofLead-acidBatteries01PART鉛酸電池的組成CompositionofLead-acidBatteries鉛酸電池的工作原理WorkingPrincipleofLead-acidBatteries02PART03PART目錄鉛酸電池的發(fā)展DevelopmentofLead-acidBatteriesPART01一、鉛酸電池的發(fā)展DevelopmentofLead-acidBatteries011859年，法國(guó)物理學(xué)家GastonPlante發(fā)明了第一個(gè)鉛酸蓄電池，標(biāo)志著鉛酸電池的誕生。In1859,FrenchphysicistGastonPlanteinventedthefirstlead-acidbattery,markingthebirthoflead-acidbatteries.021880年，鉛酸電池開始大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)，并逐漸成為通信、電力等領(lǐng)域的主要電源之一。In1880,lead-acidbatteriesbegantobemass-producedandgraduallybecameoneofthemainpowersourcesinfieldssuchascommunicationandelectricity.031970年代，隨著科技的發(fā)展，鉛酸電池逐漸應(yīng)用在汽車、電動(dòng)車等領(lǐng)域。Inthe1970s,withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,lead-acidbatteriesweregraduallyappliedinfieldssuchasautomobilesandelectricvehicles.一、鉛酸電池的發(fā)展DevelopmentofLead-acidBatteries042000年代，鉛酸電池開始大規(guī)模應(yīng)用在風(fēng)能、太陽能等可再生能源領(lǐng)域，成為綠色能源儲(chǔ)存的主要選擇之一。Inthe2000s,lead-acidbatteriesbegantobewidelyusedinrenewableenergyfieldssuchaswindandsolarenergy,becomingoneofthemainchoicesforgreenenergystorage.0521世紀(jì)以來，隨著環(huán)保意識(shí)的提高和政府政策的支持，鉛酸電池產(chǎn)業(yè)得到快速發(fā)展，性能和壽命得到進(jìn)一步提高。Sincethe21stcentury,withtheimprovementofenvironmentalawarenessandthesupportofgovernmentpolicies,thelead-acidbatteryindustryhasdevelopedrapidly,anditsperformanceandlifespanhavebeenfurtherimproved.鉛酸電池的組成CompositionofLead-acidBatteriesPART02二、鉛酸電池的組成CompositionofLead-acidBatteries（一）電極Electrodes正極板柵PositivePlateGrid:通常由鉛碲合金、純鉛或其他合金制成，結(jié)構(gòu)粗壯，以容納和支撐活性物質(zhì)，并傳遞電流。Usuallymadeoflead-telluriumalloy,purelead,orotheralloys,ithasarobuststructuretoholdandsupporttheactivematerialandconductcurrent.負(fù)極板柵NegativePlateGrid:通常由鉛鈣合金制成，結(jié)構(gòu)較細(xì)，以容納和支撐活性物質(zhì)，并傳遞電流。Usuallymadeoflead-calciumalloy,ithasathinnerstructuretoholdandsupporttheactivematerialandconductcurrent.活性物質(zhì)ActiveMaterial通常包括二氧化鉛和鉛等，是電池產(chǎn)生電能的關(guān)鍵部分。在充放電過程中，活性物質(zhì)會(huì)發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)，產(chǎn)生電能。Usuallyincludingleaddioxideandlead,etc.,itisthekeypartforthebatterytogenerateelectricalenergy.Duringthecharginganddischargingprocess,theactivematerialundergoeschemicalreactionstogenerateelectricalenergy.二、鉛酸電池的組成CompositionofLead-acidBatteries（二）電解液Electrolyte鉛酸電池的電解液是稀硫酸溶液。Theelectrolyteofalead-acidbatteryisadilutesulfuricacidsolution.在電池充放電過程中，由于電解和蒸發(fā)，電解液中的水會(huì)逐漸減少，導(dǎo)致電解液液位下降，所以需要及時(shí)補(bǔ)充蒸餾水以防止此現(xiàn)象縮短電池壽命。Duringthecharginganddischargingprocessofthebattery,duetoelectrolysisandevaporation,thewaterintheelectrolytegraduallydecreases,causingtheelectrolyteleveltodrop.Therefore,itisnecessarytoreplenishdistilledwaterinatimelymannertopreventthisfromshorteningthebatterylife.指標(biāo)名稱指標(biāo)(%)(g/L)硫酸含量

SulfuricAcidContent

40~15480~180

1.3~1.1灼燒殘?jiān)縄gnitionResidueContent≤0.020.24鐵含量IronContent≤0.000040.00048砷含量ArsenicContent≤0.000030.00036氯含量

ChlorineContent≤0.00070.0084硝酸鹽含量NitrateContent≤0.00050.0060銅含量CopperContent≤0.0020.024還原高錳酸鉀物質(zhì)(以O(shè)計(jì))≤0.00080.010≤0.00320.038外

觀Appearance

無色、透明鉛酸電池的工作原理WorkingPrincipleofLead-acidBatteriesPART03三、鉛酸電池的工作原理WorkingPrincipleofLead-acidBatteries（一）鉛酸電池的工作原理WorkingPrincipleofLead-acidBatteries傳統(tǒng)鉛酸電池的電極由鉛及其氧化物制成，電解液采用硫酸溶液。Theelectrodesoftraditionallead-acidbatteriesaremadeofleadanditsoxides,andtheelectrolyteisasulfuricacidsolution.電池正極反應(yīng)如下Thepositiveelectrodereactionofthebatteryisasfollows:：

電池負(fù)極反應(yīng)如下Thenegativeelectrodereactionofthebatteryisasfollows：

電池總反應(yīng)如下Theoverallreactionofthebatteryisasfollows:：

鉛酸電池結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖StructureSchematicDiagramofLead-acidBattery三、鉛酸電池的工作原理WorkingPrincipleofLead-acidBatteries（二）鉛酸電池的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofLead-acidBatteries優(yōu)點(diǎn)Advantages:應(yīng)用廣泛，技術(shù)成熟Widelyusedandtechnologicallymature；成本低廉；Lowcost;質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定，可靠性高Stablequalityandhighreliability；維護(hù)簡(jiǎn)單。Easytomaintain.缺點(diǎn)Disadvantages:使用壽命短；Disadvantages:充電時(shí)間長(zhǎng)；Longchargingtime;鉛是重金屬，可能污染。Leadisaheavymetalandmaycausepollution.SUMMARY小結(jié)01鉛酸電池的發(fā)展DevelopmentofLead-acidBatteries