2025年ACCA《管理會計》模擬卷考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______試卷內(nèi)容Instructions:Pleaseanswerallthequestionsinthespacesprovided.Question1Amanufacturingcompanyproducestwoproducts,XandY.Thebudgetedinformationfornextmonthisasfollows:*ProductX:Sellingpriceperunit￡25;Variablecostperunit￡15;Budgetedsalesvolume1,000units.*ProductY:Sellingpriceperunit￡30;Variablecostperunit￡18;Budgetedsalesvolume800units.*Thecompanyincursfixedcostsof￡20,000permonth,whichareabsorbedintotheproductsonthebasisofbudgetedsalesvolume.Required:a)CalculatethebudgetedcontributionmarginperunitforProductXandProductY.(3marks)b)Calculatethebudgetedcombinedcontributionmarginratio.(2marks)c)Calculatethebudgetedbreak-evenpointintotalsalesunitsandinpoundssterling.(4marks)d)IftheactualsalesvolumeforProductXwas1,200unitsandforProductYwas700units,andtheactualfixedcostswere￡21,000,calculatetheactualprofitorlossforthemonth.(5marks)Question2Acompanyusesastandardcostingsystem.ThestandardcostcardforoneunitofProductZisasfollows:*Directmaterials:3kgat￡4perkg*Directlabour:2hoursat￡10perhour*Variableoverheads:2hoursat￡5perhourThefollowinginformationisavailableforlastmonth'sproductionof1,500unitsofProductZ:*Actualdirectmaterialsused:4,800kgatatotalcostof￡22,500.*Actualdirectlabourhoursworked:3,100hoursatatotalcostof￡34,200.*Actualvariableoverheadsincurred:￡16,500.*Therewerenobeginningorendingwork-in-progressinventories.Required:a)CalculatetheactualcostperunitofProductZ.(4marks)b)Calculatethetotalmaterialvariance,labourvariance,andvariableoverheadvariance.(10marks)c)Forthematerialvariances,calculatethepricevarianceandtheusagevariance.(4marks)Question3Acompanyisconsideringwhethertoacceptaspecialorderfor500unitsofitsproduct.Thenormalsellingpriceperunitis￡50.Thestandardcostperunitisasfollows:*Directmaterials:￡15*Directlabour:￡10*Variableoverheads:￡6*Fixedoverheads:￡8Thespecialorderpriceofferedis￡40perunit.Ifthespecialorderisaccepted,itwillnotaffectthecompany'snormalsalesvolume.However,thecompanywillneedtopurchaseadditionalmaterialsforthespecialorderatacostof￡0.50perunitmorethanthestandardpriceduetotheirlimitedavailability.Therewillalsobeadditionalvariableoverheadsof￡1perunitspecificallyattributabletothisorder.Required:a)Calculatetherelevantcostsperunitforthespecialorder.(5marks)b)Advisethecompanywhetheritshouldacceptthespecialorder.Provideabriefexplanationforyouranswer.(5marks)Question4SmithLtdisacompanythatproducesasingleproduct.Thecompanyusesanactivity-basedcosting(ABC)system.Thefollowinginformationrelatestolastmonth'sproductionof1,000units:*Thecompanyidentifiestwoactivities:MachinesetupsandQualityinspections.*Thebudgetedcostdriverandrateforeachactivityareasfollows:*Machinesetups:200setupsatarateof￡50persetup.*Qualityinspections:150inspectionsatarateof￡30perinspection.*Theactualcostsforlastmonthwere:*Machinesetups:￡11,000.*Qualityinspections:￡4,800.*Theactualusageofcostdriverslastmonthwas:*Machinesetups:180setups.*Qualityinspections:160inspections.Thestandardcostperunitincludes￡5ofoverheadcostallocatedbasedondirectlabourhours(4hoursperunit).Thecompanyusesatraditionalcostingsystemthatallocatesoverheadsbasedondirectlabourhours.Required:a)Calculatetheoverheadvariancesusingthetraditionalcostingsystem(assumingtheoverheadabsorptionrateisbasedonbudgeteddirectlabourhours,whichare4,000hoursforthemonth).(6marks)b)Calculatetheoverheadvariancesusingtheactivity-basedcostingsystem.(10marks)c)ExplainoneadvantageoftheABCsystemoverthetraditionalcostingsysteminthisscenario.(3marks)Question5Acompanyispreparingitsannualbudget.ThebudgetedsalesvolumeforProductAforeachquarterofthenextyearisasfollows:*Q1:1,200units*Q2:1,500units*Q3:1,800units*Q4:2,000unitsThecompanyaimstomaintainitsfinishedgoodsinventoryattheendofeachquarterat20%ofthesalesvolumeforthefollowingquarter.Thebudgetedproductioncostperunitis￡25(thisincludesdirectmaterials,directlabour,andvariableoverheads).Required:a)Calculatethebudgetednumberofunitstobeproducedforeachquarter.(5marks)b)Calculatethebudgetedtotalproductioncostforeachquarter.(4marks)c)Explainthepurposeofmaintainingafinishedgoodsinventorylevelasdescribed.(4marks)Question6Acompanyisevaluatingtwodifferentinvestmentprojects.Therelevantcashflowsforeachprojectareasfollows:*Project1:*Initialinvestment:￡50,000*Cashinflows:￡15,000peryearfor5years*Project2:*Initialinvestment:￡70,000*Cashinflows:￡20,000peryearfor5yearsThecompany'scostofcapitalis10%.Required:a)CalculatethepaybackperiodforProject1andProject2.(4marks)b)CalculatetheNetPresentValue(NPV)forProject1andProject2.(8marks)c)BasedontheNPVcriterion,whichprojectshouldthecompanyprefer?Explainbriefly.(3marks)Question7Acompanyusesabudgetarycontrolsystem.Thebudgetedandactualresultsforlastmonthareasfollows:|CostCentre|BudgetedExpenditure|ActualExpenditure||-------------------|----------------------|--------------------||Materials|￡12,000|￡11,500||Labour|￡18,000|￡19,000||Overhead|￡10,000|￡9,800|Thecompanyusesvarianceanalysistoevaluateperformance.Afavourablevariance(F)indicatesactualresultsbetterthanbudgeted,whileanadversevariance(A)indicatesactualresultsworsethanbudgeted.Required:a)Calculatethetotalvarianceforeachcostcentre(Materials,Labour,Overhead).(3marks)b)FortheLabourcostcentre,thebudgetedlabourcostwasbasedon3,600actualhoursworkedatastandardrateof￡5perhour.Theactualratepaidwas￡5.50perhour.Calculatethelabourratevarianceandthelabourefficiencyvariance.(6marks)c)Explainthesignificanceofafavourablematerialsvariance.Provideonepotentialriskassociatedwithit.(4marks)---試卷答案Question1a)*ProductX:￡25-￡15=￡10perunit*ProductY:￡30-￡18=￡12perunitb)*Totalbudgetedcontribution=(1,000*￡10)+(800*￡12)=￡10,000+￡9,600=￡19,600*Totalbudgetedsales=(1,000*￡25)+(800*￡30)=￡25,000+￡24,000=￡49,000*Contributionmarginratio=￡19,600/￡49,000=0.4or40%c)*Totalbudgetedcontribution=￡19,600(frompartb)*Break-evenpoint(units)=￡20,000/￡10(X)+￡20,000/￡12(Y)=￡20,000/(￡10*1,000/1,000+￡12*800/800)=￡20,000/(10,000+9,600)=￡20,000/19,600≈1,020.41units*Break-evenpoint(pounds)=￡20,000(frompartb,totalcontribution/ratio)*(1,020.41/1,000)=￡20,600.41d)*Totalactualcontribution=(1,200*￡10)+(700*￡12)=￡12,000+￡8,400=￡20,400*Actualprofit/(loss)=Totalactualcontribution-Actualfixedcosts=￡20,400-￡21,000=￡(-600)(Loss)Question2a)*Actualcostperunit=(￡22,500/4,800kg)+(￡34,200/3,100hrs)+(￡16,500/3,100hrs)*Actualcostperunit=￡4.6875+￡11.0000+￡5.3226=￡20.0101perunit(roundingto￡20.01)b)*Materialtotalvariance=(Actualquantity*Actualprice)-(Actualquantity*Standardprice)*Materialtotalvariance=￡22,500-(4,800kg*￡4/kg)=￡22,500-￡19,200=￡3,300(A)*Labourtotalvariance=(Actualhours*Actualrate)-(Actualhours*Standardrate)*Labourtotalvariance=￡34,200-(3,100hrs*￡10/hr)=￡34,200-￡31,000=￡3,200(A)*VariableOverheadtotalvariance=(Actualhours*Actualrate)-(Actualhours*Standardrate)*VariableOverheadtotalvariance=￡16,500-(3,100hrs*￡5/hr)=￡16,500-￡15,500=￡1,000(A)*Totalvariance=￡3,300(M)+￡3,200(L)+￡1,000(VOH)=￡7,500(Adverse)c)*Materialpricevariance=Actualquantity*(Actualprice-Standardprice)*Materialpricevariance=4,800kg*(￡4.6875-￡4)=4,800kg*￡0.6875=￡3,300(A)*Materialusagevariance=Standardprice*(Actualquantity-Standardquantity)*Standardquantity=1,500units*3kg/unit=4,500kg*Materialusagevariance=￡4*(4,800kg-4,500kg)=￡4*300kg=￡1,200(A)Question3a)*Relevantcostsperunit:*Directmaterials:￡15+(￡0.50additional)=￡15.50*Directlabour:￡10(assumedtoberelevant)*Variableoverheads:￡6+(￡1additional)=￡7.00*Relevantcosts=￡15.50+￡10+￡7.00=￡32.50b)*Comparerelevantcosts(￡32.50)withspecialorderprice(￡40):*￡40(price)-￡32.50(relevantcosts)=￡7.50perunit*Sincethespecialorderprice(￡40)isgreaterthantherelevantcosts(￡32.50),acceptingtheorderwouldadd￡7.50perunittoprofit.Therefore,thecompanyshouldacceptthespecialorder.Question4a)*Budgetedtotaloverhead=(200setups*￡50)+(150inspections*￡30)=￡10,000+￡4,500=￡14,500*Actualtotaloverhead=￡11,000+￡4,800=￡15,800*Budgeteddirectlabourhours=4,000hrs*Overheadabsorptionrate(traditional)=￡14,500/4,000hrs=￡3.625perhour*Overheadabsorbed(traditional)=1,000units*4hours/unit*￡3.625/hr=￡14,500*Overheadvariance(traditional)=Actualoverhead-Overheadabsorbed=￡15,800-￡14,500=￡1,300(A)b)*Machinesetups:*Spendingvariance=Actualcost-(Actualusage*Budgetedrate)=￡11,000-(180setups*￡50)=￡11,000-￡9,000=￡2,000(A)*Efficiencyvariance=(Budgetedrate*Actualusage)-(Budgetedrate*Budgetedquantity)=(￡50*180)-(￡50*200)=￡9,000-￡10,000=￡1,000(F)*Totalvariance(Setups)=￡2,000(S)+￡1,000(E)=￡1,000(A)*Qualityinspections:*Spendingvariance=Actualcost-(Actualusage*Budgetedrate)=￡4,800-(160inspections*￡30)=￡4,800-￡4,800=￡0*Efficiencyvariance=(Budgetedrate*Actualusage)-(Budgetedrate*Budgetedquantity)=(￡30*160)-(￡30*150)=￡4,800-￡4,500=￡300(A)*Totalvariance(Inspections)=￡0(S)+￡300(E)=￡300(A)*Totaloverheadvariance(ABC)=Totalvariance(Setups)+Totalvariance(Inspections)=￡1,000(A)+￡300(A)=￡1,300(A)c)*OneadvantageofABCoverthetraditionalcostingsystemisthatABCallocatesoverheadcostsbasedoncostdriversthataremorecloselyrelatedtotheactivitiesthatcausethoseoverheadcosts.Thisleadstomoreaccurateproductcosts,especiallyincompanieswithdiverseproductsandsignificantoverheadcosts,allowingforbetterpricinganddecision-making.Question5a)*Q1production=Sales(1200)+EndingInv(20%ofQ2Sales1500)-BeginningInv(20%ofQ1Sales1200)=1200+300-240=1260units*Q2production=Sales(1500)+EndingInv(20%ofQ3Sales1800)-BeginningInv(20%ofQ2Sales1500)=1500+360-300=1560units*Q3production=Sales(1800)+EndingInv(20%ofQ4Sales2000)-BeginningInv(20%ofQ3Sales1800)=1800+400-360=1840units*Q4production=Sales(2000)+EndingInv(0)-BeginningInv(20%ofQ4Sales2000)=2000+0-400=1600unitsb)*Q1productioncost=1260units*￡25=￡31,500*Q2productioncost=1560units*￡25=￡39,000*Q3productioncost=1840units*￡25=￡46,000*Q4productioncost=1600units*￡25=￡40,000c)*Maintainingafinishedgoodsinventorylevelhelpstosmoothoutproduction,meetcustomerdemandmorepromptlywithoutfrequentsetupchanges,protectagainststockoutsandproductiondelays,andensureproductavailabilityforpeakperiods.Question6a)*Project1:￡50,000/￡15,000=3.33years*Project2:￡70,000/￡20,000=