2025年保研統(tǒng)計學(xué)英語面試題庫及答案

一、單項選擇題（總共10題，每題2分）1.Whichofthefollowingisameasureofcentraltendency?A.VarianceB.MedianC.StandardDeviationD.Correlation2.Inanormaldistribution,whatpercentageofdatafallswithinonestandarddeviationofthemean?A.68%B.95%C.99.7%D.50%3.Whatistheprimarypurposeofhypothesistesting?A.TopredictfutureoutcomesB.TodescribedataC.TomakeinferencesaboutapopulationD.Tosummarizedata4.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofacategoricalvariable?A.HeightB.WeightC.AgeD.Gender5.Whatisthedifferencebetweenapopulationandasample?A.ApopulationisasubsetofasampleB.AsampleisasubsetofapopulationC.ApopulationisalwayslargerthanasampleD.Thereisnodifference6.Whatisthemodeusedforinstatistics?A.TofindtheaverageB.TofindthemiddlevalueC.TofindthemostfrequentvalueD.Tofindtherange7.Whatisthepurposeofacontrolgroupinanexperiment?A.TomeasuretheeffectoftheindependentvariableB.ToprovideabaselineforcomparisonC.ToensuretheexperimentisvalidD.Toincreasethesamplesize8.Whatistherangeofacorrelationcoefficient?A.-1to1B.0to1C.-infinitytoinfinityD.1to109.Whatistheprimarypurposeofregressionanalysis?A.TodescribetherelationshipbetweenvariablesB.TopredictfutureoutcomesC.TotesthypothesesD.Tosummarizedata10.Whatisthedifferencebetweendescriptiveandinferentialstatistics?A.Descriptivestatisticsdescribedata,whileinferentialstatisticsmakeinferencesaboutapopulationB.Descriptivestatisticsareusedforexperiments,whileinferentialstatisticsareusedforsurveysC.Descriptivestatisticsaremoreaccurate,whileinferentialstatisticsarelessaccurateD.Thereisnodifference二、填空題（總共10題，每題2分）1.Themeasureofcentraltendencythatrepresentsthemiddlevalueinasortedlistofnumbersiscalledthe_______.2.Theprocessoforganizing,summarizing,andinterpretingdataisknownas_______.3.Atypeofgraphthatusesbarstorepresentthefrequencyofdifferentcategoriesiscalleda_______.4.Themeasureofhowspreadoutthedataisinadatasetiscalledthe_______.5.Thenullhypothesisistypicallydenotedby_______.6.Astatisticaltestusedtodetermineifthereisasignificantdifferencebetweenthemeansoftwogroupsiscalleda_______.7.Theprobabilityofobtainingaresultasextremeas,ormoreextremethan,theobservedresult,assumingthenullhypothesisistrue,iscalledthe_______.8.Atypeofstudythatinvolvescollectingdatafromasampletomakeinferencesaboutalargerpopulationiscalleda_______.9.Therelationshipbetweentwovariablesthatcanbemeasuredonanumericalscaleiscalleda_______.10.Theprocessoftransformingrawdataintoamoreusefulandunderstandableformatiscalled_______.三、判斷題（總共10題，每題2分）1.Themeanisalwaysequaltothemedianinanormaldistribution.2.Acorrelationcoefficientof0indicatesnorelationshipbetweentwovariables.3.Thestandarddeviationisalwaysgreaterthanthevariance.4.Asamplesurveyisatypeofobservationalstudy.5.Thep-valueistheprobabilitythatthenullhypothesisistrue.6.Achi-squaretestisusedtodetermineifthereisasignificantassociationbetweentwocategoricalvariables.7.Themodecanbeusedtofindthecentraltendencyofadataset.8.Acontrolgroupisalwaysnecessaryinanexperiment.9.Therangeofacorrelationcoefficientisfrom0to1.10.Descriptivestatisticsareusedtomakeinferencesaboutapopulation.四、簡答題（總共4題，每題5分）1.Explainthedifferencebetweenapopulationandasampleinthecontextofstatistics.2.Describethepurposeofhypothesistestingandprovideanexampleofhowitisused.3.Whatistheimportanceofacontrolgroupinanexperiment,andhowdoesithelpindrawingconclusions?4.Explaintheconceptofcorrelationanditslimitationsinunderstandingtherelationshipbetweentwovariables.五、討論題（總共4題，每題5分）1.Discusstheimportanceofrandomsamplinginsurveysandexperiments,andexplainhowithelpstoensurethevalidityoftheresults.2.Describetheroleofdescriptivestatisticsinsummarizingandinterpretingdata,andprovideanexampleofhowtheyareusedinreal-worldscenarios.3.Discussthelimitationsofcorrelationandwhyitshouldnotbeusedtoinfercausationbetweentwovariables.4.Explaintheconceptofregressionanalysisanditsapplicationsinpredictingfutureoutcomes.Discusstheassumptionsandlimitationsofregressionmodels.答案和解析一、單項選擇題答案1.B2.A3.C4.D5.B6.C7.B8.A9.B10.A二、填空題答案1.median2.statistics3.barchart4.variance5.H06.t-test7.p-value8.inferentialstudy9.correlation10.datatransformation三、判斷題答案1.False2.False3.True4.True5.False6.True7.True8.True9.False10.False四、簡答題答案1.Apopulationreferstotheentiregroupofindividualsoritemsthatareofinterestinastatisticalstudy,whileasampleisasubsetofthepopulationthatisselectedforanalysis.Asampleisusedtomakeinferencesaboutthepopulationbecauseitisoftenimpracticalorimpossibletostudytheentirepopulation.2.Hypothesistestingisastatisticalmethodusedtomakeinferencesaboutapopulationbasedonsampledata.Itinvolvesformulatinganullhypothesisandanalternativehypothesis,collectingandanalyzingdata,andthenmakingadecisiontoeitherrejectorfailtorejectthenullhypothesis.Forexample,aresearchermightusehypothesistestingtodetermineifanewdrugismoreeffectivethanaplacebo.3.Acontrolgroupinanexperimentisagroupthatdoesnotreceivetheexperimentaltreatmentandisusedasabaselineforcomparison.Theimportanceofacontrolgroupisthatithelpstoisolatetheeffectoftheindependentvariablebyprovidingareferencepoint.Bycomparingtheoutcomesoftheexperimentalgrouptothecontrolgroup,researcherscandetermineiftheobservedeffectsareduetothetreatmentorduetootherfactors.4.Correlationisastatisticalmeasurethatdescribesthestrengthanddirectionoftherelationshipbetweentwovariables.Itisdenotedbythecorrelationcoefficient,whichrangesfrom-1to1.Apositivecorrelationindicatesthatasonevariableincreases,theothervariabletendstoincreaseaswell,whileanegativecorrelationindicatesthatasonevariableincreases,theothervariabletendstodecrease.However,correlationdoesnotimplycausation,meaningthateveniftwovariablesarecorrelated,itdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatonevariablecausestheother.五、討論題答案1.Randomsamplingisimportantinsurveysandexperimentsbecauseithelpstoensurethatthesampleisrepresentativeofthepopulation.Byselectingindividualsoritemsrandomly,researcherscanminimizebiasandincreasethegeneralizabilityoftheresults.Randomsamplinghelpstoensurethateachmemberofthepopulationhasanequalchanceofbeingincludedinthesample,whichmakesthesamplemorelikelytoreflectthecharacteristicsofthepopulation.2.Descriptivestatisticsareusedtosummarizeandinterpretdatabyprovidingmeasuresofcentraltendency,variability,anddistribution.Theyhelptoorganizeandpresentdatainameaningfulway,makingiteasiertounderstandandcommunicate.Forexample,descriptivestatisticsareusedinbusinesstosummarizesalesdata,inhealthcaretosummarizepatientoutcomes,andineducationtosummarizetestscores.3.Thelimitationsofcorrelationincludethefactthatitonlymeasuresthestrengthanddirectionofalinearrelationshipbetweentwovariables,anditdoesnotimplycausation.Correlationdoesnottakeintoaccountotherfactorsthatmight