高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1河北省滄州市運(yùn)東六校2025-2026學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期11月期中英語(yǔ)試題第一部分聽力(略)第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AUNESCO’sWorldHeritageListhasbeenupdatedfor2024,andEurope’snewestlistings,someofEurope’slesser-knownyetculturallysignificantsites,arewellworthexploring.ViaAppia,ItalyAlsoknownas“theQueenofroads”,this500-milestretchistheoldestRomanroad.ItconnectstheItaliancapitaltoSouthernItaly’sseaportsandspeedsthegrowthanddevelopmentofnewsettlementswhiledrivingagriculturalproductionandtrade.Journeyingupthisroadisatransportationthroughtime,withtheoriginalpavingstonesremindingusofItaly’soldtimes.SchwerinResidenceEnsemble(建筑群),GermanyApicture-perfectimageoftraditionalGermanarchitecturesurroundedbyLakeSchwerin,thisculturalensemblecomprises38ofSchwerin’smoststrikinglandscapesandarchitecture.ThearchitectureofSchwerincapturestheessenceof19th-centuryGermanywithitspublicgardensandculturalbuildingstiedtogetherbythegrandSchwerinCastle.TheFlowCountry,ScotlandInScotlandliesoneoftheworld’smostuntouchedblanketbog(沼澤)landscapes.Witharound500,000acresofbogpoolsandancientplants,TheFlowCountryisoneoftheworld’sbiggestcarbonstores,crucialinthefightagainstclimatechange.Onfootishowyoucanexperiencethedramaticviewsofthislesser-knownlandscapeanddiversewildlifespeciesclosely.MoravianChurchSettlements,GermanyandUKGracehillwasavillageinNorthernIrelandfoundedbytheMoraviansin1759.GuidedtoursofGracehillOldSchoolandtheMoravianChurchoffervisualinsightsintotraditional,Moravianarchitecture.InGermany,thelivingMoravianheritagecanbefeltinthemuseumsandchurchhallsofHerrnhut,thebirthplaceoftheMoravianChurch.1.WhatcanoneexpecttodofromthetravelalongViaAppia?A.Takeabustosouthernseaports. B.AdmiresomeGermanbuildings.C.ExperiencetheancientpastofItaly. D.HavealookatMoravianarchitecture.2.Whichsitecanonegotowatchthewildlife?A.ViaAppia. B.TheFlowCountry.C.SchwerinResidenceEnsemble. D.MoravianChurchSettlements.3.Whatdothefoursiteshaveincommon?A.Theyarelocatedinthesamecountry.B.Theyarenotmuchknowntotheoutside.C.Theyaremeantfornature-lovingtravelers.D.TheyhavelongbeenontheWorldHeritageList.【答案】1.C2.B3.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹2024年被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織列入世界文化遺產(chǎn)名錄的歐洲的四個(gè)景點(diǎn)，分別是意大利的亞壁古道、德國(guó)的施未林建筑群、蘇格蘭的弗羅濕地區(qū)，以及德國(guó)與英國(guó)的摩拉維亞居留區(qū)。【1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由ViaAppia,Italy中“Journeyingupthisroadisatransportationthroughtime,withtheoriginalpavingstonesremindingusofItaly’soldtimes.(沿著這條路走是一種穿越時(shí)間的旅行，原來(lái)的鋪路石讓我們想起了意大利的舊時(shí)代。)”可知，意大利的亞壁石道是最古老的羅馬時(shí)代的道路，走在這條路上會(huì)讓人感覺時(shí)光倒流，能回顧意大利的歷史。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheFlowCountry,Scotland中“Onfootishowyoucanexperiencethedramaticviewsofthislesser-knownlandscapeanddiversewildlifespeciesclosely.(步行是您如何近距離體驗(yàn)這片鮮為人知的景觀和各種野生動(dòng)物物種的壯麗景色。)”可知，在蘇格蘭的弗羅濕地區(qū)步行游覽，人們可以近距離感受到野生生物。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“UNESCO’sWorldHeritageListhasbeenupdatedfor2024,andEurope’snewestlistings,someofEurope’slesser-knownyetculturallysignificantsites,arewellworthexploring.(聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織的《世界遺產(chǎn)名錄》已于2024年更新，歐洲最新的名錄，一些歐洲鮮為人知但具有文化意義的遺址，非常值得探索。)”可知，本文介紹的是歐洲四個(gè)在2024年被列入世界文化遺產(chǎn)名錄的景點(diǎn)，它們都不太被外人所知。故選B項(xiàng)。BVisionaryarchitectsdesignbuildingswhichspeakforthemselves.Fromtoweringconcretepillarstosculpturalmodernistdomes(穹頂),theworkofBalkrishnaVithaldasDoshidefinedIndianarchitectureforthelatterhalfofthe20thcentury.KnownasB.V.Doshi,hewasaversatilemodernistarchitect—hedesignedeverythingfromaccessiblehousingprojectstotheIndianInstituteofManagementinBangalore.Sadly,thegreatarchitectdiedonJanuary24,2023,attheageof95,leavingbehindafascinatinglegacy.BornonAugust26,1927,inPune,southeastofMumbai,Doshigrewupwithhisfatherandgrandfather,afurnituremaker.Asachildhecametoappreciatehowtheirhousegrewandchanged.In1947,shortlybeforeIndianindependence,hebeganarchitectureschool.However,heneverfinished,afactwhichhe’dlaterpointtoinlifeasanadvantage.HemarriedhiswifeKamalaParikhin1955.Whenshepassedaway,Doshilivedinahousehedesignedandnamedforhisbelovedwife.DoshiwasinfluencedbythefamousSwiss-FrencharchitectknownasLeCorbusier.DoshistudiedwithhiminParisandthenreturnedtoIndiatosupervisethearchitect’sworkinAhmedabad.In1956,DoshifoundedhisownfirmcalledVastushilpa.Hetraveledtheworldlecturingatuniversities,workedwithotherfamousarchitects,andevenfoundedtheCenterforEnvironmentalPlanningandTechnology(nowCEPTUniversity)focusingonunderstanding,designing,planning,constructingandmanaginghumanhabitats.“Wedidnotwanttoimitatesomeoneelse’sapproach,”hetoldtheLouisianaMuseumofModernArtin2018.“Wewantedtofindourownidentity.”HedrewfromhisprideinIndianculturetocreateastyledistinctfromWesterndesigns.“Ithinkofmybuildingsasmyfriends,myfamily,”hesaid.“Ihaveaconversationwiththem,andthat’showIcreatenichesandstaircasesandopeningsandgardens…mybuildingsarenotonlypureandclearbutdesignedtoanticipatechanges.”Asidefromhismodernworks,Doshiwasdevotedtocreatingworkstobenefitthepoor.HedesignedtheAranyaLowCostHousingProjectinIndore.ThephotographerIwanBaan,whophotographedsomeofDoshi’sworks,describedtheartistas“themostapproachablearchitectIknow.Evenverypoorpeopleinhispublichousingprojectsknewhim,whichisexceptional.”4.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“versatile”inparagraph1?A.Well-rounded. B.Long-lived. C.Responsible. D.Popular.5.WhatdoweknowaboutDoshi’slife?A.Hehadamiserablechildhood.B.Heregrettedleavingschoolearly.C.Hemadeacontributiontohighereducationinarchitecture.D.HesetuphiscompanyundertheguidanceofLeCorbusier.6.WhatdoestheauthorwanttoillustratebyquotingDoshi’swords?A.Doshi’signoranceofWesterndesigns. B.TheoriginalityofDoshi’sworks.C.TheuniquenessofIndianarchitecture. D.Doshi’sloveforarchitecturaldesign.7.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.TopraisedDoshiforhiskindness.B.ToadvertiseDoshi’sarchitecturalphilosophy.C.TodescribethesourceofIndia’sarchitecture.D.TogiveabriefaccountofIndia’sgreatarchitectDoshi.【答案】4.A5.C6.B7.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章簡(jiǎn)要介紹了印度現(xiàn)代主義建筑師B.V.Doshi的生平、職業(yè)生涯及其建筑理念，強(qiáng)調(diào)他融合印度文化與社會(huì)關(guān)懷的原創(chuàng)設(shè)計(jì)，以及他對(duì)建筑教育的貢獻(xiàn)?！?題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞后的“hedesignedeverythingfromaccessiblehousingprojectstotheIndianInstituteofManagementinBangalore(他設(shè)計(jì)的作品涵蓋了從經(jīng)濟(jì)適用住房項(xiàng)目到班加羅爾印度管理學(xué)院的各類建筑)”可知，Doshi的設(shè)計(jì)范圍廣泛，涵蓋不同領(lǐng)域，所以他是全能的現(xiàn)代主義建筑師。由此可知，畫線詞可與A項(xiàng)Well-rounded“全能的，全面的”互換。故選A項(xiàng)。【5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Hetraveledtheworldlecturingatuniversities,workedwithotherfamousarchitects,andevenfoundedtheCenterforEnvironmentalPlanningandTechnology(nowCEPTUniversity)focusingonunderstanding,designing,planning,constructingandmanaginghumanhabitats.(他走遍全球在各大學(xué)講學(xué)，與其他著名建筑師合作，還創(chuàng)立了環(huán)境規(guī)劃與技術(shù)中心，現(xiàn)CEPT大學(xué)，致力于人類聚居地的研究、設(shè)計(jì)、規(guī)劃、建造和管理。)”可知，Doshi創(chuàng)立了CEPT大學(xué)，致力于建筑與環(huán)境規(guī)劃教育。由此可知，他對(duì)高等建筑教育做出了貢獻(xiàn)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中Doshi所說(shuō)的話“Wedidnotwanttoimitatesomeoneelse’sapproach(我們不想模仿他人的方法)”、“Wewantedtofindourownidentity.(我們想要找到自己的身份。)”、“Ithinkofmybuildingsasmyfriends,myfamily(我將我的建筑視為摯友，視為家人)”和“Ihaveaconversationwiththem,andthat’showIcreatenichesandstaircasesandopeningsandgardens…mybuildingsarenotonlypureandclearbutdesignedtoanticipatechanges.(我與它們對(duì)話，就這樣創(chuàng)造出壁龕、樓梯、空地和花園……我的建筑不僅純粹明晰，更為變化而設(shè)計(jì)。)”可知，Doshi在言辭中強(qiáng)調(diào)了其建筑的獨(dú)創(chuàng)性，他不去追隨和模仿別人，而是追尋獨(dú)創(chuàng)。因此，作者是想體現(xiàn)其作品的原創(chuàng)性。故選B項(xiàng)。【7題詳析】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段中“Fromtoweringconcretepillarstosculpturalmodernistdomes(穹頂),theworkofBalkrishnaVithaldasDoshidefinedIndianarchitectureforthelatterhalfofthe20thcentury.(從高聳的混凝土柱到極具雕塑感的現(xiàn)代主義穹頂，BalkrishnaVithaldasDoshi的作品定義了20世紀(jì)下半葉的印度建筑。)”可知，文章圍繞印度現(xiàn)代主義建筑師B.V.Doshi展開，介紹了其生平、職業(yè)生涯及其建筑理念。因此，文章的目的是簡(jiǎn)要介紹一下印度偉大的建筑師Doshi。故選D項(xiàng)。CAteamfromNewcastleUniversityandNorthumbriaUniversityintheUKhasfoundthatthethin,root-likethreadsproducedbymanyfungi(真菌)canpotentiallybeusedasabiodegradable,wearablematerialthat’salsoabletorepairitself.Intheirtests,theresearchersfocusedontheGanodermalucidumfungus,producingaskinfrombranchingthinthreads,whichtogetherweaveintoastructurecalledamycelium(菌絲體).Withalittlemorework,thefragileskinscouldserveasasubstituteforleather,satisfyingenvironmentalandfashiontastes.“Theresultssuggestthatmyceliummaterialscansurviveindryandunfavourableenvironments,andself-repairingispossiblewithminimalinterventionafteratwo-dayrecoveryperiod,”writetheresearchersintheirpublishedpaper.However,theprocessusedtoproducethesematerialstendstokilloffthefungalspores(孢子)thathelptheorganismregenerateitself.Anewapproachinvolvingamixofmycelia,proteins,andothernutrientsinaliquidencouragedthegrowthofaskin.Theresultsarecurrentlytoothinanddelicatetobeturnedintoajacket.However,theresearchersareconfidentthatit’spossiblethatfutureinnovationscouldturnitintoatougherskin,possiblybycombininglayersorplasticizinginglycerol.Crucially,theproductionprocessdidn’tkilloffthefungalspores.Testsonthematerialshowedthatitwasindeedabletoreplaceholesmadeinit.Thematerialwasasstrongasbefore,thoughitwasstillpossibletoseewheretheholeshadbeen.“Duetotheirfunctionalproperties,theabilityofthisregenerativemyceliummaterialtohealmicroandmacrodefectsopensinterestingfutureprospectsforuniqueproductapplicationsinleather-goodsreplacementssuchasfurniture,automotiveseals,andfashionwear,”writetheresearchers.There’salongwaytogoherebeforeyou’llbewearingclothesmadeoutoffungus.Thegrowingandhealingprocessestakeseveraldaystohappenatthemomentforexample,somethingwhichcouldbespedupovertime.8.Whatdidtheteamfindintheirtests?A.Analternativetofungalspores. B.Thinthreadsshapedlikeroots.C.Manydifferentfungi. D.Myceliummaterialswithself-healingfunction.9.WhatismainlypresentedinParagraph3?A.Therecoveryperiodoffungalspores.B.Crisesofmyceliummaterials’survival.C.Imperfectioninproducingmyceliummaterials.D.Themethodofinterveningorganisms’regeneration.10.Whatcanwelearnaboutthenewapproach?A.Itspeedsupthecreationofmycelia. B.Itkeepsfungalsporesfromdestruction.C.Itmakestheholesinmaterialsinvisible. D.Itcombinestheliquidwithlayersofskin.11.Whatistheprospectofmycelium-basedmaterials?A.Aflashinthepan. B.Promisingbutchallenging.C.Inspiringbutunachievable. D.Agrowthanddeclinecycle.【答案】8.D9.C10.B11.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章討論了一種由菌絲體制成的新型生物可降解材料，這種材料具有自我修復(fù)的能力，可能成為皮革的替代品，滿足環(huán)保和時(shí)尚的需求。文章介紹了研究團(tuán)隊(duì)的發(fā)現(xiàn)、實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程、目前面臨的挑戰(zhàn)以及未來(lái)應(yīng)用的前景?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“AteamfromNewcastleUniversityandNorthumbriaUniversityintheUKhasfoundthatthethin,root-likethreadsproducedbymanyfungi(真菌)canpotentiallybeusedasabiodegradable,wearablematerialthat’salsoabletorepairitself.（英國(guó)紐卡斯?fàn)柎髮W(xué)和諾森比亞大學(xué)的一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，許多真菌產(chǎn)生的細(xì)如根的線，有可能被用作一種可生物降解的、可穿戴的材料，而且還能自我修復(fù)。）”可知，研究小組在他們的測(cè)試中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種具有自我修復(fù)功能的菌絲材料。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第三段““Theresultssuggestthatmyceliummaterialscansurviveindryandunfavourableenvironments,andself-repairingispossiblewithminimalinterventionafteratwo-dayrecoveryperiod,”writetheresearchersintheirpublishedpaper.However,theprocessusedtoproducethesematerialstendstokilloffthefungalspores(孢子)thathelptheorganismregenerateitself.（研究人員在他們發(fā)表的論文中寫道：“研究結(jié)果表明，菌絲材料可以在干燥和不利的環(huán)境中生存，并且在兩天的恢復(fù)周期后，通過(guò)最小程度的干預(yù)實(shí)現(xiàn)自我修復(fù)是可能的?！比欢?，用于生產(chǎn)這些材料的過(guò)程往往會(huì)殺死幫助生物體自我再生的真菌孢子。）”可知，第三段主要講述了生產(chǎn)菌絲材料的過(guò)程中存在的問題。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Crucially,theproductionprocessdidn’tkilloffthefungalspores.（至關(guān)重要的是，生產(chǎn)過(guò)程并沒有殺死真菌孢子。）”可知，新工藝不會(huì)破壞真菌孢子。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“There’salongwaytogoherebeforeyou’llbewearingclothesmadeoutoffungus.（在你穿上用真菌做的衣服之前，還有很長(zhǎng)的路要走。）”可知，用菌絲制作衣服還有很長(zhǎng)的路要走，也就是說(shuō)菌絲材料的前景是充滿希望的，但也具有挑戰(zhàn)性。故選B項(xiàng)。DChinesescientistshaveidentifiedanewproteinthatrestrictsHIVinfection,adiscoverythatcouldpavethewayforthedevelopmentofnewdrugsagainstthevirus.Theprotein,P-selectinglycoproteinligand1(PSGL-1),whichexistsinhumancells,caninhibit(抑制)theprocessbywhichHIVreproduces,accordingtoresearchpublishedinthesciencejournalNatureMicrobiologythismonth.However,thestudyalsoshowedthatPSGL-1canbenegativelyaffectedbyVpu—anaccessory(附屬)proteinofHIV—whichcanneutralizetheabilityofPSGL-1toresistHIV.FurtherresearchisunderwaytodevelopadrugthatcaninhibittheHIVproteinsothatPSGL-1canrestrictHIV,accordingtoTanXu,aresearcheratTsinghuaUniversity'sSchoolofPharmaceuticalSciences,aleadingauthorofthestudy.SeveralotherproteinsinhumancellsthatcouldresistHIVhavebeendiscoveredoverthepast10years,buttheviruscanalsoevade(避開)them.PSGL-1showsparticularpromiseinthatitcaninhibitHIVinmultipleways—especiallybyblockingtheinfectiousnessofvirusoffspring,Tansaid.“Wearestartingtoresearchintosmallmolecule(分子)compoundsinthehopeoffindingonethatcanrestorePSGL-1’santi-HIVfunction.Inthisway,wecandevelopaveryeffectiveantiviraldrugforpeoplewithHIV/AIDS,”hesaid.Tansaiditwillrequireatleastthreetofiveyearsfortheresearchtoreachthepreclinicalstage,andmoretimeafterthatbeforeaclinicaltrialispossible.TheresearchwasconductedbyresearchersatTsinghuaUniversityinBeijing,FudanUniversityinShanghaiandGeorgeMasonUniversityintheUnitedStates.ExistingtreatmentmethodsforpeoplewithHIV/AIDS,whichmostlyrelyonacombinationofdifferentdrugs,canpreventthediseasefromprogressingbutcannotcureit,andlong-termuseofdrugscanresultindrugresistance.Anestimated37millionpeopleintheworldlivewithHIV,accordingtotheJointUnitedNationsProgrammeonHIV/AIDS.Thestudyprovidesnewleadstodevelopingantiviraldrugs,TsinghuaUniversitysaidinastatement.12.WhatcanwelearnaboutPSGL-1fromthepassage?A.BoththeproteinPSGL-1andtheproteinVpuareHIVproteins.B.PSGL-1canrestrictthefunctionoftheproteinVpu.C.PSGL-1’smoleculecompoundshavebeenidentified.D.TheproteinPSGL-1functionsbetterthanothersinresistingHIV.13.Whatcanweinferfromthelastthreeparagraphs?A.TheexistingtreatmentforAIDSarefarfromperfect.B.Itwillbeadecadebeforetheantiviraldrugsisputonthemarket.C.Americanscientistsplayedaleadingroleintheresearch.D.HIV/AIDSwillnolongerbeadeadlyproblemowingtothenewdiscovery.14.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.ThereisalongwaytogobeforecuringAIDS.B.MorepeoplearefacedwiththethreatofHIV.C.ChinesescientistsareleadingthewayincuringAIDS.D.AnewproteintoresistHIVwasconfirmedbyscientists.15.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Aguidebook. B.Afiction. C.Amagazine. D.Abrochure.【答案】12.D13.A14.D15.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。中國(guó)科學(xué)家新發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種可以抑制艾滋病病毒感染的蛋白質(zhì)，這可能為研發(fā)抗艾滋病病毒的新藥品開辟路徑。【12題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“SeveralotherproteinsinhumancellsthatcouldresistHIVhavebeendiscoveredoverthepast10years,buttheviruscanalsoevade(避開)them.PSGL-1showsparticularpromiseinthatitcaninhibitHIVinmultipleways—especiallybyblockingtheinfectiousnessofvirusoffspring,Tansaid.(在過(guò)去的10年里，人們?cè)谌祟惣?xì)胞中發(fā)現(xiàn)了其他幾種可以抵抗艾滋病毒的蛋白質(zhì)，但病毒也可以避開它們。Tan說(shuō)，PSGL-1表現(xiàn)出特別的希望，因?yàn)樗梢酝ㄟ^(guò)多種方式抑制艾滋病毒，尤其是通過(guò)阻斷病毒后代的傳染性。)”可知，過(guò)去的10年里人們?cè)谌祟惣?xì)胞中發(fā)現(xiàn)了其他幾種可以抵抗艾滋病毒的蛋白質(zhì)，但病毒也可以避開它們，而PSGL-1具有多種抗艾滋病病毒功能，展現(xiàn)良好的前景——尤其能抑制新生病毒的傳染性；由此可知，PSGL-1蛋白在抵抗艾滋病病毒方面比其他蛋白功能更好。故選D?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“ExistingtreatmentmethodsforpeoplewithHIV/AIDS,whichmostlyrelyonacombinationofdifferentdrugs,canpreventthediseasefromprogressingbutcannotcureit,andlong-termuseofdrugscanresultindrugresistance.(針對(duì)艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者的現(xiàn)有治療方法主要依賴于不同藥物的組合，可以阻止疾病的發(fā)展，但不能治愈它，長(zhǎng)期使用藥物可能導(dǎo)致耐藥性)”可知，目前艾滋病的治療方式是多種藥物的結(jié)合，往往治標(biāo)不治本，長(zhǎng)期使用還會(huì)讓人產(chǎn)生抗藥性，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)稱不上完美。故選A?！?4題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一句中“ChinesescientistshaveidentifiedanewproteinthatrestrictsHIVinfection,adiscoverythatcouldpavethewayforthedevelopmentofnewdrugsagainstthevirus.(中國(guó)科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種限制艾滋病毒感染的新蛋白質(zhì)，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)可能為開發(fā)抗艾滋病毒的新藥鋪平道路)”和下文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要介紹了科學(xué)家證實(shí)了一種新的抗艾滋病病毒的蛋白質(zhì)。故選D。【15題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Theprotein,P-selectinglycoproteinligand1(PSGL-1),whichexistsinhumancells,caninhibit(抑制)theprocessbywhichHIVreproduces,accordingtoresearchpublishedinthesciencejournalNatureMicrobiologythismonth.(本月發(fā)表在科學(xué)雜志《自然微生物學(xué)》（NatureMicrobiology）上的一項(xiàng)研究表明，存在于人類細(xì)胞中的p-選擇素糖蛋白配體1（PSGL-1）可以抑制艾滋病病毒（HIV）的繁殖過(guò)程。)”以及下文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講述中國(guó)科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種新的抗艾滋病病毒的蛋白質(zhì)，以及其后續(xù)的研究和影響；因此，本文最有可能來(lái)自科學(xué)雜志。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Acompany’scultureislikeanecosysteminvolvingacomplexnetwork,whichincludesemployees,andthetechnology,systems,etcwithwhichweneedtowork.Justlikethat,wehavevariationsofindividual’spersonalities,asbusinessculturecanvaryfromcompanytocompany.___16___Culturalfitisbasicallyjustaboutpairingpeoplewithbusinessculture.Aculturallyfittingemployeeissomeonewhofitssmoothlywithinthecompany’sorganizationalculture:thevaluesystems,leadershipstructure,andpracticesofanorganization.Everything,fromthewayanemployeeinteractstotheircommunicationbehaviorsallshapethecultureofanorganization.___17___Thisisthereasonwhytheconceptofculturalfitissowidespreadtoday.Thehistoryofculturalfitgoesbacktothe1980s.Accordingtothearticle,GuessWhoDoesn’tFitInatWorkbyresearcherLaurenRivera,“Theoriginalideawasthatifcompanieshiredindividualswhosepersonalitiesandvalues(andnotjusttheirskills)wereinlinewithanorganization’sstrategy,workerswouldfeelmoreattachedtotheirjobs,workharderandstaylonger.”___18___Withtheevolvingresearchonthistopicinacademia,companiesalsohavebeguntodrawtheirowninterpretationsandstylesofhiring.___19___Asanemployer,youwouldwanttohiresomeonewhosharesthecompany’sgoals,andpriorities.Therefore,thestakes(風(fēng)險(xiǎn))offindingaculturalfitareprettyhigh.Ifacompanydoesn’thaveagreatculturalfitwithitsemployees,itwilllikelyhavetroublewithleadershipanddisagreementswithintheorganizationaboutitsvalues.___20___A.Ofcourse,culturalfitisnotabsolutebutrelative.B.Itmaybreakanorganization’sefficiency,atitsworst.C.Culturalfitisbeneficialforbothemployeesandemployers.D.Manyfirmsfeltastrongconnectionwiththeideasinthisarticle.E.Animmoralpersoncanuntiewhatkeepenterprisecultureunited.F.Thatiswhysomepeoplefitintooneparticularworkingenvironment.G.In2007,acollectionofstudiesonculturalfitintheworkplacecameout.【答案】16.F17.E18.G19.C20.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要章介紹了公司文化作為包含員工、技術(shù)等要素的復(fù)雜生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，闡述了文化契合的概念內(nèi)涵、歷史起源、學(xué)術(shù)發(fā)展及其對(duì)員工行為適配性與組織穩(wěn)定性的重要影響?！?6題詳析】上文“Acompany’scultureislikeanecosysteminvolvingacomplexnetwork,whichincludesemployees,andthetechnology,systems,etcwithwhichweneedtowork.Justlikethat,wehavevariationsofindividual’spersonalities,asbusinessculturecanvaryfromcompanytocompany.(一家公司的文化就像一個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，涉及一個(gè)復(fù)雜的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，其中包括員工，以及我們需要使用的技術(shù)、系統(tǒng)等。就像這樣，我們的個(gè)性也各不相同，因?yàn)槠髽I(yè)文化可能因公司而異。)”提到公司文化像生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，且公司與公司之間的商業(yè)文化存在差異，就如同個(gè)人性格也有差異。F選項(xiàng)“Thatiswhysomepeoplefitintooneparticularworkingenvironment.(這就是為什么有些人適合某一個(gè)特定的工作環(huán)境。)”中Thatiswhy承接上文公司文化和個(gè)人性格的差異，解釋了因?yàn)檫@種差異所以有些人能適應(yīng)特定工作環(huán)境，即文化契合的情況，與下文“Culturalfitisbasicallyjustaboutpairingpeoplewithbusinessculture.(文化契合基本上就是將人與商業(yè)文化相匹配。)”銜接自然，符合語(yǔ)境。故選F?！?7題詳析】上文“Aculturallyfittingemployeeissomeonewhofitssmoothlywithinthecompany’sorganizationalculture:thevaluesystems,leadershipstructure,andpracticesofanorganization.Everything,fromthewayanemployeeinteractstotheircommunicationbehaviorsallshapethecultureofanorganization.(文化契合型員工是指能夠順利融入公司組織文化的人：組織的價(jià)值體系、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)結(jié)構(gòu)和實(shí)踐。從員工的互動(dòng)方式到他們的溝通行為，一切都塑造了組織的文化。)”闡述了文化契合的員工在公司組織文化中的表現(xiàn)，以及員工的行為對(duì)組織文化的塑造作用。E選項(xiàng)“Animmoralpersoncanuntiewhatkeepenterprisecultureunited.(一個(gè)不道德的人可以破壞維系企業(yè)文化統(tǒng)一的因素。)”中不道德的人可理解為與公司文化相悖的人，E選項(xiàng)從反面說(shuō)明了如果員工不契合公司文化，會(huì)對(duì)企業(yè)文化產(chǎn)生不良影響，與下文“Thisisthereasonwhytheconceptofculturalfitissowidespreadtoday.(這就是為什么文化契合的概念如今如此廣泛傳播。)”形成因果關(guān)系，解釋了為什么文化契合重要，符合邏輯。故選E?！?8題詳析】上文“Thehistoryofculturalfitgoesbacktothe1980s.(文化契合的歷史可以追溯到20世紀(jì)80年代。)”講述了文化契合的概念可追溯到20世紀(jì)80年代，以及下文“Withtheevolvingresearchonthistopicinacademia,companiesalsohavebeguntodrawtheirowninterpretationsandstylesofhiring.(隨著學(xué)術(shù)界對(duì)這一主題的研究不斷深入，公司也開始得出自己的解釋和招聘方式。)”提到隨著學(xué)術(shù)界對(duì)該主題研究的發(fā)展，公司在招聘方面也有了變化。G選項(xiàng)“In2007,acollectionofstudiesonculturalfitintheworkplacecameout.(2007年，一系列關(guān)于職場(chǎng)文化契合的研究問世。)”中的時(shí)間“2007年”體現(xiàn)了研究的發(fā)展進(jìn)程，在時(shí)間上承接前文的20世紀(jì)80年代，同時(shí)引出下文隨著研究發(fā)展公司的變化，起到了承上啟下的作用，符合題意。故選G?！?9題詳析】下文“Asanemployer,youwouldwanttohiresomeonewhosharesthecompany’sgoals,andpriorities.Therefore,thestakes(風(fēng)險(xiǎn))offindingaculturalfitareprettyhigh.Ifacompanydoesn’thaveagreatculturalfitwithitsemployees,itwilllikelyhavetroublewithleadershipanddisagreementswithintheorganizationaboutitsvalues.(作為雇主，你會(huì)想雇傭一個(gè)與公司目標(biāo)和優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)有共同點(diǎn)的人。因此，尋找文化契合度的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)相當(dāng)高。如果一家公司與員工沒有很好的文化契合度，它可能會(huì)在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層和組織內(nèi)部對(duì)其價(jià)值觀的分歧上遇到麻煩。)”提到作為雇主希望雇傭與公司目標(biāo)和重點(diǎn)一致的人，說(shuō)明文化契合對(duì)雇主有好處，且提到如果公司和員工文化不契合會(huì)有問題，從反面說(shuō)明了文化契合的重要性。C選項(xiàng)“Culturalfitisbeneficialforbothemployeesandemployers.(文化契合對(duì)員工和雇主都有益。)”統(tǒng)領(lǐng)下文，既引出對(duì)雇主的好處，也為下文介紹文化不契合的壞處做鋪墊，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C?！?0題詳析】上文“Ifacompanydoesn’thaveagreatculturalfitwithitsemployees,itwilllikelyhavetroublewithleadershipanddisagreementswithintheorganizationaboutitsvalues.(如果一家公司與員工沒有很好的文化契合度，它可能會(huì)在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層和組織內(nèi)部對(duì)其價(jià)值觀的分歧上遇到麻煩。)”說(shuō)明如果公司和員工文化不契合，在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和組織價(jià)值觀方面可能會(huì)有問題。B選項(xiàng)“Itmaybreakanorganization’sefficiency,atitsworst.(最糟糕的情況下，它可能會(huì)破壞一個(gè)組織的效率。)”進(jìn)一步闡述了文化不契合可能帶來(lái)的更嚴(yán)重后果，即破壞組織效率，是對(duì)前文的進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，符合題意。故選B。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。WhenIstartedmyPh.D.,Iknewmyworkwasproducingmuchwaste,butItookitforgranted.Thatall____21____onedaywhenIsawplasticwastepiledagainstthewall.Iwenttomyadviseranddecidedtocreate3D-printedlab____22____outofourwaste.Buttheprocessofmakingthesetoolsdidn’tgosmoothly.Aftermonthsof____23____,Ifeltworriedaboutmydream.Itwasa____24____whenmycolleagueswereeagertojoinus.Wecreatedagroupdevotedto___25___othergreenerways.Webeganmeetingeverymonthtodiscusssome____26____.Weintroducednewrecyclingbinstoeachlabafterlearningthatsomewastecouldberecycledifitwassorted____27____.Andwealsotrackedtheenergyconsumptionoflabequipment.Bydoingthese,wecouldcreate____28____onhowtouseeachdevice.Ourmostenergy-hungrydevicesweretheultra-low-temperaturefreezers,whichcausedmuchtrouble.So,westartedto____29____it,askinglabstoremovesamplesthatwerenot____30____anymoreandmakethemostoftheremainingones.Throughthose____31____,wemanagedtoincreasethetemperatureofseveralfreezersafterrealizingsomesamplesdidn’thavetobestoredso____32____.I’mstilldisappointedthatIcouldn’t____33____my3D-printingdream,andI’mdeterminedenoughtokeeptrying.I’vealsolearnedthatifone____34____isn’tworking,sometimesit’sbesttotakeastepbackandlookforothersolutions.I’m____35____thatwithmycolleagues’help,wewereabletodothat.21.A.mattered B.changed C.happened D.worked22.A.tests B.buildings C.machines D.tools23.A.struggling B.dreaming C.delaying D.preparing24.A.lesson B.relief C.signal D.point25.A.searchingfor B.settlingfor C.headingfor D.longingfor26.A.solutions B.topics C.articles D.techniques27.A.randomly B.accidentally C.appropriately D.suddenly28.A.pictures B.instructions C.patterns D.details29.A.advocate B.protect C.adopt D.challenge30.A.issued B.licensed C.needed D.involved31.A.occasions B.efforts C.experiments D.manners32.A.deep B.secret C.cold D.high33.A.discuss B.practice C.realize D.pursue34.A.position B.power C.direction D.approach35.A.grateful B.anxious C.hopeful D.curious【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.B25.A26.A27.C28.B29.D30.C31.B32.C33.C34.D35.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者在攻讀博士學(xué)位時(shí)意識(shí)到了實(shí)驗(yàn)室嚴(yán)重的廢物問題，開始嘗試用廢物進(jìn)行3D打印，但遇到挑戰(zhàn)。在同事的幫助下，他們探索了其他環(huán)保措施，如回收和節(jié)能。盡管3D打印項(xiàng)目未成功，作者學(xué)會(huì)了尋找替代方案，并對(duì)同事的參與表示感激?！?1題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：有一天，當(dāng)我看到塑料垃圾堆積在墻邊時(shí)，一切都改變了。A.mattered有關(guān)系；B.changed改變；C.happened發(fā)生；D.worked奏效。根據(jù)下文“Iwenttomyadviseranddecidedtocreate3D-printedlaboutofourwaste.”可知，作者決定用實(shí)驗(yàn)產(chǎn)生的廢物制作東西，因此是意識(shí)到廢物問題的嚴(yán)重性了，情況發(fā)生了改變。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我去找我的導(dǎo)師，決定用我們的廢物制作3D打印的實(shí)驗(yàn)室工具。A.tests測(cè)試；B.buildings建筑；C.machines機(jī)器；D.tools工具。根據(jù)下文“Buttheprocessofmakingthesetoolsdidn’tgosmoothly.”可知，是用廢物制作3D打印的實(shí)驗(yàn)室工具。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：經(jīng)過(guò)幾個(gè)月的掙扎，我開始擔(dān)心我的夢(mèng)想。A.struggling掙扎；B.dreaming夢(mèng)想；C.delaying延遲；D.preparing準(zhǔn)備。根據(jù)上文“Buttheprocessofmakingthesetoolsdidn’tgosmoothly.”可知，過(guò)程進(jìn)展并不順利，因此是經(jīng)過(guò)幾個(gè)月的掙扎。故選A項(xiàng)。【24題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我的同事們都渴望加入我們時(shí)，我松了一口氣。A.lesson教訓(xùn)；B.relief解脫；C.signal信號(hào)；D.point點(diǎn)。根據(jù)后文“whenmycolleagueswereeagertojoinus.”可知，同事們想加入作者的項(xiàng)目中，應(yīng)是讓作者松了一口氣。故選B項(xiàng)。【25題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：我們成立了一個(gè)小組，致力于尋找其他更環(huán)保的方式。A.searchingfor尋找；B.settlingfor滿足于；C.headingfor前往；D.longingfor渴望。根據(jù)下文“Weintroducednewrecyclingbinstoeachlabafterlearningthatsomewastecouldberecycledifitwassorted.Andwealsotrackedtheenergyconsumptionoflabequipment.”可知，他們引入了新的回收箱，追蹤了實(shí)驗(yàn)室設(shè)備的能耗，因此是致力于尋找其他更環(huán)保的方式。故選A項(xiàng)。【26題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們開始每個(gè)月開會(huì)討論一些解決方案。A.solutions解決方案；B.topics話題；C.articles文章；D.techniques技術(shù)。根據(jù)下文“sometimesit’sbesttotakeastepbackandlookforothersolutions.”可知，他們開會(huì)討論一些解決方案。故選A項(xiàng)。【27題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：在了解到一些垃圾如果分類得當(dāng)可以回收后，我們?yōu)槊總€(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室引入了新的回收垃圾箱。A.randomly隨機(jī)地；B.accidentally意外地；C.appropriately適當(dāng)?shù)?；D.suddenly突然地。根據(jù)上文“somewastecouldberecycled”可推知，一些垃圾如果分類得當(dāng)就可以回收。故選C項(xiàng)。【28題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：通過(guò)這樣做，我們可以創(chuàng)建如何使用每個(gè)設(shè)備的說(shuō)明。A.pictures圖片；B.instructions說(shuō)明；C.patterns模式；D.details細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)上文“Andwealsotrackedtheenergyconsumptionoflabequipment.”可知，他們追蹤了實(shí)驗(yàn)室設(shè)備的能耗，再結(jié)合下文“onhowtouseeachdevice”可推知，應(yīng)該是根據(jù)能耗情況創(chuàng)建如何使用每個(gè)設(shè)備的說(shuō)明，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)節(jié)能的目的。故選B項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：所以，我們開始挑戰(zhàn)它，要求實(shí)驗(yàn)室去除不再需要的樣本，并充分利用剩余的樣本。A.advocate支持；B.protect保護(hù)；C.adopt采用；D.challenge挑戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)上文“Ourmostenergy-hungrydevicesweretheultra-low-temperaturefreezers,whichcausedmuchtrouble.”可知，在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中，