高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法并列句專(zhuān)項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)：結(jié)構(gòu)、類(lèi)型與應(yīng)試策略一、并列句的核心認(rèn)知并列句由并列連詞連接兩個(gè)或多個(gè)獨(dú)立分句（語(yǔ)法功能平等的簡(jiǎn)單句）構(gòu)成，分句間通過(guò)連詞體現(xiàn)“并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、選擇、因果”等邏輯關(guān)系。每個(gè)分句都有完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，例如：*Ilikereading,andmysisterenjoyspainting.*（兩個(gè)分句地位平等，由`and`連接表并列關(guān)系）二、并列連詞的分類(lèi)與深度解析（一）并列關(guān)系連詞核心連詞：`and`、`notonly...butalso...`、`both...and...`、`aswellas`等。`and`：表順承、遞進(jìn)或因果（“這樣就/于是”）。例：Hestudiedhard,andhepassedtheexam.（順承）；Runquickly,andyou’llcatchthebus.（因果）`notonly...butalso...`：表“不但…而且…”，連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞遵循“就近原則”；連接分句時(shí)，`notonly`置于句首需倒裝。例：Notonlydoesshesingwell,butshealsodancesbeautifully.（前分句倒裝）（二）轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系連詞核心連詞：`but`、`yet`、`while`、`however`（注意：`however`是副詞，需用逗號(hào)與分句隔開(kāi)）。`but`：表直接轉(zhuǎn)折，語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)。例：Iwantedtogoout,butitrainedheavily.`while`：表“對(duì)比轉(zhuǎn)折”（“然而”），強(qiáng)調(diào)前后分句的對(duì)比。例：Somepeoplewastefood,whileothersdon’thaveenough.`yet`：可作連詞（表轉(zhuǎn)折，=`but`）或副詞（表“還/仍”）。例：Heisyoung,yetheisveryexperienced.（連詞，轉(zhuǎn)折）；Ihaven’tfinishedityet.（副詞，“還”）（三）選擇關(guān)系連詞核心連詞：`or`、`either...or...`、`neither...nor...`。`or`：表“選擇”（“或者/否則”）。例：Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.（“否則”，表后果）；Wouldyouliketeaorcoffee?（“或者”，表選擇）`either...or.../neither...nor...`：連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞遵循“就近原則”。例：Eitheryouorheiswrong.（謂語(yǔ)與`he`一致）；Neithertheteachernorthestudentsknowit.（謂語(yǔ)與`students`一致）（四）因果關(guān)系連詞核心連詞：`for`、`so`。`for`：表“補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的原因”（語(yǔ)氣弱，不可置于句首），需用逗號(hào)與前分句隔開(kāi)。例：Hemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.（補(bǔ)充原因，非直接因果）`so`：表“結(jié)果”（“所以”），不可與`because`連用（“因果重復(fù)”）。例：Itwasrainingheavily,sowestayedathome.三、高考真題考點(diǎn)拆解（一）邏輯關(guān)系判斷真題示例：*Wethoughtthefigureswerecorrect;______,wehavenowdiscoveredsomeerrors.*（2022·全國(guó)卷改編）選項(xiàng)：A.howeverB.thereforeC.meanwhileD.otherwise解析：前分句“認(rèn)為數(shù)據(jù)正確”，后分句“發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤”，邏輯為轉(zhuǎn)折。`however`（副詞，表轉(zhuǎn)折）符合；`therefore`（因果）、`meanwhile`（同時(shí)）、`otherwise`（否則）邏輯不符。答案：A。（二）特殊結(jié)構(gòu)運(yùn)用真題示例：*Notonly______interestedinfootballbut______beginningtoshowaninterestinit.*（2021·浙江卷改編）選項(xiàng)：A.theteacherwas;thestudentswereB.wastheteacher;thestudentswereC.wastheteacher;werethestudentsD.theteacherwas;werethestudents解析：`notonly`置于句首，前分句需倒裝，后分句正常。因此前空用“`wastheteacher`”，后空用“`thestudentswere`”。答案：B。（三）連詞搭配禁忌真題陷阱：*Thoughheisyoung,______heworksveryhard.*（錯(cuò)誤句子）解析：`though/although`與`but`不可同時(shí)使用（二者都表轉(zhuǎn)折，功能重復(fù)）。應(yīng)改為：*Thoughheisyoung,heworksveryhard.*或*Heisyoung,butheworksveryhard.*四、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)突破與應(yīng)試策略（一）易混連詞辨析1.`but`vs.`while`：`but`表“直接轉(zhuǎn)折”，`while`表“對(duì)比轉(zhuǎn)折”。例：Ilikepopmusic,butmyparentspreferclassicalmusic.（直接轉(zhuǎn)折）；Iambusy,whilemybrotherisfree.（對(duì)比轉(zhuǎn)折）2.`for`vs.`because`：`for`表“補(bǔ)充原因”（非直接因果，語(yǔ)氣弱），`because`表“直接因果”（語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)，可回答`why`）。（二）解題三步走1.分析邏輯：判斷分句間是“并列/轉(zhuǎn)折/選擇/因果”哪種關(guān)系。2.匹配連詞：根據(jù)邏輯選對(duì)應(yīng)連詞（如轉(zhuǎn)折選`but/while/however`）。3.檢查結(jié)構(gòu)：確認(rèn)連詞搭配（如`notonly...butalso...`的倒裝、主謂一致）和禁忌（如`though`不與`but`連用）。五、實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練與答案解析（一）單句填空1.Iwantedtobuythebook,______Ididn’thaveenoughmoney.（邏輯：轉(zhuǎn)折→填`but`）2.______you______yourbrothercangototheparty—oneofyoumuststayathome.（邏輯：選擇→填`Either;or`）3.HeisgoodatEnglish,______heoftenhelpsmewithmystudy.（邏輯：因果→填`so`）（二）改錯(cuò)1.*Thoughitwaslate,butwecontinuedworking.*（錯(cuò)誤：`though`與`but`連用→刪去`but`）2.*Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherwerelate.*（錯(cuò)誤：主謂一致→`were`改為`was`）（三）真題改編*______thejobisdifficult,______I’mdeterminedtofinishitontime.*（邏輯：轉(zhuǎn)折，且避免`though`與`but`連用→填`Though;/`或`/;