第2講利用外在線索,巧解七選五閱讀高考總復習優(yōu)化設(shè)計GAOKAOZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI2025技法1重視明顯的語篇標志技法2利用標點符號目錄索引0102技法1重視明顯的語篇標志類型1

行文標志(1)關(guān)注小標題若是針對段落小標題設(shè)空,其呈現(xiàn)形式應和其他小標題相同。因此,考生做題時應觀察其他段落標題的句式結(jié)構(gòu),然后根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)相同的原則,縮小范圍,選擇短小精悍、多為名詞詞組、動詞-ing形式的短語或祈使句作為小標題。[典例](2023全國甲卷)?

39

Somanyofushavethebeliefthatbeingcomfortableistheonlystatewewilltolerate,andwhenweexperiencesomethingoutsideofourcomfortzone,wegetimpatientaboutthecircumstances.Youshouldlearntosaytoyourself,“40.Thisismerelyuncomfortable,notintolerable.”You’llthengraduallybecomemorepatient.

A.FindyourcausesB.StartwithsmalltasksC.Accepttheuncomfortable分析

本題考查對段落小標題的選擇。根據(jù)下文“when

we

experience

something

outside

of

our

comfort

zone”可知,本段主要圍繞如何在不舒服的情況下培養(yǎng)耐心展開。[自主解答]

C(2)留意主旨句七選五所選文章通常是“總—分(—總)”結(jié)構(gòu),偶爾是“總—分—分”結(jié)構(gòu),把握住這個規(guī)律后,在“總—分”結(jié)構(gòu)的文章中,觀察每一部分(段落)的結(jié)構(gòu),如果每一部分(段落)都有主旨句引領(lǐng),這些主旨句往往句式相同,并且前面往往有實心圓點。如果設(shè)空處恰好處于段落主旨句的位置,則該處應為段落主旨句,然后根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容做出選擇。[典例](2024全國甲卷)

40

Ahealthybreakfastcanstartyourmetabolism(新陳代謝),whileeatingsmall,healthymealskeepsyourenergyupallday.Avoideatinglateatnight.Trytoeatdinnerearlierandfastfor14-16hoursuntilbreakfastthenextmorning.Studiessuggestthateatingonlywhenyou’remostactiveandgivingyourdigestivesystemalongbreakeachdaymayhelptoregulateweight.

A.Eatproperlythroughouttheday.C.Don’tswallowamealonthewaytowork.E.Instead,surroundyourselfwithhealthychoices.分析

本題考查對段落主旨句的選擇。

[自主解答]

A(3)觀察首段末尾處在“總—分”結(jié)構(gòu)的文章中,首段的末尾句往往起到總起作用,引領(lǐng)下文。所選答案的語句通常為:“Followingistheadviceonhowto...”“Hereareafewtipsto...”“Thefollowingstepsmayhelpyou...”,而下文正是這些advice,tips,steps的具體內(nèi)容。[典例](2020新高考Ⅱ卷)Talkingfreelywithyourdoctorcanmakeyoufeelbetterandgiveyourdoctortheinformationsheorheneedstogiveyouthebestcare.Don’tbeafraidorembarrassedtodiscusssomethingthatisbotheringyou.

36

·Stay

positive.Gotoyourdoctor’sofficewithagoodattitude.37.Remember,yourdoctorandothercaregiversareonyourside.Thinkteamwork!Thinkpositive!

A.Thiswillmakegettinganswerseasier.B.Herearesometipsfortalkingwithyourdoctor.C.Youcantalktoanotherdoctorifthetreatmentsdon’twork.分析

本文主要講述了與醫(yī)生高效交流的幾種方法——保持積極心態(tài)、跟蹤記錄個人感受、攜帶病歷、提問題。和醫(yī)生自由地交談可使你感覺良好,并讓醫(yī)生了解你的信息,從而給你最好的治療。不要因談?wù)摾_你的問題而感到害怕或?qū)擂?而下文是具體的做法,正確選項應該起到承上啟下的作用。[自主解答]

B類型2

句式結(jié)構(gòu)[典例](2023全國乙卷)Indoorplantsmightlookasiftheyjustsitaroundnotdoingmuch,butinmanywaystheyaretheunsungheroesofthehome.

36

,butstudieshaveshownthattheycanpromotepeople’swellbeingbyimprovingtheirmood(心情),reducingstressandhelpingtheirmemory.What’smore,indoorplantsareeasytolookafterandarenotveryexpensive.

A.AllplantsaredifferentB.Notonlydotheylookbeautiful分析

空格前一句提到室內(nèi)植物在許多方面是家里的無名英雄,下文應對此做進一步解釋,選項B“它們不僅看起來漂亮”符合語境,且與空后的but構(gòu)成not

only...but

(also)...固定句型。[自主解答]

B類型3

語言標志語言標志指some...others...stillothers...(一些……一些……還有一些……)等。[典例](2016全國Ⅱ卷)Somepeoplemaythinkthatagardenisnomorethanplants,flowers,patternsandmassesofcolor.Othersareconcernedaboutusinggardeningmethodsthatrequirelesswaterandfewerfertilizers(肥料).

38

.However,thereareanumberofotherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden.Oneofthemcomesfromourearliestyears.

D.It’sdelightfultoseesomanybeautifulflowersE.Stillothersmaysimplyenjoybeingoutdoorsandclosetoplants分析

由本段中的語言標志詞Some...Others...可知應該選以Still

others開頭的選項。[自主解答]

E技法2利用標點符號類型1

空后是逗號(1)當設(shè)空處后面是逗號,且后面的句子是由從屬連詞引導的狀語從句時,則設(shè)空處為主句。[典例](2021全國乙卷)AccordingtoJessicaHagy,authorofHow

to

Be

Interesting,it’snotdifficulttomakeyourselfinterestingatadinnerparty.

36

,ifyou’reoutofyourcomfortzoneorifyou’rewanderingintosomebody’shouseforthefirsttime.Sothemainthingisjusttoshowupandbeadventurous,tryingdifferentfoodsandtalkingtostrangers.

B.ThefirststepistogoexploringD.BepreparedtohaveawkwardconversationswithstrangersG.Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost分析

根據(jù)空后的句子“if

you’re

out

of

your

comfort

zone

or

if

you’re

wandering

into

somebody’s

house

for

the

first

time”是由if引導的條件狀語從句可知,此空應該填入一個主句;再由下文“be

adventurous,trying

different

foods

and

talking

to

strangers”可知,本段告訴讀者在晚宴上要勇于嘗試,故B項“第一步是去探索”符合語境。[自主解答]

B(2)當設(shè)空處后面是逗號,且后面的句子沒有連詞引導,則設(shè)空處多為狀語從句。[典例](2021全國乙卷)Peoplelovetotalkaboutthemselves.Ifyoucanstarttheconversationwithaquestionotherthan“Whatdoyoudoforaliving?”,you’llbeabletogetalotmoreinterestingconversationoutofwhomeveritisyou’retalkingto.

37

,itcanbringin“Ihavethisold,broken-downvehicle”or“Irodethebuswiththesecrazypeoplewhowerelaughingatsillyjokesintheback.”Itjustopensupconversation.

C.Ifyouaskthequestion“Howdidyougethere?”E.Orturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosay分析

根據(jù)空后的標點符號和標點符號后的句子可推知,此空應該填入一個從句;再根據(jù)“‘I

have

this

old,broken-down

vehicle’or‘I

rode

the

bus

with

these

crazy

people

who

were

laughing

at

silly

jokes

in

the

back.’”可知,空處內(nèi)容與交通方式有關(guān)。故C選項符合語境。[自主解答]

C類型2

空后是句號當設(shè)空處后面是句號時,考生要根據(jù)段落主題和前后句之間的邏輯關(guān)系來解題。[典例](2021全國乙卷)Andwhataboutthatotherdinner-partykiller:awkwardsilence?Ifyou’refacedwithanawkwardsilenceatadinnerparty,theonlythingthatalwaysgetseveryonetalkingagainistogivethehostacompliment(贊揚).

40

.Justquicklyturnaroundandsay,“Thiscakeisextremelydeliciousandyouhavetotellmeallaboutit.”

D.BepreparedtohaveawkwardconversationswithstrangersG.Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost分析

本段第一句為段落主題句,意為“如何應對另一個宴會殺手:尷尬的沉默?”,下文給出方法應對宴會殺手——尷尬的沉默的唯一方法就是贊揚主人,故G項“他或她是最能感受到這種尷尬的人”符合語境,與前面的句子構(gòu)成前果后因的關(guān)系。[自主解答]

G類型3

空后是破折號當設(shè)空處后面是破折號時,考生要根據(jù)破折號后面的內(nèi)容來確定答案,因為它是對前面內(nèi)容的解釋和說明。[典例](2016全國Ⅱ卷)?Recall(回憶)yourchildhoodmemoriesOurmodelofwhatagardenshouldbeoftengoesbacktochildhood.Grandma’srosegardenandDad’svegetablegardenmightbegoodorbad,butthat’snotwhat’simportant.

39

—howbeinginthosegardensmadeusfeel.Ifyou’dliketobuildapowerfulbondwithyourgarden,startbytakingsometimetorecallthegardensofyouryouth.Foreachofthosegardens,writedownthestrongestmemoryyouhave.Thengooutsideandworkoutaplantotranslateyourchildhoodmemoriesintoyourgrown-upgarden.Havefun.

C.It’sourexperienceofthegardenthatmattersD.It’sdelightfultoseesomanybeautifulflowers分析

根據(jù)空前的“but

that’s

not

what’s

important”可知,空處應講重要的是什么;再根據(jù)破折號后面的內(nèi)容“how

being

in

those

gardens

made

us

feel”可知,空處內(nèi)容應該是對“我們”的關(guān)于花園的體驗的解釋,故C項“是我們關(guān)于花園的體驗很重要”符合語境。[自主解答]

C類型4

空后是問號當設(shè)空處后面是問號時,考生要根據(jù)后面對這個問題的回答來確定設(shè)空處問的是什么。[典例](2021全國乙卷)

38

?Ifyoucan’ttaketheirwineaway,youshouldcertainlytrytotakeawaytheirsoapbox(講臺).Ifyou’rethehost,youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjustremovethemfromthesituation.Orturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosay.

A.HowdoyouknowthehostF.Whataboutthatpersonwhohashadtoomuchtodrinkorwon’tstoptalking分析

根據(jù)空后的標點符號可知,此空應該填入一個問句,選項中只有A項和F項是問句;再根據(jù)空后“If

you

can’t

take

their

wine

away”中的“wine”可知,F項中的“has

had

too

much

to

drink”與之屬于同一范疇的表達,因此F項“對于喝多了或者不停說話的人該怎么辦”符合語境。[自主解答]

F課堂應用Passage

1(2023新課標Ⅱ卷)Asanartistwhosharesherjourneyonsocialmedia,I’moftenaskedbycuriousfollowershowtobeginanartjourney.Unfortunately,thereisnomagiclistIcanoffer.Idoremember,though,whatitwasliketobeacompletebeginner.SoI’veputtogethersomegoodtipsforstartinganartjourney.?Startsmall.Isuggestusingasketchbook(素描本)forsmallstudies.Thesesmallstudiesprovideinspirationandmaybeaspringboardformorecomplexworksinthefuture.

1

You’llwanttolookbackonyourjourneytoseehowfaryou’vecome.

?Paintoftenandpaintfromlife.There’snobetterwaytoimprovethantoputinthosebrushmiles.Whetheryoupaintstilllifes,portraits,orlandscapes,paintfromlifeasmuchaspossible.

2

?Continuallychallengeyourselftotrysomethingnew.

3

Artisticgrowthcanbeabitpainful.Welcometotheclub;we’veallbeenthere.Ilovetakingonchallenges.Ioncetookupachallengetocreateapaintingeverydayforamonthandposttheworksonline.

?

4

Seekingandacceptingconstructivefeedback(反饋)iscrucialtogrowth.Ipostmyworkonsocialmediaand,inturn,havemetsomeofthekindestpeople.Theymakemefeelvaluedandrespected,nomattermylevelofartisticability.

Thejourneyyou’reonwon’tfollowastraightpath.

5

Pushthrough,giveittimeandputintheeffort.Youwillharvesttherewardsofanartisticlife.A.Getoutofyourcomfortzone.B.Makecareerplansandsetgoals.C.Don’tthrowawayyourbeginnerart.D.Shareyourworkifyoufeelcomfortabledoingso.E.You’llhitroadblocks,andyou’llfeeldiscouragedattimes.F.Evaluateyourperformanceand,ifneeded,redefineyourrole.G.You’lldevelopthatpaintingmusclememorythatonlycomeswithrepetition.答案與解析

【語篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。作者針對如何開始藝術(shù)之旅,提出了四條有用的建議。1.C

本句是過渡句。根據(jù)上文“Start

small.I

suggest

using

a

sketchbook

(素描本)

for

small

studies.(從小事開始。我建議使用一個素描本進行小規(guī)模的學習。)”以及下文“You’ll

want

to

look

back

on

your

journey

to

see

how

far

you’ve

come.(你會想要回顧一下自己的藝術(shù)之旅,看看自己已經(jīng)取得多少進步。)”可知,空處應是一個過渡句,C項“Don’t

throw

away

your

beginner

art.”可承上啟下。2.G

本句是總結(jié)句。根據(jù)本段主題句“Paint

often

and

paint

from

life.”中的often以及設(shè)空前一句“Whether

you

paint

still

lifes,portraits,or

landscapes,paint

from

life

as

much

as

possible.”中的as

much

as

possible可知,這與G項中的repetition相呼應。3.A

本句是細節(jié)句。根據(jù)本段第一句“Continually

challenge

yourself

to

try

something

new.”可知,A項“Get

out

of

your

comfort

zone.(跳出舒適區(qū)。)”與之相一致。4.D

本句是主題句。根據(jù)設(shè)空后的“Seeking

and

accepting

constructive

feedback(反饋)

is

crucial

to

growth.”可知,D項“Share

your

work

if

you

feel

comfortable

doing

so.(如果你感覺這么做舒服,你就分享你的作品。)”與空后的feedback相吻合。5.E

本句是細節(jié)句。根據(jù)本段第一句“The

journey

you’re

on

won’t

follow

a

straight

path.(你的藝術(shù)之旅不會一帆風順。)”可知,E項“You’ll

hit

roadblocks,and

you’ll

feel

discouraged

at

times.(你會遇到路障,并且有時會感到氣餒。)”可承接上文。Passage

2(2021八省聯(lián)考)Apps(shortforapplications)arebecomingincreasinglypopularnowadays,andforgoodreason.Theycanhelpyououtinjustabouteveryareaofyourlife,whetherit’skeepingfit,communicatingwithfriends,orevenlearningalanguage.

6

Here’swhatyoushouldthinkaboutbeforedownloadinganappforlanguagelearning.

·Learn

from

diverse

sources(not

just

apps)Anyseasonedlanguagelearnerwilltellyouthatthebeautyofmasteringaforeignlanguageistheworldwhichitopensuptoyou.Thisisaworldofdiversesources(來源)ofinformation,fromnewspapersandbookstoTV,radio,musicandevenrealpeople.Wouldyoulimityourselftoonemediuminyournativelanguage?

7

·Establish

your

purpose

and

plan

your

habitsDoyouwanttobefluentinweeksorareyouinitforthebraintraining?Thegoodappsaredesignedtohelpyoufityourstudiesaroundyourtimetable.

8

Theseappsencouragehabitbuilding,becausethesuccessfulformationofahabitensuresyoursafeandregularreturn.

·Make

it

social

9

Imeansocialforreal.IowethespeedofprogressImadeinItaliantothesupportfromJim,mypartnerinstudytime.Findafriendtoaccompanyyou.Takeaneveningclass.Borrowabook.Buyabook.Bookaweekawayandattendalanguageschool.Justdon’tforgetyourphone!

IfImayspeaksincerely,thecombinationofapp,languageschool,Jim,eveningsout,andachoicebookort