初三英語英語閱讀理解匯編技巧(很有用)及練習(xí)題一、中考英語閱讀理解匯編1．閱讀理解

Haveyounoticedyourlifebecomingalittleeasier?Now,whenyougotoacertainshoppingmall,youcanenjoyitsfreeWi-Fithere.Whenyouwanttotakeataxi,youcanbookonewithyourphone.Infact,allthesecanbeseenasthebasicpartsofasmartcity.

TheideaofasmartcitywasbroughtupbyUScompanyIBMin2010.Generally,asmartcityisacitythatusesdigitaltechnologiessuchastheInternettoimprovecityplanning,savemoneyandresources,andmakeourlifeconvenient.Howsmartcanacitybe?Herearegreatexamplesthatwecanlearnfrom.

In2009,DubuquebecamethefirstsmartcityintheUS.Thecityusedsmartwatermeterstotaketheplaceoftraditionalwatermetens.Theycandetect（探測）waterwasteandleakage（泄漏）andsenddatatoletthehouseownerknow.Thesamesystemisusedforothercityresourceslikeelectricityandnaturalgas.Inthisway,peopleknowhowtheyusetheirresourcesandaregladtohelpreducewaste.

SantanderinSpainalsogivesusalookatthefuture.Ifpeoplepointaphonetowardanearbybusstop,thephoneimmediatelyshowsallbuslinesthatservethestopaswellastheirarrivaltimes.ThegovernmentorganizedaresearchteamandprovidedanApp（應(yīng)用程序）thatcollectsdataonalmosteverything:light,temperature,andthemovementsofcarsandpeople.OpeningtheAppnearasupermarketprovidesimmediateinformationonspecialoffers.（1）Theunderlinedword"convenient"isclosestinmeaningto"______".A.

useful

B.

normal

C.

suitable

D.

easy（2）Comparedwithtraditionalwatermeters,smartwatermetersdobetterin______.A.

cleaningwater

B.

supplyingwater

C.

savingwater

D.

producingwater（3）TheexampleofSantandershowstheuseofsmartsystemsinaspects（方面）EXCEPT______.A.

business

B.

healthcare

C.

trafficcontrolling

D.

publictransportation（4）What'sthemainideaofthepassage?A.

Digitaltechnologieshelpimprovecityplanning.B.

Smartcitieswillmakeourfuturelifebetterandsmarter.C.

SmartcitiesareverycommoninbothDubuqueandSantander.D.

SpainandtheUStaketheleadingpositioninbuildingsmartcities.【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）B（4）B【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章主要對智能城市進(jìn)行了基本介紹，又通過迪比克和桑坦德的例子介紹了智能城市為生活所帶來的便捷。（1）猜測詞句題。由語句Generally,asmallcityisacitythatusesdigitaltechnologiessuchastheInternettoimprovecityplanning,savemoneyandresources可知，總的來說，小城市就是使用數(shù)碼科技例如互聯(lián)網(wǎng)去提高城市計(jì)劃，節(jié)省金錢和資源。由此可推知，節(jié)省金錢、能源，可以使我們的生活更加輕松便捷。easy意為“輕松的”，符合題意。useful意為“有用的”，normal意為“普通的”，suitable意為“適合的”，均不符合題意。故正確答案為D。（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文中語句Thisway,peopleknowtheyusetheirresourcesandaregladtohelpreducewaste可知，通過這種方式，人們就可以知道他們使用的資源并愿意減少資源的浪費(fèi)。由此可知，智能水表可以在節(jié)約水資源方面做的比傳統(tǒng)水表更好。savewater意為“節(jié)約水資源”，符合題意。故正確答案為C。（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。A項(xiàng)，由第四段第四句OpeningtheAppnearasupermarketprovidesimmediateinformationonspecialoffers可知，在超市旁邊打開這個應(yīng)用程序，可以馬上推送特價商品的信息。由此可推知，智能系統(tǒng)在商業(yè)（business）中有所應(yīng)用。B項(xiàng)，healthcare意為“健康管理”，文章沒有提及。C項(xiàng)，由第四段第二句Ifpeoplepointaphonetowardanearbybusstop,thephoneimmediatelyshowsallbuslinesthatseverthestopaswellastheirarrivaltimes可知，如果人們用手機(jī)指向一個附近的公交車站，手機(jī)就會馬上展示出所有的會在這站停的公交車路線。由此可推知，智能系統(tǒng)在交通控制（trafficcontrolling）方面有所應(yīng)用。D項(xiàng)，由第四段第二句Ifpeoplepointaphonetowardanearbybusstop,thephoneimmediatelyshowsallbuslinesthatseverthestopaswellastheirarrivaltimes可知，如果人們用手機(jī)指向一個附近的公交車站，手機(jī)就會馬上展示出所有的會在這站停的公交車路線。由此可推知，智能系統(tǒng)在公共交通（publictransportation）方面有所應(yīng)用。故正確答案為B。（4）主旨?xì)w納題。A項(xiàng)，意為“電子科技幫助提升了城市規(guī)劃”，只在第一段中有所提及。故A項(xiàng)錯誤。B項(xiàng)，意為“智能城市使我們未來的生活更好更智能”，文章主要對智能城市進(jìn)行了基本介紹，又通過迪比克和桑坦德的例子介紹了智能城市為生活所帶來的便捷。故B項(xiàng)正確。C項(xiàng)，意為“智能城市在迪比克和桑坦德非常普遍”，文章第三段和第四段主要介紹了智能應(yīng)用在兩座城市中的應(yīng)用，并沒有提到普及型。故C項(xiàng)錯誤。D項(xiàng)，意為“西班牙和美國在建設(shè)智能城市方面處于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位”，文章提到美國的迪比克是第一個智能城市，西班牙也采用了智能城市，但是并沒有提到領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位。故D項(xiàng)錯誤。故正確答案為B?！军c(diǎn)評】考查閱讀理解。本文涉及細(xì)節(jié)題、推斷題和主旨題三種?？碱}型，細(xì)節(jié)題要注意從文中尋找答案；推斷題需要聯(lián)系上下文，推斷出需要的信息；主旨題需要通讀全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。2．閱讀短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

Sometimesitseemsthattimeisflying.Perhapsitdoesn'tneedtofeelthisway.Ourexperienceoftimecanbepossiblychanged.Byunderstandingthepsychological（心理學(xué)的）processesbehindourdifferentexperiencesoftime,wemightbeabletoslowdowntimealittle.

Onebasiclawofpsychologicaltimeisthattimeseemstoslowdownwhenwe'reexposed（接觸）tonewenvironmentsandexperiences.Thelawiscausedbytherelationshipbetweenourexperienceoftimeandtheamountofinformationourmindsprocess.Themoreinformationourmindstakein,theslowertimeseemstopass.

Itfollows,then,thatwehavedifferentexperiencesoftimeindifferentsituations.Insomesituations,ourlifeisfullofnewexperiences.Ourmindsprocessalotofinformationandtimeseemstoslowdown.Inothersituations,wehavefewernewexperiencesandtheworldaroundusbecomesmoreandmorefamiliar（熟悉的）.Webecomeinsensitivetoourexperience,whichmeansweprocesslessinformation,andtimeseemstospeedup.

Howcanweslowdowntime?Herearetwosuggestions.

Firstly,sinceweknowthatfamiliaritymakestimepassfaster,wecanexposeourselvestoasmanynewexperiencesaspossible.Wecangiveourselvesnewchallenges,meetnewpeople,andexposeourmindstonewinformation,hobbiesandskills.Thiswillincreasetheamountofinformationourmindsprocessandexpand（增加）ourexperienceoftime.

Secondly,andperhapsmosteffectively,wecangiveourwholeattentiontoanexperience-towhatweareseeing,feeling,tasting,smellingorhearing.Thismeanslivingthroughoursensesratherthanthroughourthoughts.Forexample,onthewayhome,focusyourattentionoutsideofyourself,insteadofthinkingabouttheproblemsyouhavetodealwith.Lookatthesky,oratthebuildingsyoupass,travelingamongthem.Thisopenattitudetoyourexperienceshelpstakeinmoreinformationandalsohasatime-expandingeffect.

Toacertaindegree,wecanunderstandandcontrolourexperienceoftimepassing.It'spossibleforustoslowdowntimebyexpandingourexperienceoftime.（1）Accordingtothewriter,wecanexpandourexperienceoftimeby________.A.

goingtobedontime

B.

travelingtonewplacesC.

havingdinnerasusual

D.

printingthesamematerials（2）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.

Beingfamiliarwiththeworldaroundhelpsusgetmoreinformation.B.

Understandingpsychologicaltimemakeslifepassmorequickly.C.

Wecantakeinmoreinformationbylivingthroughoursenses.D.

Weshouldbuildastrongerrelationshipbetweentimeandus.（3）Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.

SlowDownTime

B.

OnlyTimeWillTellC.

RaceAgainstTime

D.

TimeWillNotComeTwice【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A【解析】【分析】大意：本文講述我們的大腦吸收的信息越多，時間似乎過得更慢。（1）推斷題。根據(jù)Itfollows,then,thatwehavedifferentexperiencesoftimeindifferentsituations.不同的環(huán)境，會產(chǎn)生不同的時間體驗(yàn)，因此推出經(jīng)歷不同的的地方可以擴(kuò)展自己的體驗(yàn)，故選B。（2）推斷題。根據(jù)Thismeanslivingthroughoursensesratherthanthroughourthoughts.Thisopenattitudetoyourexperienceshelpstakeinmoreinformationandalsohasatime-expandingeffect.可知通過我們的感覺生活可以使我們獲得更多的信息，故選C。（3）主旨題。本文主要講述講述我們的大腦吸收的信息越多，時間似乎過得更慢，故選A。【點(diǎn)評】考查閱讀理解，首先通讀全文，了解全文大意，其次分析問題，抓住問題的關(guān)鍵詞，在文中尋找相關(guān)信息，確定答案，最后再檢查一遍，確保答案正確。3．閱讀理解

Asthefifthofsevenchildren,Iwenttothesamepublicschoolasmythreeeldersistersandbrother.Everyyear,eachchildfromthethirdgradetookpartinanoldschooltradition—theplantsaleheldinearlyMay,justbeforeMother'sDay.

ThatyearIwasoldenoughtotakepartinit.Iwantedtosurprisemymother,butIdidn'thaveanymoney.Itoldmyeldersisteraboutitandshegavemesomemoney.WhenIarrivedattheplantsale,Icarefullychosemyfavorite.IwatchedeachplantseriouslytomakesurethatIcouldfindthebestgeranium（天竺葵）.Afterschool,withthehelpofmysisterIbiditontheneighbor'sporch（門廊）.OnMother'sDay,Irememberhowbrightmymother'seyeswereandhowelatedshewasatmygift.

TheyearIwasfifteen,myyoungersisterreachedthethird,grade.Shetoldmethat,shewantedtosurpriseourmother.Likemyeldersisterdidforme,Igavehersomemoney.Andsheboughtthesamegiftandwehiditinthesameplace.Whenshegavethegifttomymother,Iwatchedthemfullofprideandhappiness.Mymothernoticedmewatchingandgavemeasoftandsecretsmile.Withashockatmyheart,Ismiledback.

Iwonderhowmymothercouldpretend（假裝）tobesurprisedatthesamesixthchild,butasIwatchedhereyes,Iknewshewasnotpretending.（1）Thewriterfirsttookpartintheplantsale______________.A.

inthethirdgrade

B.

attheageofsixteenC.

inthefifthgrade

D.

attheageoffifteen（2）Theunderlinedword"elated"inthesecondparagraphprobablymeans_____________.A.

angry

B.

upset

C.

excited

D.

relaxed（3）Thesixthchildbought_____________forhermother.A.

theprettiestrose

B.

thebestgeraniumC.

thebiggestgrape

D.

thefresheststrawberry（4）Fromthethirdparagraph,wecanknowthemother___________whenshegotthesamegift.A.

refusedtoacceptit

B.

pretendedtobehappyC.

feltproudandhappy

D.

hiditontheneighbor'sporch（5）Thepassageismainlyabout__________________.A.

thebestplacetohideagift

B.

agoodwaytosurprisemomC.

anawfulsecretofthefamily

D.

deeplovebetweenmomandchildren【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）B（4）C（5）D【解析】【分析】本文講述了作者小時候和幾個兄弟姐妹給媽媽送母親節(jié)禮物的故事。（1）細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)Everyyear,eachchildfromthethirdgradetookpartinanoldschooltradition—theplantsaleheldinearlyMay,justbeforeMother'sDay.ThatyearIwasoldenoughtotakepartinit每年，三年級的每個孩子都參加一個古老的學(xué)校傳統(tǒng)——五月初母親節(jié)前夕舉行的植物銷售。那一年，我大到可以參加了，可知作者在三年級時第一次參加了植物銷售，故選A。（2）詞義猜測題。A生氣的，B不安的，C激動的，D放松的，根據(jù)howbrightmymother'seyeswere我母親的眼睛有多明亮可知elated是excited激動的意思，故選C。（3）推理題。根據(jù)sheboughtthesamegift她買了同樣的禮物和

Icouldfindthebestgeranium可知第六個孩子給她媽媽買了geranium，故選B。（4）細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)Iwatchedthemfullofprideandhappiness可知，母親收到同樣的禮物時感到自豪和快樂，故選C。（5）主旨題。根據(jù)本文講述了作者小時候幾個兄弟姐妹給媽媽送母親節(jié)禮物的故事可知本文講述了媽媽和孩子之間深深的愛，故選D。【點(diǎn)評】考查閱讀理解。本文涉及細(xì)節(jié)題、推斷題，詞義猜測題和主旨題四種?？碱}型，細(xì)節(jié)題要注意從文中尋找答案；推斷題需要聯(lián)系上下文，推斷出需要的信息，詞義猜測題需要根據(jù)上下文提煉相關(guān)信息鎖定詞意，主旨題需要通讀全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。4．閱讀理解

Technologyisdevelopingfastandithasbecomeanimportantpartofourlife.Thenwhatwilltheworldbelikeinthefuture?

3—Dfoodwillbebothdeliciousandnutritious（有營養(yǎng)的）.Wecanuse3—Dprinterstoprintsomebasicmaterials.

①

Andwecangofurther.Scientistsbelivethatwejustneedtoturnonaprinterinthekitchenandthenwecanenjoyourfavouritefoodwheneverwelike.

②

5Gnetworkwillallowmanymorepeopletogetinformation.BigcompanieslikeChinaMobileandChinaUnicomwillstarttooffer5G.Itissaidthatpromisesdownloadspeeds10to20timesfasterthan4G.Forexample,wecandownloadafilmwithinjust1second.Butwitha4Gnetwork,ittakesafewminutes.Therewillbemuchbandwidth（帶寬）andwecangetunlimited（無限的）information.

Underwatercitieswillprovidemorespace.Theearthisbecomingmoreandmorecrowded.Wemayturntounderwaterhomes,whichwillbebuiltaslowas15oftheseacanbeusedtoprovidepowerforthehomes.

③

Foruscommonpeopleontheearth,thedreamoftravellingaroundspacewillcometrue.Inthecomingyears,spacecraftwillbeaspopularasbuses,trainsandplanes.Wecanleaveourhomeandenterspacetotakeanadventure（冒險）.Andevenwewillgetusedtolivingthere.

Arobotwillbeapartoflife.

Robotscandomanyofthesamethingsaswehumansdolikedrivingcars.Buttheywillbeusedinotherareasaswell.Theywillbeabletothink.Theycantellthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong.Theycanfeel

④

Inaword,justasJulesVernesaid,"Anythingonemancanimagine,othermencanmakereal."（1）Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthefutureworldisTRUE?A.

3—Dfoodwillbeeasytomakebutwon'ttastegood.B.

With5G,userswillgetonlyalittleinformation.C.

Underwatercitieswillprovidemorelivingspace.D.

Arobotwilldoeverythingforusashumanbeings.（2）Wherecanthesentence"Spacetourwillbeapieceofcake."Beput?A.

①

B.

②

C.

③

D.

④（3）Whatcanweinfer（推斷）fromthepassage?A.

peoplewillliveahardlifeinthefuture.B.

Technologywillmakeourfuturebetter.C.

Peoplewillhavenorealfriendinthefuture.D.

Technologywillmakenodifferencetoourfuture.（4）Wheredoesthepassageprobablycomefrom?A.

Astorybook.

B.

Afilmposter.

C.

Atravelguide.

D.

Asciencemagazine.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）B（4）D【解析】【分析】文章大意：科學(xué)技術(shù)在未來將成為我們生活中的重要的一部分。3D技術(shù)、5G網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)、水下城市、太空探索和機(jī)器人將會極大地影響到我們的生活。（1）正誤判斷題，根據(jù)Underwatercitieswillprovidemorespace.可知C符合文章內(nèi)容的意思，故答案是C。（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)Foruscommonpeopleontheearth,thedreamoftravellingaroundspacewillcometrue.可知對于平常人而言，去太空旅行的夢想將會實(shí)現(xiàn)，可以說去太空旅行將會是小菜一碟，所以應(yīng)該放在③處。故答案是C。（3）邏輯推理題，根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容的描述可知，科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展給我們的生活帶來了極大的便利，由原來的不可能變成了可能，因此使我們的生活變得越來越好，故答案是B。（4）文章出處題，這是一篇介紹未來科學(xué)技術(shù)的文章，所以應(yīng)該出自科學(xué)雜志上，故答案是D。【點(diǎn)評】考查閱讀理解，本文涉及到了細(xì)節(jié)理解題、正誤判斷題、邏輯推理題和文章出處題。細(xì)節(jié)理解題比較簡單，可以直接在文章中找到答案；正誤判斷題也屬于細(xì)節(jié)理解題的一種，也可以直接在文中找到答案。邏輯推理題則需要根據(jù)文章中的已知內(nèi)容推出可能的結(jié)論，文章出處題需要根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容確定可能的來源。5．閱讀理解

Whatcanwelearnfromthespecial,verysuccessfulpeopleintheworldwhomaketheimpossiblepossible?

Lesson1:Waysofcreativethinkingareneeded

BillGatesandMarkZuckerbergbothdroppedoutofcollege.Theyprefertoteachthemselvesbecausetheyliketodeveloptheirownwaysofthinking.Theythinkstandardwaysofteachingmightstoppeoplefrombeingcreativeandhavingnewideas.

Lesson2:Theanswermightnotbewhatyouexpect

Findyouranswersfromfacts-notstartwithanexpectationofwhatyouwillfind.StephenJacobsenfromNorthwesternUniversitybelievedwhathewastaught:thatwaterontheEarthcamefromicycomets（封星）orplanetswhichhitintotheEarth.

However,bystudyingaspecialrock,hediscoveredthatitactslikeasponge.ThissuggeststhattheEarth'swatermayhavecomefrominside,driventothesurfacetoformtheoceans,bygeologicalactivities.

"Ihadaprettyhardtimemakingothersbelieveit,"hesaid."Butthinkaboutthefactthatyoumaybethefirstpersontoseesomethingforthefirsttimethatdoesn'thappenveryoften.Whenitdoes,it'samazing."

Lesson3:Alittleluckgoesalongway

Yearsofplanningwentintoarecentachievementinspacetravel.TheEuropeanSpaceAgency's"Philae",arobotlandingcraft,metupwithComet67P,whichis480millionkilometresaway.ThetripfromtheEarthby"Philae"hadtakentenyears!

Thescientistshadnoideawhatthesurfaceofthecometwouldbelike.Ifthelandingfailed,itwouldbeimpossibletogetinformationfromthespacecraft.Twentyyearsofworkwouldhavebeenwasted.

When"Philae"triedtoland,itbounced（彈起）awayfromthecomet'sicysurfacetwice.Luckily,however,"Philae"landedsuccessfullyandbegansendinginformationbacktotheEarth.（1）BillGatesandMarkZuckerbergdidn'tfinishcollegebecause

.A.

theypreferredtolearnbythemselvesB.

theyneededstandardwaysofteachingC.

theirteachersdidn'tliketheirnewideasD.

theirteachersweren'tabletoteachthem（2）InLesson2,thewritermainlywantstotellusthat

.A.

weshouldgetanswersfromfactsB.

wecanbelievewhatwearetaughtC.

it'shardtomakeothersbelievesomethingD.

anexpectationcanhelpgetananswerinresearch（3）Theexample"Philae"inLesson3showsthat

.A.

Comet67PisnotfarawayfromtheEarthB.

ittook"Philae"20yearstoreachComet67PC.

"Philae"landedonComet67PwithalittleluckD.

scientistsknewnothingaboutthesurfaceofComet67P（4）Thebesttitleforthispassageis"

".A.

WaysofdiscoveringB.

LessonsforsuccessC.

WaysofbeingspecialD.

Lessonsforexperiments【答案】（1）A（2）A（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】文章大意：我們能從世界上那些使不可能的事情成為可能的特別的、非常成功的人身上學(xué)到什么呢？第一要有需要創(chuàng)造性思維的方式；第二從事實(shí)中找出你的答案，而不是從對你將要找到的東西的期望開始。第三要有一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)運(yùn)氣，從事實(shí)中找出你的答案，而不是從對你將要找到的東西的期望開始。（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)

BillGatesandMarkZuckerbergbothdroppedoutofcollege.Theyprefertoteachthemselves可知，比爾蓋茨和馬克扎克伯格喜歡自學(xué)，所以退學(xué)，故答案是A。（2）主旨大意題，根據(jù)Findyouranswersfromfacts-notstartwithanexpectationofwhatyouwillfind.可知，第二課主要說的是要從事實(shí)中找答案，故答案是A。（3）邏輯推理題，根據(jù)第三顆主要說的是要有點(diǎn)運(yùn)氣，但是彗星67P上環(huán)境如何無人知道，成功與否無人知道，這就需要一點(diǎn)運(yùn)氣了，故答案是C。（4）標(biāo)題判斷題，根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，這三課都是從成功那里學(xué)到的，也是為了成功，故答案是B?！军c(diǎn)評】考查閱讀理解。本文涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題、邏輯推理題、標(biāo)題判斷題和主旨大意題。細(xì)節(jié)理解題要可以直接從文中尋找答案；文章出處題需要根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容確定其來源；邏輯推理題需要聯(lián)系上下文，推斷出需要的信息；標(biāo)題判斷題需要在充分理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上，總結(jié)中心思想，凝練句式，最終確定答案；主旨題需要通讀全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。6．閱讀理解

Bigdata（數(shù)據(jù)）islotofsetsofinformationthatareputtogethersotheycanbeusedbyacomputerprogram.Thecomputerprogramlooksfordifferentkindsofanswersorpatternsinthedata.Bigdatacanhavedifferentkindsofinformationfrommanysources,suchasinformationthatcomesfromschools,socialmediasites（社交媒體網(wǎng)站）,companiesandgovernments.Onesetofdatacanhavepeople'snamesandaddresses.Anothersetcanhavewhattheylike,wheretheygotoschool,andhowmuchtimetheyspendonthecomputer.

Bigdatacanbeusedinmanyways.Thegovernmentusesittounderstandhowmanypeopletravelonbusesortrains.Thisinformationisthenusedtomakebusortrainsystemsbetter.Someschoolsusebigdatatounderstandwhichchildrenmayneedmorehelpinclass.Theteachercanthengivecertainstudentsmorehelporsupportsothosestudentscansucceedinschool.Companiesusebigdata,too.Ithelpsthemunderstandwhobuystheirproducts.Forexample,onecompanyusesweatherdatatoseewhenpeopleeatthemosticecream.

Bigdatacanbeusedforgoodreasons.Somehospitalsusebigdatatopredictifababywhoisborntooearlywillgetsick.Thehospitalcanthentakeextrastepstotakecareofthatbabysohe,shedoesnotgetsick.Bigdatacanalsobeusedforbadreasons.Itcanbeusedtopredictwhichkindsofpeoplearelikelytobreakthelaworhurtothers,eveniftheyhavenotdoneanythingwrong.

Howcanbigdatabeusedforgoodandbadthings?Itisbecausethecomputerprogramsusedtolookatbigdataandunderstanditarewrittenbypeople.Peoplethinkacertainway.Becausetheythinkacertainway,theybuildamodelofthoseideas.Theseideasarethenusedtolookatthedata.Sometimes,theseideasarehelpfulforpeopleorbusinesses.Othertimes,badideascancauseproblemsforcertaingroupsofpeople.（1）Thisreadingisabout______.A.

whatbigdataisandhowitisusedB.

whatschoolsandhospitalspeoplelikeC.

whereimportantdataiscollectedandstoredD.

howbigdataiscontrolledbygovernmentsandcompanies（2）Onecompanyusesweatherinformationto______.A.

helpchildreninneed

B.

knowwhenpeoplewillvisitthehospitalC.

findoutwhotidesthebusortrain

D.

understandwhenpeoplewillneedicecream（3）ThemainideaofParagraph3is____.A.

bigdatacanbeusedforgoodreasonsB.

wecanusebigdatainanumberofwaysC.

bigdatacanbeusedforbothgoodandbadreasonsD.

wecanusebigdatatostopbabiesfromgettingsick（4）Theoveralltone（總基調(diào)）ofthisreadingis_________.A.

sadandpersonal

B.

personalandscientificC.

informativebutsilly

D.

scientificandinformative【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】文章大意：這篇文章主要講的是什么是大數(shù)據(jù)以及如何使用它。（1）主旨大意題，根據(jù)文章第一段第一句Bigdata（數(shù)據(jù)）isalotofsetsofinformationthatareputtogethersotheycanbeusedbyacomputerprogram.和第二段第一句Bigdatacanbeusedinmanyways.可知，大數(shù)據(jù)是將許多信息集合在一起，以便計(jì)算機(jī)程序使用，而且大數(shù)據(jù)可以以多種方式使用。由此可知，這篇文章主要講的是什么是大數(shù)據(jù)以及如何使用它。故選Ａ。（２）細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句Forexample,onecompanyusesweatherdatatoseewhenpeopleeatthemosticecream.可知，一家公司使用天氣數(shù)據(jù)來查看人們什么時候吃的冰激凌最多。故選Ｄ。（３）段落大意題，根據(jù)文章第三段第一句Bigdatacanbeusedforgoodreasons.和第四句Bigdatacanalsobeusedforbadreasons.可知，大數(shù)據(jù)既可以用于良性的改善救助，也可以用于預(yù)防惡性的行為。故選C。（4）推理判斷題，這篇文章主要講的是什么是大數(shù)據(jù)以及如何使用它。而且文章使用了很多例子，讓讀者更容易理解。整篇文章具有科學(xué)性且信息豐富，具有教育意義。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評】考查閱讀理解，本文涉及細(xì)節(jié)題、推斷題、段落大意題和主旨題?？碱}型，細(xì)節(jié)題要注意從文中尋找答案；推斷題需要聯(lián)系上下文，推斷出需要的信息；段落大意題是通讀整段，找出主題句；主旨題需要通讀全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。7．閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。

Sorenecksareverycommonthesedays.Howtoavoidasoreneck?Herearethethingsyoushouldknow.

●Takeprecautions（預(yù)防措施）afteranunusualactivity.Manypeoplereporthavingapainintheirnecksafterdoingsomethingthattheydon'toftendo,suchasanewexerciseorpackingandmoving.

Ifyouknowyou'vedonesomethingthatputsyouarisk,massage（按摩）yourneck,doitwithdifferentexercisesandtakeawarmbathbeforebed.

●Makesureyourworkstationiscorrect.Ifyouworklonghoursatadeskyoumaywanttomakesurethatyourworkenvironmentissetuptobethemostrelaxing.Makesurethatyourbodyisbeingtreatedright.

Keepyourfeetonthefloor.Thiswilloftendependonhowhighyourchairis,soadjust（調(diào)整）itintimetoachievegoodresults.

●Changeyourpostureoften.Sittinginonepositionforlongperiodsoftimeisnorhealthy.Sitwithyourbackstraightformostoftherime.Takea5-minutebreakifyoucanandwalkaroundeveryhour.

●Exercise.Findsomething—swimming,runningorclimbing—thatmakesyouexcitedandfeelalive.Makeitintoausualway.Yourbodywillfeelbetterandyourmindwillfeelmorerelaxed.（1）InParagraph5,theunderlinedword"it"refersto（指）________.A.

thedesk

B.

thechair

C.

yourneck

D.

yourbody（2）Theunderlinedword"posture"inParagraph6probablymeans"________"inChinese.A.

姿勢

B.

方向

C.

方式

D.

狀態(tài)（3）________canavoidasorebackaccordingtothepassage.A.

MakingyourworkenvironmentbequietB.

SittingwithbackstraightforamomentC.

PackingandmovingforalongtimeD.

Exercisingoftenlikeswimmingorrunning（4）Afterdoingsomethingunusual,youmaydothefollowingthingsexcept________.A.

doingitwithdifferentexercisesB.

massagingyourneckC.

takingawarmbathbeforebedD.

lookingatyourphonefortoolong（5）Thispassagemainlytellsus________.A.

howtodoexercisewellB.

exercisingoftenisgoodforpeopleC.

howtoavoidasoreneckD.

beinghealthyisthemostimportant【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）D（5）C【解析】【分析】大意：文章主要介紹了避免脖子疼痛的辦法。（1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段Thiswilloftendependonhowhighyourchairis，soadjust（調(diào)整）itintimetoachievegoodresults..這通常取決于你的椅子多高，所以為了取得好結(jié)果調(diào)整它，可知此處it指代的是上半句的chair椅子。故選B。（2）詞義猜測題。根據(jù)下文Sittinginonepositionforlongperiodsoftimeisnorhealthy.用一個姿勢坐很長一段時間是不健康的，可知要經(jīng)常改變姿勢，因此posture意為“姿勢”。故選A。（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段Exercise.Findsomething—swimming,runningorclimbing—thatmakesyouexcitedandfeelalive.運(yùn)動。找一些——游泳、跑步或攀爬，能讓你興奮和感覺有活力的運(yùn)動，可知像游泳或者跑步之類的運(yùn)動可以避免脖子酸痛。故選D。（4）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Ifyouknowyou'vedonesomethingthatputsyouarisk,massage（按摩）yourneck,doitwithdifferentexercisesandtakeawarmbathbeforebed.如果你知道你已經(jīng)做了某些把自己置于風(fēng)險之中的事，你可以按摩你的背，做不通的運(yùn)動，以及在睡覺前泡一個溫水澡，而不是長時間看手機(jī)。故選D。（5）主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，短文主要介紹了如何避免脖子疼痛。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評】考查閱讀理解。本文涉及細(xì)節(jié)題、推斷題和主旨題三種?？碱}型，細(xì)節(jié)題要注意從文中尋找答案；推斷題需要聯(lián)系上下文，推斷出需要的信息；主旨題需要通讀全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。8．閱讀下列短文，從文后每小題A、B、C選項(xiàng)中選擇最佳答案。

Weknowpeoplecanbenice,butwhataboutanimals?

Scientistssaythatsomeanimalsarecapable（有能力的）ofbeingnice.Animalsthatliveingroups-likefoxes,chimpanzees（大猩猩）,andelephants-followrules.Theyhavetofollowrulestogetalongandtosurvive（生存）.However,animalscanactnicely,evenwhentheydon'thaveto.Herearesomesurprisingstoriesaboutanimalbehavior.

Mostpeopleusuallywalkawaywhensomeoneisunkindtothem.MarcBekoff,aresearcherattheUniversityofColorado,sawafemale（母的）redfoxdojustthat.Thefemalefoxwasunhappybecauseamale（公的）foxplayedroughly（粗魯?shù)兀﹚ithher.Whenshewalkedaway,themalefoxshowedherthathewantedtoplaynicely.Heloweredhisheadandrolledonhisback.Thefemalefoxgavehimanotherchance,andthistime,heplayedmoregently.

GezaTelekiisascientistwhostudieschimpanzeesinTanzania.Oneday,Telekihikedfarawayfromhiscampsite.Hedidn'thaveanyfood.Telekiwantedsomefruitfromatree,butthetreewastootall.Ayoungchimpanzeewatchedhimcuriouslyashetriedtogetsomethingtoeat.Thechimpanzeeclimbedthetree,pickedthefruit,andgaveittohim!

AnelephantinKenyahurthistrunk（象鼻子）.Heneededhelpbecausehecouldn'tputfoodintohismouth.ResearcherKayhanOstovarwatchedsilently.Hesawthehurtelephantshowhissoretrunktoahealthyelephant.Thehealthyelephantdidn'tneedanymoreinformation.Hetookabushandputitcarefullyintohisnewfriend'smouth.

Hippos（河馬）andcrocodilesareusuallygoodfriends.Theyhangouttogetherinrivers.ButKarenPaolillo,awildlifeexpertinZimbabwe,sawsomethingsurprising.Oneday,acrocodiletriedtoeatamonkeythatwasnexttoariver.Ahipporanquicklytothecrocodileandchaseditaway.Whydidthehippoattack（攻擊）thecrocodile?Paolillosayshippossometimesprotectotheranimalsfromcrocodiles.（1）Themainideaofthepassageis

.A.

animalsthatliveingroupsfollowrulesB.

someanimalscanbenicetootheranimalsC.

mostanimalsarenicetopeople（2）Theunderlinedphrase"dojustthat"means

.A.

benice

B.

playroughly

C.

walkaway（3）WecansaythatTeleki

.A.

isshort

B.

hateshiking

C.

couldnotclimbthetree（4）Theelephantneededhelpbecause

.A.

thetreewastootall