高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1湖南省長沙市某中學(xué)2025-2026學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期11月月考英語試題第一部分聽力(略)第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AWelcometoUCLAExchangeProgram!Let’sgetstartedbycheckingoutStudentGuideforyouracademicjourney!SigningupforESL(EnglishasaSecondLanguage)ESLcoursesaredesignedtohelpinternationalstudentsimproveacademicEnglishlanguageskills.Enrollment(課程注冊)priorityisgiventodegreestudents.Ifspaceisavailable,youmayenroll.YouwillthenbeaskedtotakeanESLPlacementTest.Thetestresultswillhelpyouchoosetheclassthatisappropriateforyou.ChangingYourCourseEnrollmentListYoumaychangeyourclassscheduleduringthefirsttwoweeksofthetermbyaddingordroppingcoursesfromyourenrollmentlist.Afterthesecondweekofclasses,therewillbeachargeforeachschedulechange.Studentsoftenattendclassesinwhichtheyarenotenrolledonthefirstdayofinstructiontotryaddingthisnewcoursetothelist,asotherstudentsmayhavedroppedit.WithdrawingfromCoursesIfyouchoosetodropacourse,youmustfollowtheUCLAproceduresforremovingitfromyourschedule.Ifyouforgettoofficiallydropthatcourse,a“F”(Fail)gradewillberegisteredonyourrecordattheendoftheterm.If,atalaterdate,youwishtoapplyforajoborgraduateschoolwhereanofficialcopyofyourUCLArecordisneeded,itwillbetoyouradvantagetoprovideanimpressiveacademicrecord.TakingExamsSomeinstructorschoosetoputprevioustestpapersonlibraryreserve,makingthemavailabletoallstudents.Theseexams,whichstudentscommonlyuseforpractice,cangiveyouanideaofhowinstructorsaskquestionsandwhattheyregardasrelevantmaterial.Youcanalsoaccesstheexamsonline.1.WhomightbethefirsttogetaseatinanESLcourse?A.Aninternationalfreshmanseekingadegree.B.AvisitingscholarfromanAsiancountry.C.AnAmericanstudentfromalocalcollege.D.Alanguageloverintheexchangeprogram.2.Whatisacommonstrategyforaddinganewcourseafterthetermhasstarted?A.Payinganextrafeefortheschedulechange.B.Askingtheinstructorforspecialpermission.C.Takingaplacementtesttoproveone’sability.D.Attendingtheclassfirstwithoutbeingenrolled.3.Whatcouldbeadirectresultifastudentforgetstodropacourseofficially?A.Hewillhavetotakeanextraexamtopassit.B.Hewillbechargedacertainamountofmoney.C.Afailinggradewillappearonhisacademicrecord.D.Hewilllosethechancetoapplyforgraduateschool.【答案】1.A2.D3.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。本文主要介紹了加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校交換項目的相關(guān)信息，包括ESL課程注冊、課程調(diào)整、退課以及考試等方面的內(nèi)容?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“ESLcoursesaredesignedtohelpinternationalstudentsimproveacademicEnglishlanguageskills.Enrollmentpriorityisgiventodegreestudents.(ESL課程旨在幫助國際學(xué)生提高學(xué)術(shù)英語語言技能。學(xué)位學(xué)生優(yōu)先注冊。)”可知，學(xué)位學(xué)生優(yōu)先注冊，故一個尋求學(xué)位的國際新生可能最先獲得ESL課程的座位。故選A?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Studentsoftenattendclassesinwhichtheyarenotenrolledonthefirstdayofinstructiontotryaddingthisnewcoursetothelist,asotherstudentsmayhavedroppedit.(學(xué)生們經(jīng)常在第一天上課時去上他們沒有注冊的課程，試圖將這門新課程添加到課程表中，因為其他學(xué)生可能已經(jīng)退課了。)”可知，學(xué)生們在沒有注冊的情況下先參加課程，試圖將這門新課程添加到課程表中。故選D?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Ifyouchoosetodropacourse,youmustfollowtheUCLAproceduresforremovingitfromyourschedule.Ifyouforgettoofficiallydropthatcourse,a“F”(Fail)gradewillberegisteredonyourrecordattheendoftheterm.(如果你選擇退課，你必須遵循加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校的退課程序。如果你忘記正式退課，在學(xué)期結(jié)束時，你的記錄上將被登記一個“F”(不及格)的成績。)”可知，如果一個學(xué)生忘記正式退課，他的學(xué)業(yè)記錄上會出現(xiàn)不及格的成績。故選C。BSittinginthegardenformyfriend’sbirthday,Ifeltabuzz(振動)inmypocket.MyheartracedwithamixofanxietyandhopewhenIsawtheemailsender’sname.Theemailstartedoff:“DearMrGreen,thankyouforyourinterest”and“thereviewprocesstooklongerthanexpected”.Itendedwith“Wearesorrytoinformyou…”andmyvisionblurred(模糊).Theposition—measuringsoilqualityintheSaharaDesertaspartofanundergraduateresearchprogramme—hadfeltliketheanswerIhadspentyearslookingfor.Ihadputsomuchtimeandemotionalenergyintoapplying,andIthoughttherejectionmeanttheendoftheroadformysciencecareer.SoIwasshockedwhen,notlongaftertheemail,ProfessorMaryDevon,whowasrunningtheprogramme,invitedmetoobservetheworkbeingdoneinherlab.Ijumpedatthechance,andafewweekslaterIwasequallyshocked—andoverjoyed—whensheinvitedmetotalkwithheraboutpotentialprojectsIcouldpursueinherlab.Whatsheproposeddidn’tseemasexcitingastheoriginalprojectIhadappliedto,butIwasgoingtogiveitmyall.Ifoundmyselfworkingwitharoboticsprofessorontechniquesforcollectingdatafromthedesertremotely.Thatproject,whichIcouldcompletefrommysofainsteadofintheburningheatofthedesert,notonlysurvivedthelockdownbutworkedwheretraditionalmethodsdidn’t.Intheend,Ihadanewscientificinteresttopursue.WhenIappliedtograduateschool,Ifoundthreeprogrammespromisingtoallowmetofollowmydesiredresearchdirection.AndIappliedwiththesameanxiousexcitementasbefore.WhenIwasrejectedfromonethathadseemedlikeaperfectfit,itwasundoubtedlydifficult.ButthistimeIhadtheperspectivetokeepitfromsendingmeintopanic.IthelpedthatintheendIwasacceptedintooneoftheotherprogrammesIwasalsoexcitedabout.Ratherthansettingplansinstone,I’velearnedthatsometimesIneedtotaketheopportunitiesthatareoffered,eveniftheydon’tsoundperfectatthetime,andmakethemostofthem.4.Howdidtheauthorinitiallyfeeluponseeingtheemail?A.Quitecuriousandinterested.B.Quitenervousandexcited.C.Rathersurprisedandconfused.D.Deeplydisappointedandupset.5.Whatwastheauthor’sfirstreactiontotherejection?A.Hedecidedtoabandonhisscientificdream.B.Heimmediatelysoughtalternativeprograms.C.Hefeltitsignaledtheendofhiscareerinscience.D.Hechosetoobservethelabworkwithouthesitation.6.Whatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheprojectheeventuallyundertook?A.Itprovedtobeeffectiveandinnovative.B.ItwasmoreexcitingthantheSaharaproject.C.Itwascompletedunderthetoughdesertconditions.D.Itwasaperfectfitforhisoriginalresearchinterest.7.Whatisthemainlifelessontheauthorlearnedfromhisexperience?A.Onlyapplyforprogramsthatareaperfectfit.B.Seizeandmaximizetheopportunitiesathand.C.Rejectionsareunavoidableontheroadtosuccess.D.Alwayshaveabackupplanreadyforanysituation.【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者申請項目被拒后抓住新機會并獲得成長的故事。【4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“MyheartracedwithamixofanxietyandhopewhenIsawtheemailsender’sname.Theemailstartedoff:“DearMrGreen,thankyouforyourinterest”and“thereviewprocesstooklongerthanexpected”.Itendedwith“Wearesorrytoinformyou...”andmyvisionblurred(模糊).(看到發(fā)件人名字的那一刻，我的心因焦慮與希望交織而狂跳不已。郵件開頭寫道：“親愛的Green先生，感謝您的關(guān)注”，接著是“審核流程比預(yù)期耗時更長”。郵件結(jié)尾寫著“我們很遺憾地通知您……”，看到這里，我的視線變得模糊。)”可知，作者看到郵件時最初是既緊張又興奮的。故選B。【5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Ihadputsomuchtimeandemotionalenergyintoapplying,andIthoughttherejectionmeanttheendoftheroadformysciencecareer.(我投入了大量的時間和情感精力去申請，我認(rèn)為被拒絕意味著我的科學(xué)職業(yè)生涯走到了盡頭。)”可知，作者的第一反應(yīng)是覺得這標(biāo)志著他科學(xué)職業(yè)生涯的結(jié)束。故選C?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Thatproject,whichIcouldcompletefrommysofainsteadofintheburningheatofthedesert,notonlysurvivedthelockdownbutworkedwheretraditionalmethodsdidn’t.(那個項目，我可以在沙發(fā)上完成，而不用在炎熱的沙漠中，它不僅在封鎖期間得以繼續(xù)，而且在傳統(tǒng)方法不起作用的地方也發(fā)揮了作用。)”可知，作者最終承擔(dān)的項目被證明是有效且創(chuàng)新的。故選A?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Ratherthansettingplansinstone,I’velearnedthatsometimesIneedtotaketheopportunitiesthatareoffered,eveniftheydon’tsoundperfectatthetime,andmakethemostofthem.(我沒有制定一成不變的計劃，而是認(rèn)識到有時候我需要抓住提供給我的機會，即使當(dāng)時它們聽起來并不完美，也要充分利用它們。)”可知，作者從他的經(jīng)歷中學(xué)到的主要人生教訓(xùn)是要抓住并充分利用眼前的機會。故選B。C“Whatwouldtheworldbeiftherewerenohunger?”It’saquestionthatProfessorCrystalwouldaskherstudents.Theyfoundithardtoanswer,shewrotelater,becauseimaginingsomethingthatisn’tpartofreallife—andlearninghowtomakeitreal—isarareskill.Itistaughttoartistsandengineers,butmuchlessoftentoscientists.Crystalsetouttochangethat,andhelpedtocreateaglobalmovement.Theresult—anapproachknownassystemsthinking—isnowseenasessentialinmeetingglobalchallenges.Systemsthinkingiscrucialtoachievingtargetssuchaszerohungerandbetternutritionbecauseitrequiresconsideringthewayinwhichfoodisproduced,processed,deliveredandconsumed,andlookingathowthosethingsintersect(交叉)withhumanhealth,theenvironment,economicsandsociety.Accordingtosystemsthinking,changingthefoodsystem—oranyothernetwork—requiresthreethingstohappen.First,researchersneedtoidentifyalltheplayersinthatsystem;second,theymustworkouthowtheyrelatetoeachother;andthird,theyneedtounderstandandquantifytheimpactofthoserelationshipsoneachotherandonthoseoutsidethesystem.Takenutrition.InthelatestUNreportonglobalfoodsecurity,thenumberofundernourished(營養(yǎng)不良的)peopleintheworldhasbeenrising,despitegreatadvancesinnutritionscience.Trackingof150biochemicalsinfoodhasbeenimportantinrevealingtherelationshipsbetweencalories,sugar,fatandtheoccurrenceofcommondiseases.Butusingmachinelearningandartificialintelligence,somescientistsproposethathumandietsconsistofatleast26,000biochemicals—andthatthevastmajorityarenotknown.Thisshowsthatwehavesomewaytotravelbeforeachievingthefirstobjectiveofsystemsthinking.Asystemsapproachtocreatingchangeisalsobuiltontheassumptionthateveryoneinthesystemhasequalpower.Butassomeresearchersfind,thefoodsystemisnotanequalone.AgoodwaytoredresssuchpowerimbalanceisformoreuniversitiestodowhatCrystaldidandteachstudentshowtothinkusingasystemsapproach.Moreresearchers,policymakersandrepresentativesfromthefoodindustrymustlearntolookbeyondtheirdirectlinesofresponsibilityandadoptasystemsapproach.Crystalknewthatvisionsalonedon’tproduceresults,butconcludedthat“we’llneverproduceresultsthatwecan’tenvision”8.WhatisthemainpurposeofProfessorCrystal’squestionmentionedinthefirstparagraph?A.Tohighlightaskillseldomtaughttoscientists.B.Toinitiateadiscussiononanunrealisticsituation.C.Toassessthestudents’understandingofglobalhunger.D.Toinspireacreativeapproachtoafundamentalproblem.9.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,whatisthecorerequirementofsystemsthinking?A.Itinvolvesathoroughconsiderationofvariousrelatedfactors.B.Itrequirestheapplicationofartificialintelligenceinanalysis.C.Itprioritizestheimprovementoffoodproductionefficiency.D.Itdemandsafocusoneconomicgrowthaboveeverythingelse.10.Whatdoestheexampleofnutritionresearchinparagraph3demonstrate?A.ThenewestUNreportsonfoodsecurityarenolongertrustworthy.B.Machinelearninghasmadetraditionalnutritionscienceoutdated.C.Mostcommondiseasesarecausedbyaseverelackofunknownbiochemicals.D.Achievingthefirstgoalofsystemsthinkingismorechallengingthanitseems.11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“redress”inparagraph4mostprobablymean?A.Recognize. B.Correct. C.Measure. D.Discuss.【答案】8.D9.A10.D11.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了Crystal教授通過提出假設(shè)性問題啟發(fā)學(xué)生用系統(tǒng)性思維解決全球饑餓等根本問題，并闡述了系統(tǒng)性思維的核心要求、面臨的挑戰(zhàn)及重要性?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中““Whatwouldtheworldbeiftherewerenohunger?”It’saquestionthatProfessorCrystalwouldaskherstudents.Theyfoundithardtoanswer,shewrotelater,becauseimaginingsomethingthatisn’tpartofreallife—andlearninghowtomakeitreal—isarareskill.Itistaughttoartistsandengineers,butmuchlessoftentoscientists.Crystalsetouttochangethat,andhelpedtocreateaglobalmovement.(“如果世界上沒有饑餓，那會是什么樣？”這是克里斯塔爾（Crystal）教授會問學(xué)生的一個問題。她后來寫道，學(xué)生們發(fā)現(xiàn)這個問題很難回答，因為想象一些不屬于現(xiàn)實生活的東西——并學(xué)習(xí)如何讓它成為現(xiàn)實——是一項罕見的技能。藝術(shù)家和工程師會接受這種技能的培養(yǎng)，但科學(xué)家卻很少接受。克里斯塔爾決心改變這一現(xiàn)狀，并幫助發(fā)起了一場全球運動。)”可知，Crystal教授提出這個問題的主要目的是啟發(fā)學(xué)生對根本性問題采取創(chuàng)造性的方法。故選D?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Systemsthinkingiscrucialtoachievingtargetssuchaszerohungerandbetternutritionbecauseitrequiresconsideringthewayinwhichfoodisproduced,processed,deliveredandconsumed,andlookingathowthosethingsintersect(交叉)withhumanhealth,theenvironment,economicsandsociety.(系統(tǒng)性思維對于實現(xiàn)零饑餓和改善營養(yǎng)等目標(biāo)至關(guān)重要，因為它需要考慮食物的生產(chǎn)、加工、交付和消費方式，并研究這些因素如何與人類健康、環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟和社會相互交叉。)”可知，系統(tǒng)性思維的核心要求是全面考慮各種相關(guān)因素。故選A?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Butusingmachinelearningandartificialintelligence,somescientistsproposethathumandietsconsistofatleast26,000biochemicals—andthatthevastmajorityarenotknown.Thisshowsthatwehavesomewaytotravelbeforeachievingthefirstobjectiveofsystemsthinking.(但是，一些科學(xué)家利用機器學(xué)習(xí)和人工智能提出，人類飲食至少由26000種生化物質(zhì)組成，而絕大多數(shù)是未知的。這表明，在實現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)性思維的第一個目標(biāo)之前，我們還有很長的路要走。)”可知，第三段中營養(yǎng)研究的例子表明實現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)性思維的第一個目標(biāo)比看起來更具挑戰(zhàn)性。故選D?！?1題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段中“Asystemsapproachtocreatingchangeisalsobuiltontheassumptionthateveryoneinthesystemhasequalpower.Butassomeresearchersfind,thefoodsystemisnotanequalone.(創(chuàng)造變革的系統(tǒng)方法也是建立在系統(tǒng)中的每個人都擁有平等權(quán)力的假設(shè)之上的。但正如一些研究人員所發(fā)現(xiàn)的，食物系統(tǒng)并不是平等的。)”以及“AgoodwaytoredresssuchpowerimbalanceisformoreuniversitiestodowhatCrystaldidandteachstudentshowtothinkusingasystemsapproach.(redress這種權(quán)力不平衡的一個好方法是讓更多的大學(xué)像Crystal那樣做，教學(xué)生如何用系統(tǒng)的方法思考。)”可知，食物系統(tǒng)并不平等，因此需要采取措施來“糾正”這種權(quán)力不平衡。由此可知，redress意為“糾正”，與Correct意思相近。故選B。DTheStanfordmarshmallow(棉花糖)testwasoriginallyconductedbypsychologistWalterMischelinthelate1960s.Childrenagedfourtosixatanurseryschoolwereplacedinaroom.Asinglesugarytreat,selectedbythechild,wasplacedonatable.Eachchildwastoldiftheywaitedfor15minutesbeforeeatingthetreat,theywouldbegivenasecondtreat.Thentheywereleftaloneintheroom.Follow-upstudieswiththechildrenlaterinlifeshowedaconnectionbetweenanabilitytowaitlongenoughtoobtainasecondtreatandvariousformsofsuccess.Asadultswefaceaversionofthemarshmallowtesteveryday.We’renottempted(誘惑)bysugarytreats,butbyourcomputers,phones,andtablets—allthedevicesthatconnectustotheglobaldeliverysystemforvarioustypesofinformationthatdotouswhatmarshmallowsdotopreschoolers.Wearetemptedbysugarytreatsbecauseourancestorslivedinacalorie-poorworld,andourbrainsdevelopedaresponsemechanismtothesetreatsthatreflectedtheirvalue—afeelingofrewardandsatisfaction.Butaswe’vereshapedtheworldaroundus,dramaticallyreducingthecostandeffortinvolvedinobtainingcalories,westillhavethesamebrainswehadthousandsofyearsago,andthismismatchisattheheartofwhysomanyofusstruggletoresisttemptingfoodsthatweknowweshouldn’teat.Asimilarprocessisatworkinourresponsetoinformation.Ourformativeenvironmentasaspecieswasinformation-poor,soourbrainsdevelopedamechanismthatprizednewinformation.Butglobalconnectivityhasgreatlychangedourinformationenvironment.Wearenowceaselesslybombarded(轟炸)withnewinformation.Therefore,justasweneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourcaloricconsumption,wealsoneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourinformationconsumption,resistingthetemptationofthemental“junkfood”inordertomanageourtimemosteffectively.12.WhatwasthekeyforchildrentogetasecondtreatintheStanfordtest?A.Selectingtheirfavoritesugarysnack.B.Remainingaloneintheroomfor15minutes.C.Resistingtheimmediatedesiretoeatthefirstone.D.Followingtheinstructionsgivenbythepsychologist.13.Whatdoestheauthorimplyby“aversionofthemarshmallowtest”foradults?A.Adultsaretestedwithdigitaldevicesinsteadoftreats.B.Adultsfacemorecomplextemptationsthanchildren.C.Adultsmustalsodelaycontentmentinthedigitalage.D.Adultsareassessedontheabilitytoshareinformation.14.Accordingtothetext,whatistherootcauseofpeople’sstruggleagainsttemptation?A.Thelackofself-disciplineinourcontemporarysociety.B.Themismatchbetweenourancientbrainsandmodernenvironment.C.Theoverabundanceofcalorie-richfoodsinthemarket.D.Theconstantbombardmentofnewinformationfromdigitaldevices.15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheMarshmallowTest:LessonsforModernLifeB.DelayingSatisfaction:AKeytoSuccessC.WhyOurBrainsStruggleintheModernWorldD.HowtoManageInformationConsumption【答案】12.C13.C14.B15.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章結(jié)合棉花糖實驗，論述信息時代需理性控制信息消費的觀點?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Eachchildwastoldiftheywaitedfor15minutesbeforeeatingthetreat,theywouldbegivenasecondtreat.(每個孩子都被告知，如果他們在吃糖果前等待15分鐘，就會得到第二份糖果。)”可知，孩子們得到第二份糖果的關(guān)鍵在于抵抗住立刻吃掉第一份糖果的沖動。故選C?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Asadultswefaceaversionofthemarshmallowtesteveryday.We’renottemptedbysugarytreats,butbyourcomputers,phones,andtablets—allthedevicesthatconnectustotheglobaldeliverysystemforvarioustypesofinformationthatdotouswhatmarshmallowsdotopreschoolers.(作為成年人，我們每天都要面對棉花糖測試的一個版本。我們不會被甜食誘惑，而是會被我們的電腦、手機和平板電腦誘惑——所有這些設(shè)備都將我們與全球信息傳遞系統(tǒng)連接起來，這些信息對我們所起的作用就像棉花糖對學(xué)齡前兒童所起的作用一樣。)”可知，作者暗示成人在數(shù)字時代也必須延遲滿足感。故選C?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Butaswe’vereshapedtheworldaroundus,dramaticallyreducingthecostandeffortinvolvedinobtainingcalories,westillhavethesamebrainswehadthousandsofyearsago,andthismismatchisattheheartofwhysomanyofusstruggletoresisttemptingfoodsthatweknowweshouldn’teat.(但是，隨著我們重塑了周圍的世界，大大降低了獲取卡路里的成本和努力，我們?nèi)匀粨碛袔浊昵跋嗤念^腦，這種不匹配正是為什么我們很多人難以抗拒我們知道不應(yīng)該吃的誘人食物的核心原因。)”可知，人們與誘惑作斗爭的根本原因是我們古老的大腦與現(xiàn)代環(huán)境之間的不匹配。故選B。【15題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是由文章第一段“TheStanfordmarshmallowtestwasoriginallyconductedbypsychologistWalterMischelinthelate1960s.(斯坦福棉花糖實驗最初由心理學(xué)家沃爾特?米歇爾于20世紀(jì)60年代末開展。)”和最后一段“Asimilarprocessisatworkinourresponsetoinformation.Ourformativeenvironmentasaspecieswasinformation-poor,soourbrainsdevelopedamechanismthatprizednewinformation.Butglobalconnectivityhasgreatlychangedourinformationenvironment.Wearenowceaselesslybombardedwithnewinformation.Therefore,justasweneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourcaloricconsumption,wealsoneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourinformationconsumption,resistingthetemptationofthemental“junkfood”inordertomanageourtimemosteffectively.(我們對信息的反應(yīng)也遵循著類似的邏輯。人類在成長關(guān)鍵期所處的環(huán)境信息匱乏，因此大腦進化出了珍視新信息的機制。但全球互聯(lián)徹底改變了我們的信息環(huán)境，如今我們不斷受到新信息的“轟炸”。因此，正如我們需要更理性地控制熱量攝入一樣，我們也需要更審慎地對待信息消費，抵制精神“垃圾食品”的誘惑，以最有效地管理時間。)”可知，文章首先介紹了斯坦福棉花糖測試，然后類比到成人面對信息誘惑的情況，指出我們也需要像對待熱量攝入一樣謹(jǐn)慎對待信息攝入，以有效管理時間。因此，A選項“TheMarshmallowTest:LessonsforModernLife(棉花糖測試：現(xiàn)代生活的啟示)”最能概括文章主旨。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Brainrotisastateofmentalfogginessandcognitive(感知的)declinethatresultsfromexcessivescreenengagement.Isbrainrotreal?____16____Whenyouspendhourssurfingandscrolling,youconsumehugequantitiesofmeaninglessdata,negativenewsandperfectlyretouchedphotos,whichmakeyoufeelinadequate,creatementalexhaustionandleadtoadropinmotivation,focus,andenergy.Onthesurface,spendingalotoftimeonyoursmartphoneorinfrontofacomputermayseemharmless.____17____Activitieslikescrollinghaveanegativeimpactonthebrain’srewardsystem.Theycanalsodecreaseyoursensitivitytonegativesignals,makingitharderforyoutoexperiencepositivefeelingsinotherways.Preventingbrainrotrequiresbeingintentionalaboutyourmediause.Herearesomeofthebeststrategies.Setlimitsonscreentime.Startbytrackinghowmuchtimeyouspendbrowsing,scrollingsocialmedia,watchingvideos,andgaming.Youmaybeshockedtodiscoverhowmuchtimeyouspendinfrontofscreens.____18____Deletedistractingappsfromyourphoneandturnoffnotificationsfornewsandsocialmedia.____19____There’sahugeworldbeyondyourscreen.Reconnectyourselfwithitbydiggingintohobbiesandactivitiesyouenjoysuchasgoingcampingandlisteningtomusic.Inaddition,youcanvolunteerforanorganizationyoubelieveinortakeyourfavoriteexercise.Connectofflinewithpositivepeople.Yourfirstinstinctmaybetopickupyourphonetoconnectwithsomeone.____20____Developingauthenticconnectionswithsupportivefriendsandfamilyinpersoncanlowerstressandprovideadeepersenseofbelonging.A.Pursuenon-digitalinterests.B.occupyyourselfwithdifferentactivities.C.Itsresultisreal—you’reoverusingyourbrain.D.Instead,makeanefforttosocializewithothersintherealworld.E.It’snotamedicallyrecognizedcondition,butarealphenomenon.F.Nextsetboundariesaroundthehoursyouinvestindigitalpursuitseachday.G.Overtime,however,brainrotbehaviorcanaffectyourmentalandemotionalwell-being.【答案】16.E17.G18.F19.A20.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了腦腐現(xiàn)象及其危害，并給出了預(yù)防腦腐、合理使用媒體的策略?！?6題詳析】由上文“Brainrotisastateofmentalfogginessandcognitive(感知的)declinethatresultsfromexcessivescreenengagement.Isbrainrotreal?(腦腐是一種由于過度使用屏幕而導(dǎo)致的精神模糊和認(rèn)知能力下降的狀態(tài)。腦腐是真的嗎？)”可知，本空應(yīng)回答腦腐是否真實存在。E選項“It’snotamedicallyrecognizedcondition,butarealphenomenon.(它不是一種醫(yī)學(xué)上公認(rèn)的病癥，而是一種真實存在的現(xiàn)象。)”既明確了腦腐的真實性，又補充其非醫(yī)學(xué)定義的屬性，能承接上文，符合題意。故選E?！?7題詳析】由上文“Onthesurface,spendingalotoftimeonyoursmartphoneorinfrontofacomputermayseemharmless.(表面上看，花大量時間在智能手機或電腦前似乎并無害處。)”及下文“Activitieslikescrollinghaveanegativeimpactonthebrain’srewardsystem.(像滾動屏幕這樣的活動會對大腦的獎勵系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。)”可知，本空應(yīng)強調(diào)長時間使用屏幕的潛在危害。G選項“Overtime,however,brainrotbehaviorcanaffectyourmentalandemotionalwell-being.(然而，隨著時間的推移，腦腐行為會影響你的精神和情感健康。)”是對長時間使用屏幕潛在危害的闡述，能承上啟下，符合題意。故選G?！?8題詳析】由上文“Setlimitsonscreentime.Startbytrackinghowmuchtimeyouspendbrowsing,scrollingsocialmedia,watchingvideos,andgaming.Youmaybeshockedtodiscoverhowmuchtimeyouspendinfrontofscreens.(限制屏幕使用時間。首先，記錄下你花在瀏覽、滾動社交媒體、觀看視頻和玩游戲上的時間。你可能會震驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)，你在屏幕前花了多少時間。)”及下文“Deletedistractingappsfromyourphoneandturnoffnotificationsfornewsandsocialmedia.(從手機上刪除分散注意力的應(yīng)用程序，并關(guān)閉新聞和社交媒體的通知。)”可知，本空應(yīng)進一步闡述如何限制屏幕使用時間。F選項“Nextsetboundariesaroundthehoursyouinvestindigitalpursuitseachday.(接下來，為你每天投入在數(shù)字活動上的時間設(shè)定界限。)”是對限制屏幕使用時間的進一步闡述，能承上啟下，符合題意。故選F?！?9題詳析】由下文“There’sahugeworldbeyondyourscreen.Reconnectyourselfwithitbydiggingintohobbiesandactivitiesyouenjoysuchasgoingcampingandlisteningtomusic.Inaddition,youcanvolunteerforanorganizationyoubelieveinortakeyourfavoriteexercise.(屏幕之外有一個巨大的世界。通過投身于你喜歡的愛好和活動，如露營和聽音樂，來重新與這個世界建立聯(lián)系。此外，你可以為你相信的組織做志愿者，或者進行你最喜歡的運動。)”可知，本空應(yīng)強調(diào)追求非數(shù)字興趣的重要性。A選項“Pursuenon-digitalinterests.(追求非數(shù)字興趣。)”是對追求非數(shù)字興趣的直接闡述，能引出下文，符合題意。故選A?！?0題詳析】由上文“Connectofflinewithpositivepeople.Yourfirstinstinctmaybetopickupyourphonetoconnectwithsomeone.(與積極的人進行線下聯(lián)系。你的第一反應(yīng)可能是拿起手機與某人聯(lián)系。)”及下文“Developingauthenticconnectionswithsupportivefriendsandfamilyinpersoncanlowerstressandprovideadeepersenseofbelonging.(與支持你的朋友和家人建立真實的面對面聯(lián)系可以降低壓力，并提供更深層次的歸屬感。)”可知，本空應(yīng)強調(diào)與他人進行真實面對面聯(lián)系的重要性。D選項“Instead,makeanefforttosocializewithothersintherealworld.(相反，要努力在現(xiàn)實世界中與他人交往。)”是對與他人進行真實面對面聯(lián)系的直接闡述，能承上啟下，符合題意。故選D。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Inaremotevillagedividedbyawideriver,theelderlycarpenterEliaswatchedwithworryastheonlybridgeslowlyrotted.Thevillagersonbothsides,onceaunitedcommunity,hadgrown____21____andindifferent.Elias,thoughskilled,felttheproblemwastoobigforoneman.Itseemed____22____.Insteadofappealingtothe____23____,whowerebusywiththeirfarmsandarguments,hestartedasmallproject.Hebegan____24____beautifulwoodentoys—smallboats,horses,andbirds,inhisyard.Hethen____25____thesetoystothechildren,amusingthemwithstoriesofhowkidsfrombothsidesusedtoplaytogetheronthebridge.Fascinated,thechildrenbegantomeetbytheriver.Theystartedplaying,first____26____,thenwithgrowingjoy.Thissimpleactchangedthe____27____.Seeingtheirchildrenformfriendships,theparents’heartsbeganto____28____.Theystartedtalkingtoeachotheragain.Onemorning,____29____bytheirchildren’slaughterechoingacrosstheriver,agroupofvillagersgatheredwiththeir____30____.TheyapproachedElias,readytoworkasone.Thenewbridgewasbuiltwithwoodandnails,andmoreimportantly,with____31____trustandcooperation.Eliassmiled,knowingthatthedeepest____32____arenotalwayscrossedbyforce,but____33____bybuildingquiet,heartfeltconnections.Herealizedthatchildren’slaughterwastherealmagicthatstarteditall.Thenewstructurewas____34____abridgeofwood;itwasasymbolofareunitedcommunity,leavingeveryonewithalasting____35____.21.A.familiar B.accustomed C.associated D.distant22.A.uncomfortable B.simple C.strange D.unbeatable23.A.colleagues B.adults C.enemies D.companies24.A.purchasing B.collecting C.carving D.painting25.A.sold B.gifted C.lifted D.saved26.A.hesitantly B.bravely C.eagerly D.angrily27.A.atmosphere B.occasion C.function D.environment28.A.soften B.break C.beat D.tighten29.A.awakened B.interrupted C.inspired D.annoyed30.A.knives B.relatives C.tools D.toys31.A.rediscovered B.recharged C.potential D.temporary32.A.regrets B.divides C.valleys D.memories33.A.established B.delayed C.measured D.bridged34.A.morethan B.otherthan C.apartfrom D.farfrom35.A.lesson B.warmth C.mystery D.challenge【答案】21.D22.D23.B24.C25.B26.A27.A28.A29.C30.C31.A32.B33.D34.A35.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。講述了老木匠Elias通過制作木制玩具讓孩子相聚，進而促使村民重聚，共同修建橋梁，重建社區(qū)聯(lián)系的故事。【21題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：河兩岸的村民，曾經(jīng)是一個團結(jié)的社區(qū)，現(xiàn)在變得疏遠(yuǎn)且冷漠。A.familiar熟悉的；B.accustomed習(xí)慣的；C.associated關(guān)聯(lián)的；D.distant疏遠(yuǎn)的。根據(jù)前文“onceaunitedcommunity”和后文“indifferent”可知，此處需填入一個與united形成反義、且與indifferent情感色彩一致的詞，此空用distant指村民變得疏遠(yuǎn)。故選D?！?2題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這似乎是無法克服的。A.uncomfortable不舒服的；B.simple簡單的；C.strange奇怪的；D.unbeatable無法克服的。根據(jù)前文“Elias,thoughskilled,felttheproblemwastoobigforoneman.”可知，此句It指代這個一人無法解決的大問題，此空需填入表示“無法克服的”或“難以戰(zhàn)勝的”詞，此空用unbeatable指問題似乎無法克服。故選D。【23題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他沒有呼吁忙于農(nóng)活和爭吵的成年人，而是開始了一個小項目。A.colleagues同事；B.adults成年人；C.enemies敵人；D.companies公司。根據(jù)后文“whowerebusywiththeirfarmsandarguments”和后文“tothechildren”可知，這群人忙于農(nóng)活和爭吵，符合成年人的特征，且后文中Elias轉(zhuǎn)而求助的對象是children，形成“不找成年人，而找孩子”的對比，此空用adults指成年人。故選B?！?4題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他開始在院子里雕刻漂亮